Vladimir Alexandrovich Dranishnikov |

Vladimir Dranishnikov

Anoremekedzwa Artist of the RSFSR (1933). Muna 1909 akapedza kudzidza kubva kuRegency makirasi eDare Singing Chapel ane zita regent, muna 1916 St. Petersburg Conservatory, kwaakadzidza naAK Esipova (piano), AK Lyadov, MO Steinberg, J. Vitol, VP (kuitisa ) Muna 1914 akatanga kushanda semupiyano-anoperekedza paMariinsky Theatre. Kubva 1918 kondakita, kubva 1925 mukuru conductor uye mukuru wemumhanzi chikamu ichi yemitambo.

Dranishnikov aiva akakurumbira opera conductor. Kuzarurwa kwakadzama kwemutambo wemumhanzi wekuitwa kweopera, kunyangira kusinganzwisisike kwedariro, hutsva uye kutsva kwekududzira zvakabatanidzwa maari nepfungwa yakanaka yekudzikama pakati pemisimboti yezwi uye yezviridzwa, kwaya dynamics - ine yakanyanya cantilena hupfumi. yeruzha rweorchestra.

Pasi pekutungamirwa naDranishnikov, mitambo yemhando yepamusoro yakaitirwa paMariinsky Theatre (kusanganisira Boris Godunov, mushanduro yemunyori naMP Mussorgsky, 1928; The Queen of Spades, 1935, nemamwe maopera naPI Tchaikovsky; "Wilhelm Tell", 1932; "Troubadour", 1933), mabasa eSoviet ("Eagle Revolt" Pashchenko, 1925; "Rudo rweMarange matatu" Prokofiev, 1926; "Flame of Paris" Asafiev, 1932) uye vanyori vemazuva ano vekuWestern Europe ("Kure Kurira" naSchreker. , 1925; "Wozzeck" naBerg, 1927).

Kubva 1936, Dranishnikov anga ari mutungamiriri wenyanzvi uye mutungamiri mukuru weKyiv Opera Theatre; akatungamira zvigadzirwa zveLysenko's Tapac Bulba (itsva edition naBN Lyatoshinsky, 1937), Lyatoshinsky's Shchorc (1938), Meitus' Perekop, Rybalchenko, Tica (1939). Akaitawo se symphony conductor uye pianist (muUSSR uye kunze kwenyika).

Munyori wezvinyorwa, mabasa emimhanzi ("Symphonic etude" yepiyano ine orc., mazwi, nezvimwewo) uye zvinyorwa. MF Rylsky akatsaurira sonnet "Rufu rweGamba" kuchirangaridzo cheDranishnikov.

Zvinyorwa: Opera "Rudo rwemaOrange matatu". Nokuda kwekugadzirwa kweopera naS. Prokofiev, mu: Rudo rwemaranjisi matatu, L., 1926; Modern Symphony Orchestra, mu: Modern Instrumentalism, L., 1927; Anoremekedzwa Artist EB Wolf-Israel. Kusvika kumakore 40 echiitiko chake chounyanzvi, L., 1934; Mimhanzi dramaturgy yeThe Queen of Spades, muunganidzwa: The Queen of Spades. Opera naPI Tchaikovsky, L., 1935.

Muimbi wehukuru hwakasimba uye ane hukasha, mutsigiri akashinga, anowana mahorizoni matsva mumitambo yemitambo - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Dranishnikov akapinda muunyanzvi hwedu. Akanga ari mumwe wevasiki vekutanga veSoviet opera theatre, mumwe wevatungamiri vekutanga avo basa ravo rakanga riri renguva yedu.

Dranishnikov akaita debut yake pachikuva achiri mudzidzi panguva zhizha Concerts muPavlovsk. Muna 1918, apedza zvidzidzo zvake muPetrograd Conservatory somuimbisi (aina N. Cherepnin), mutambi wepiyano uye munyori wenziyo, akatanga kuitisa paMariinsky Theatre, kwaakamboshanda somuperekedzi. Kubva panguva iyo, mapeji akawanda akajeka munhoroondo yeboka iri akabatanidzwa nezita raDranishnikov, uyo muna 1925 akava mutungamiriri wayo mukuru. Anokwezva vatungamiriri vakanyanya kushanda, anovandudza repertoire. Zvose zvikamu zvemitambo yemimhanzi zvaive pasi petarenda rake. Mabasa aidiwa naDranishnikov anosanganisira ma operas naGlinka, Borodin, Mussorgsky, uye kunyanya Tchaikovsky (akaita The Queen of Spades, Iolanta, uye Mazeppa, opera iyo, mumashoko aAsafiev, "akawanazve, achiratidza kushushikana, mweya une shungu weiyi hunyanzvi, nziyo dzine muto, nzira dzayo dzokushinga, nziyo dzayo dzakapfava, dzechikadzi”). Dranishnikov akatendeukirawo kumimhanzi yekare ("The Water Carrier" naCherubini, "Wilhelm Tell" naRossini), akafuridzira Wagner ("Gold of the Rhine", "Death of the Gods", "Tannhäuser", "Meistersingers"), Verdi. ("Il trovatore", "La Traviata", "Othello"), Wiese ("Carmen"). Asi akashanda nechido chakanyanya pamabasa emazuva ano, kekutanga kuratidza Leningrad Strauss The Rosenkavalier, Prokofiev's Love for Three Oranges, Schreker's The Distant Ringing, Pashchenko's Eagle's Revolt, uye Deshevov's Ice neSimbi. Pakupedzisira, akatora repertoire ye ballet kubva mumaoko aDrigo akwegura, achivandudza Mausiku eEgypt, Chopiniana, Giselle, Carnival, achiita The Flames yeParis. Ndiko kwaive kuita kwenyanzvi iyi.

