Sonata-cyclic fomu |

Sonata-cyclic fomu - rudzi rwe cyclic fomu inobatanidza mune imwe yakazara nhevedzano yekupedzwa, inokwanisa kuzvimiririra kuvepo, asi yakabatana neyakajairwa pfungwa yemabasa. Mamiriro eS. kubatana kwezvose. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe cheS. - cf chinoita mutambo unokosha. basa, rinoburitsa rumwe rutivi rwepfungwa imwe chete. Nokudaro, kana chiitiko chikaparadzaniswa kubva kune yose, zvikamu zvaro zvinorasikirwa zvakanyanya kudarika zvikamu zvekutenderera kweimwe mhando - suite. Chikamu chekutanga cheS. - cf, sekutonga, chakanyorwa mu fomu ye sonata (saka zita).

Sonata cycle, inonziwo sonata-symphony, yakaumbwa muzana remakore rechi16-18. Yake yekare preclassical iyo samples haisati yaratidza misiyano yakajeka kubva kune suite uye mamwe marudzi ecyclic. mafomu - partitas, toccatas, concerto grosso. Vaigara vachienderana nekusiyana kwemitengo, marudzi ekufambisa kwedhipatimendi. zvikamu (saka mazita echiFrench ezvikamu zvekutenderera - kufamba - "kufamba"). Chiyero che tempo chezvikamu zviviri zvekutanga zvinononoka-kukurumidza kana (kashoma) kukurumidza-kunonoka kwaiwanzodzokororwa nekunyanya kupinza kwekusiyanisa kwavo muzvikamu zviviri zvechipiri; 3-chikamu macycles akagadzirwawo ane tempo reshiyo inokurumidza-inononoka-inokurumidza (kana inononoka-inononoka-inononoka) .

Kusiyana neiyo suite, inosanganisira Ch. arr. kubva mumitambo yekutamba, zvikamu zve sonata hazvina kuumbwa zvakananga c.-l. dance genres; fugue yaibvirawo mu sonata. Nekudaro, musiyano uyu hausi wekutonga uye haugone kushanda sechiratidzo chakarurama.

Iyo sonata cycle yakaparadzaniswa zvakajeka kubva kune yakasara ye cyclic. mafomu chete mumabasa eViennese classics uye avo vakavatangira - FE Bach, vanyori vechikoro cheMannheim. Classic sonata-symphony kutenderera kunosanganisira zvina (dzimwe nguva zvitatu kana kunyange zviviri) zvikamu; kusiyanisa akati wandei. mhando dzayo zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwevatambi. Sonata inoitirwa mumwe kana vaviri, mumimhanzi yekare uye vatatu (vatatu-sonata) vatambi, vatatu vatatu, quartet yechina, quintet yevashanu, sextet yevatanhatu, septet yevanomwe, octet yevasere. vatambi uye nezvimwe; marudzi ose aya akabatanidzwa nemafungiro emhando yekamuri, mimhanzi yekamuri. Iyo symphony inoitwa neiyo symphony. orchestra. Koniti inowanzoitirwa chiridzwa choga (kana zviridzwa zviviri kana zvitatu) zvine orchestra.

Chikamu chekutanga che sonata-symphony. cycle - sonata allegro - unyanzvi hwake hwokufananidzira. centre. Chimiro chemimhanzi yechikamu ichi chinogona kunge chakasiyana - kufara, kutamba, kunoshamisa, heroic, nezvimwewo, asi nguva dzose inoratidzirwa nekuita uye kubudirira. Mafungiro akazara anoratidzwa muchikamu chekutanga anosarudza chimiro chemanzwiro echikamu chose. Chikamu chechipiri chinononoka - lyric. centre. pakati pemutinhimira une mutinhimira, kutaura kwakabatana nekwako. ruzivo rwevanhu. Nheyo dzemhando dzechikamu ichi rwiyo, aria, chorale. Inoshandisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana. Iyo rondo ndiyo isinganyanyi kuzivikanwa, iyo sonata fomu isina budiriro, chimiro chekusiyana chakajairika. Chikamu chechitatu chinoshandura kutarisa kumifananidzo yekunze kwenyika, hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvinhu zvekutamba. Kuna J. Haydn naWA Mozart, iyi minuet. L. Beethoven, achishandisa minuet, kubva pa2nd sonata yepiyano. pamwe chete nazvo, anosuma scherzo (dzimwe nguva inowanikwawo muHaydn's quartets). Iyo scherzo, yakazadzwa nekutamba kwekutanga, inowanzosiyaniswa nekufamba kwakasimba, kusingatarisirwe switching, uye kupusa kusiyanisa. Chimiro cheminuet uye scherzo yakaoma 3-chikamu chine vatatu. Mhedziso yekutenderera, kudzorera chimiro chemimhanzi yechikamu chekutanga, kazhinji inochiburitsa mune yakajairika, yerudzi rwemhando. Kwaari, kufamba kunofadza, kusikwa kwekunyepedzera kwekuita kwemazhinji kunowanzoitika. Mafomu anowanikwa mukupedzisira nderondo, sonata, rondo-sonata, uye kusiyana.

