Ukulele: chii ichocho, mhando, chimiro, ruzha, nhoroondo, kushandiswa

Chimwe chezvinonyanya kukwezva zveHawaii idiki, rinosetsa rinotaridzika gitare. Kunyangwe chitarisiko chetoyi, chiridzwa chine zita rinoshamisa ukulele chinofarirwa nevaimbi vane mukurumbira uye vanotanga. Yakakwana, iri nyore kudzidza, uye ruzha rwayo rwakajeka, runofadza, rwerudo runoyeuchidza nezvezvitsuwa zvePacific zvinopisa.

Chii chinonzi ukulele

Iri izita remhando yegitare - chiridzwa chine tambo chakabvutwa chine 4 tambo. Chishandiso chikuru ndiko kuperekedzwa kwemimhanzi yezwi uye kutamba wega.

Ruzha rweukulele rwakanakira kuridza nziyo dzechiHawaiian, jazz nenziyo dzechinyakare, mimhanzi yenyika uye reggae.

Nhoroondo ukulele

Nhoroondo yekwakabva gitare diki ipfupi, asi chiridzwa chepakutanga chakakwanisa kudanana nevaimbi munguva pfupi yekurarama. Ukulele inoonekwa seyakagadzirwa neHawaiian, kunyangwe muchokwadi maPutukezi achifanira kutendwa nekwaakabva.

Zvinonzi muna 1875, maPutukezi mana, achirota kuvaka hupenyu huri nani, akatamira kuHawaiian Islands. Shamwari - Jose Santo, Augusto Diaz, Joao Fernandez, Manuel Nunez - vakaenda nePortugal 5-string gitare - braginya, iyo yakave hwaro hwekugadzira ukulele.

Mukutapwa, shamwari dzakabatanidzwa mukugadzira fenicha yemapuranga. Zvisinei, vagari vomunharaunda havana kufarira zvigadzirwa, uye maPutukezi, kuitira kuti arege kuparara, akatanga kugadzira zviridzwa zvemimhanzi. Vakaedza chimiro uye ruzha rwegitare rechiPutukezi, zvichiita kuti pave nemhando duku ine ruzha rwakanaka uye runofadza. Kuwanda kwetambo kwakaderera - ikozvino kwaiva ina, kwete shanu.

VaHawaiian vakagamuchira noushamwari kugadzirwa kwechiPutukezi. Asi chimiro chavo chakachinja apo, pane mumwe wemitambo yenyika, mambo weHawaii David Kalakaua akasarudza kuridza gitare duku. Mutongi akawira murudo nechiridzwa chinoshamisa, akarayira kuti aite chikamu cheHawaiian national orchestra.

Zita rechiridzwa nderekuHawaiian. Izwi rokuti "ukulele" rinoshandurwa se "kusvetuka flea", uye kana iwe ukaiputsa kuita zvikamu zviviri - "uku" uye "lele", unowana mutsara wokuti "huya rutendo".

Pane mazano matatu nei ukulele yakadanwa kudaro:

1. Vanhu vokuHawaii vakaona gitare kekutanga vakafunga kuti zvigunwe zvemutambi wegitare zvaimhanya netambo zvaiita senhata dziri kusvetuka.
2. Chamberlain yehumambo muHawaii aive murume wechiRungu, Edward Purvis, murume mupfupi, munyoro, uye asingazorori. Achiridza gitare diki, airidza zvinosetsa neanosetsa, uye akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti ukulele.
3. Mambokadzi weHawaii, Lydia Kamakaea Paki, akadana chipo chakapiwa nevatorwa vana vechiPutukezi kuvanhu veHawaiian "kutenda kwakauya".

Types

Ukuleles inouya mumhando dzakasiyana uye saizi. Chiridzwa chacho chinogona kutaridzika sediki kopi yegitare rekirasi, uye mhizha dzinogadzirawo zvakatenderedza, zvigadzirwa zveoval zvakafanana nechimiro chemanhanga nemapaini, uye kunyange masikweya.

Inzwi rinoenderana nehukuru hwechiridzwa. Pakopi hombe, unogona kuridza manotsi pazasi. Ukuleles akakamurwa kuva marudzi akati wandei nehukuru:

1. Soprano ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mhando. Classical ukulele ine 12-14 frets.
2. Rudzi rwekonzati rwakati kurei uye neruzha kupfuura soprano. Frets zvakare 12-14.
3. Iyo tenor ndiyo yakakurumbira mutsauko inowanikwa mune 1920s, ine gobvu, velvety toni uye akawanda mimvuri. Frets 15-20.
4. Iyo baritone ndiyo imwe mhando yakakurumbira yakatanga kutengeswa muma1940s. Inoburitsa ruzha rwakadzama, rwakapfuma, rwakanyanya. Frets, senge tenor gitare, 15-20.
5. Zvishoma zvakajairika sarudzo dzakaonekwa mushure me2007 mabhasi, mabhesi maviri uye piccolo.

Iko kune vhezheni yeukulele ine tambo mbiri. Tambo imwe neimwe inosungirirwa kune yechipiri tambo, iyo inogadziriswa pamwe chete.

Ukulele inonzwika sei?

Ukulele inonzwika kureruka, kupenya, manzwi ayo anopenya simba uye tariro, inomutsa ndangariro dzezvitsuwa zvine zuva muPacific Ocean, yemaruva ane mavara emaruva eHawaii.