Ngatiwedzerei kuti Dranishnikov aigara achiita mumakonzati, kwaakanyanya kubudirira muBerlioz's Damnation of Faust, Tchaikovsky's First Symphony, Prokofiev's Scythian Suite, uye inoshanda neFrench Impressionists. Uye kuita kwese, koniti yega yega yakaitwa naDranishnikov yakaitika mumhepo yekunakidzwa, inoperekedza zviitiko zvekukosha kwehunyanzvi. Vatsoropodzi dzimwe nguva vakakwanisa "kumubata" pane zvikanganiso zvidiki, pakanga paine manheru apo muimbi ainzwa asiri muchimiro, asi hapana aigona kuramba tarenda rake musimba rinokwezva.

Academician B. Asafiev, uyo aikoshesa zvikuru unyanzvi hwaDranishnikov, akanyora kuti: “Zvose zvaaiita zvaipesana nezvino”, achipesana nenyanzvi dzechikoro. Kuve, chekutanga, muimbi ane hanya, ane chipo chakabatana, aive nenzeve yakapfuma yemukati, izvo zvakamubvumira kuti anzwe zvibodzwa zvisati zvarira muorchestra, Dranishnikov mukuita kwake kwakabva mumhanzi kuenda kumutambo, uye kwete zvinopesana. Akagadzira nzira inoshanduka, yepakutanga, yakanyatso kuzviisa pasi pezvirongwa, mazano uye manzwiro, uye kwete nzira yemaitiro epurasitiki, mazhinji ayo anowanzoitirwa kuyemura veruzhinji.

Dranishnikov, uyo aigara achinetseka zvakanyanya pamusoro pezvinetso zvemimhanzi sekutaura mhenyu, ndiko kuti, kutanga kwezvose, unyanzvi hwekutaura, umo simba rekutaura, kutaura, rinotakura zvakakosha zvemimhanzi iyi uye rinoshandura inzwi remuviri kuva inzwi. mutakuri wepfungwa - Dranishnikov akatsvaga kugadzira ruoko rwe conductor - dhizaini - kuita kuti ive nyore uye inonzwisisika, semitezo yekutaura kwevanhu, kuitira kuti mimhanzi inzwike mukuimba sematauriro ehupenyu, inofefeterwa nekupisa manzwiro, inzwi. izvo zvinonyatsobudisa zvinoreva. Izvi zvishuviro zvake zvaive mundege imwe chete nepfungwa dzevagadziri vakuru vehunyanzvi hwechokwadi…

… Kuchinjika kwe“ruoko rwake rwaitaura” kwaishamisa, mutauro wemumhanzi, hunhu hwawo hwesemantic hwaivepo kwaari kuburikidza nemateko ehunyanzvi nemanyorero. Hapana kana inzwi rimwechete risingabatanidzi nerevo yebasa uye hapana kana ruzha rumwechete kubva pamufananidzo, kunze kwekongiri yehunyanzvi kuratidzwa kwemazano uye kunze kwemazwi anorarama - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo munhu anogona kugadzira credo yaDranishnikov muturikiri. .

Ane tariro nemasikirwo, aitsvaga mumimhanzi, kutanga kwezvose, kusimbiswa kwehupenyu - uye saka kunyangwe mabasa akaipisisa, kunyangwe mabasa ane chepfu nekukahadzika, akatanga kunzwika sekunge mumvuri wekusava netariro wakanga uchangobva kuvabata, "asi rudo rusingaperi rwehupenyu rwaigara rwuchiimba nezvarwo" ... Dranishnikov akapedza makore ake ekupedzisira muKyiv, kubva muna 1936 akatungamira Opera neBallet Theatre. Shevchenko. Pakati pemabasa ake akaitwa pano pane zvigadzirwa zve "Taras Bulba" naLysenko, "Shchors" naLyatoshinsky, "Perekop" naMeitus, Rybalchenko naTitsa. Rufu rusina nguva rwakabata Dranishnikov kubasa - pakarepo mushure mekutanga kweiyo opera yekupedzisira.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969.