Iyo yakatsanangurwa yakagadzirwa inogona kunzi spiral-yakavharwa. Rudzi rutsva rwepfungwa rwakatora chimiro muBeethoven's 5th symphony (1808). Mhedziso ye symphony nekukunda kwayo heroic inzwi - iyi haisi kudzoka kune chimiro chemimhanzi yekufamba kwekutanga, asi chinangwa chekuvandudzwa kwezvikamu zvose zvekutenderera. Nokudaro, kuumbwa kwakadaro kunogona kunzi kushingaira kwemutsara. Munguva yepost-Beethoven, rudzi urwu rwekutenderera rwakatanga kuita basa rinokosha. Izwi idzva rakataurwa naBeethoven mu9th symphony (1824), mukupedzisira kwaakaunza kwaya. G. Berlioz muchirongwa chake "Fantastic Symphony" (1830) ndiye akatanga kushandisa leitteme - "theme-character", kuchinjwa kwacho kunobatanidza nechirongwa chekunyora.

Mune ramangwana, akawanda ega mhinduro S.-ts. f. Pakati peakanyanya kukosha maitiro matsva ndiko kushandiswa kweiyo huru theme-refrain yakabatana neiyo embodiment yeiyo huru. arts. pfungwa neshinda dzvuku inopfuura nemudenderedzwa rose kana zvikamu zvayo (PI Tchaikovsky, 5th symphony, 1888, AN Skryabin, 3rd symphony, 1903), kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zvese kuita chimwe chinoramba chichivhurika, mukutenderera, kuita kusiyanisa-yakaumbwa fomu (iyo yakafanana Scriabin symphony).

G. Mahler anoshandisa wok zvakatowanda musymphony. kutanga (muimbi akazvimirira, kwaya), uye symphony yechisere (8) uye "Rwiyo Rwenyika" (1907) zvakanyorwa mukugadzira. iyo genre ye symphony-cantata, inoshandiswa zvakare nevamwe vanyori. P. Hindemith muna 1908 inogadzira chigadzirwa. pasi pezita rekuti "Chamber Music" yediki orchestra. Kubva panguva iyoyo, zita rekuti "mimhanzi" rinova zita reimwe yemhando dzeiyo sonata kutenderera. Rudzi rwekonsari yeorchestra, inomukazve muzana remakore rechi1921. preclassical tsika, zvakare inova imwe yemhando dzeS. - cf ("Concerto muchimiro chekare" naReger, 20, Krenek's Concerti grossi, 1912 na1921, nezvimwewo). Kune zvakare akawanda ega ega uye ekugadzira. akasiyana eiyi fomu, asingagoneki kune systematization.

References: Catuar GL, Mumhanzi fomu, chikamu 2, M., 1936; Sposobin IV, Mumhanzi fomu, M.-L., 1947, 4972, p. 138, 242-51; Livanova TN, Musical dramaturgy yeJS Bach uye nhoroondo yayo yekubatana, chikamu 1, M., 1948; Skrebkov SS, Kuongororwa kwemabasa emimhanzi, M., 1958, p. 256-58; Mazel LA, Chimiro chemabasa emimhanzi, M., 1960, p. 400-13; Chimiro chemimhanzi, (pasi pehuwandu hwehupepeti hweYu. H. Tyulin), M., 1965, p. 376-81; Reuterstein M., Pakubatana kwesonata-cyclic fomu muTchaikovsky, muna Sat. Mibvunzo yeMumhanzi Form, vol. 1, M., 1967, p. 121-50; Protopopov VV, Mitemo yemhando yemimhanzi yaBeethoven, M., 1970; yake pachake, Pane iyo sonata-cyclic fomu mumabasa eChopin, muna Sat. Mibvunzo yeMumhanzi Form, vol. 2, Moscow, 1972; Barsova I., Matambudziko echimiro muMahler's early symphonies, ibid., yake, Gustav Mahler's Symphonies, M., 1975; Simakova I. Pamubvunzo wemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze symphony genre, muna Sat. Mibvunzo yeMumhanzi Form, vol. 2, Moscow, 1972; Prout E., Applied forms, L., 1895 Sondhetmer R., Die formale Entwicklung der vorklassischen Sinfonie, “AfMw”, 1910, Jahrg. four; Neu G. von, Der Strukturwandel der zyklischen Sonatenform, “NZfM”, 232, Jahrg. 248, nhamba 1922.

VP Bobrovsky