Ruzha rwetambo rwakavhurika rwunonzi tuning. Ivo vanosarudza sisitimu yakadaro kuitira kuti kudhirowa kweanonyanya kushandiswa chords kuve nyore. Ukulele tuning ndeye atypical yegitare, maitiro ayo anopihwa pazasi.

Standard ukulele tuning is soprano. Mazita etambo ndeaya:

• munyu (G);
• ku (C);
• yangu (E);
• la (A).

Tambo enumeration inoenda kubva ina kuenda kune imwe (kumusoro kusvika pasi). C-Ea (CEA) tambo tuning, seye classical gitare, ndiko kuti, kutanga inyaya yepamusoro, kuguma kwakaderera. Iyo G tambo inofanirwa kunzwika yakakwirira kupfuura yechi3 neyechiXNUMX nekuti ndeye octave iyo mamwe XNUMX manotsi ndeayo.

Chakanakira tuning iyi kugona kuridza nziyo dzakafanana dziripo pakutamba pagitare rekirasi, kutanga kubva pa5th fret. Kune vaimbi vakajaira kuridza gitare, kuridza mimhanzi paukulele kungaratidzika kunge kusingafadzi pakutanga. Asi kupindwa muropa kunouya nekukurumidza. Kubviswa kwezvigunwe zvega kunowanikwa nemunwe mumwe kana maviri.

Mutsipa wakapfupikiswa weukulele unobvumira chiridzwa kuti chigadziriswe zvakasununguka kune yaunoda tuning. Zvinogoneka kugadzira yakajairika gitare tuning, umo ruzha rwunoenderana netambo ina dzekutanga dzegitare rekirasi. Ndiko kuti, zvinopera:

• yangu (E);
• iwe (B);
• munyu (G);
• tsvuku).

Kune ukulele, nzira yekutamba isimba rehutsinye uye kurwa. Vanodzura nekurova tambo neminwe yeruoko rwerudyi kana neplectrum.

mamiriro

Chimiro cheukulele chakada kufanana neicho chegitare. Ukulele inofanira kusanganisira:

• yemapuranga, isina chinhu mukati memuviri ine tailpiece uye buri rakatenderera pamberi pegudzanzwi;
• mutsipa - ndiro refu yemapuranga pamwe chete netambo dzakatambanudzwa;
• zvigunwe zvakafukidzwa;
• frets - zvigunwe zvigunwe zvikamu zvakagadziriswa nesimbi protrusions (kurongeka kwezvinyorwa kunotarirwa nenzvimbo yezvipembenene kune imwe neimwe ye 4 tambo);
• misoro - chikamu chekupedzisira chemutsipa nemapegi;
• tambo (kazhinji yakagadzirwa naironi).

Ukuleles inogadzirwa kubva muakasia, maple, madota, walnut, spruce, rosewood. Makopi akachipa anogadzirwa nepurasitiki, asi analogues akadaro anogona kusanzwika zviri nani pane ekutanga emapuranga. Mutsipa unogadzirwa kubva kune imwe ndiro, uye hardwood inoshandiswa. Chigadziko chegitare chakagadzirwa nepurasitiki kana huni.

Zviyero zvemidziyo

Musiyano muhukuru hwekulele hwekurira kwakasiyana:

• soprano - 53 cm;
• konzati - 58 cm;
• kureba - 66 cm;
• baritone uye bass - 76 cm.

Iyo yakakura kopi yeukulele, iyo yakareba 3 m 99 cm, yakagadzirwa neAmerican Lawrence Stump. Chigadzirwa, chakanyorwa muGuinness Book of Records, chiri kushanda, unogona kutamba pachiri.

Vatambi Vakakurumbira

Iyo ukulele yakambomira kuve chiridzwa chemuno cheHawaii, ikozvino yave inozivikanwa uye inofarirwa gitare nevaimbi. Magitare mazhinji ane mukurumbira akadanana nechiridzwa chidiki, akachishandisa pamakonzati, nokudaro achibatsira pakuzivikanwa kwayo.

Mutambi weukulele ane mukurumbira muHawaiian gitare Israel Kaanoi Kamakawiwoole. Akave anofarira mumhanzi wegitare kubva achiri mudiki, muHawaiian Islands iye ane mukurumbira mukuru, vanhu vanomudana nerudo kuti "giant nyoro".

Vanhu vekuHawaii vanofungawo Eddie Kamae naGabby Pahinui, vakagadzira boka remimhanzi The Sons of Hawaii, kuve nyeredzi dzemuno. Vanoita mimhanzi yegitare yekuda nyika uye inokurudzira pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwemarudzi motifs.

Pakati pevanoyemura zvikuru ukulele vanofanira kunzi:

• muimbi wejazz Laila Ritz;
• Chirungu mutambi wemakomiki uye muimbi George Formby;
• mutambi wegitare wekuAmerica Roy Smeck;
• Mutambi weAmerica Cliff Edwards;
• muimbi anofambira Rocky Leon;
• virtuoso gitare Jake Shimabukuro;
• Muimbi weCanada techno James Hill.

Iyo ukulele chiridzwa chinoshamisa chave chakakurumbira kwete chete nekupenya kwayo uye kwakanaka ruzha, asiwo nekukochekera kwayo. Inogona kutorwa parwendo, pakushanya, kune chiitiko - kwese kwese muimbi anogadzira festive mood nekuridza ukulele.