Zdeněk Fibich |

Zdenek Fibich

Muimbi weCzech anoshamisa Z. Fibich, pamwe naB. Smetana naA. Dvorak, akaiswa zvakafanira pakati pevakatanga chikoro chenyika chevanyori. Hupenyu nebasa remunyori zvakapindirana nekusimuka kwesangano rekuda nyika muCzech Republic, kukura kwekuzviziva kwevanhu vayo, uye izvi zvakaratidzwa zvakajeka mumabasa ake. Muzivi akadzama wenhoroondo yenyika yake, ngano dzayo dzemumhanzi, Fiebich akaita mupiro wakakura mukusimudzira tsika yemimhanzi yeCzech uye kunyanya mimhanzi yemitambo.

Muimbi akaberekerwa mumhuri yemusango. Fiebich akapedza hudiki hwake ari pakati pehunhu hwakanaka hweCzech Republic. Kwehupenyu hwake hwese, akachengeta ndangariro yerunako rwake rwenhetembo uye akabatwa mubasa rake rerudo, mifananidzo yakanaka kwazvo yakabatana nenyika. Mumwe wevanhu vakadzidza zvikuru venguva yake, vane ruzivo rwakadzika uye rwakasiyana-siyana mumunda wemimhanzi, mabhuku uye uzivi, Fibich akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi unyanzvi pazera remakore 14. Akagamuchira dzidzo yemimhanzi paSmetana Music School muPrague, ipapo paLeipzig Conservatory, uye kubva muna 1868 akavandudzika somunyori, kutanga muParis uye, pane imwe nguva gare gare, muMannheim. Kubva 1871 (kunze kwemakore maviri - 1873-74, paakadzidzisa paRMS School of Music muVilnius), munyori wacho aigara muPrague. Pano akashanda sechipiri kondakita uye muimbi weProvisional Theatre, mutungamiriri wekwaya yeRussian Orthodox Church, uye aitarisira repertory chikamu cheboka re opera reNational Theatre. Kunyange zvazvo Fibich asina kudzidzisa kuzvikoro zvemimhanzi muPrague, aiva nevadzidzi vakazova vamiririri vane mukurumbira vetsika dzemimhanzi dzeCzech. Pakati pavo pane K. Kovarzovats, O. Ostrchil, 3. Nejedly. Pamusoro pezvo, basa rakakosha raFiebich pakudzidzisa kwaive kusikwa kwechikoro chekuridza piyano.

Tsika dzeGerman musical romanticism dzakaita basa rakakosha mukuumbwa kwetarenda remumhanzi raFebech. Chakanyanya kukosha kwaiva kuda kwangu mabhuku erudo echiCzech, kunyanya nhetembo dzaJ. Vrchlicki, ane mabasa akaumba hwaro hwemabasa mazhinji emunyori. Senyanzvi, Fiebich akapinda munzira yakaoma yekushanduka-shanduka. Mabasa ake makuru ekutanga e60-70s. akazadzwa nemafungiro ekuda nyika ebato rerumutsiriro renyika, zvirongwa nemifananidzo zvakakweretwa kubva munhoroondo yeCzech uye folk epos, yakazara nenzira dzinoratidza hunhu hwerwiyo rwenyika uye ngano dzekutamba. Pakati peaya mabasa, nhetembo yesymphonic Zaboy, Slavoy naLudek (1874), the patriotic opera-ballad Blanik (1877), symphonic pendi Toman uye Forest Fairy, uye Spring aive mamwe emabasa akaunza mukurumbira wemuimbi kekutanga. . Nekudaro, iyo nzvimbo yekusika iri padyo neFebe yaive mutambo wemimhanzi. Iri mairi, apo rudzi pacharwo runoda hukama hwepedyo pakati pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeunyanzvi, kuti tsika dzepamusoro, njere uye njere dzemunyori dzakawana kushandiswa kwavo. Vanyori venhoroondo dzeCzech vanocherekedza kuti, neMwenga weMessina (1883), Fibich akapfumisa opera yeCzech nenhamo yemimhanzi, iyo yakanga isina yakaenzana panguva iyoyo maererano nehunyanzvi hwayo hwekuita. Kunonoka 80s - kutanga 90-x gg. Fibich akazvipira kushanda pabasa rake rinonyanya kukosha - danho remelodrama-trilogy "Hippodamia". Yakanyorwa kune zvinyorwa zveVrchlitsky, uyo akagadzira ngano dzekare dzinozivikanwa dzechiGiriki pano mumweya wemaonero ehuzivi ekupera kwezana remakore, basa iri rine unyanzvi hwepamusoro, hunomutsidzira uye hunoratidza kushanda kwemhando yemelodrama.

Makore gumi apfuura mubasa reFebhiki akanga ane zvibereko zvikuru. Akanyora 4 operas: "Dutu" (1895), "Gedes" (1897), "Sharka" (1897) uye "Kuwa kweArcana" (1899). Zvisinei, chisikwa chinonyanya kukosha chenguva iyi chaive chinyorwa chakasarudzika chepasi rose mabhuku epiyano - kutenderera kwe376 zvidimbu zvepiyano "Moods, Impressions and Memories". Nhoroondo yekwakabva kwakabatana nezita raAnezka Schulz, mudzimai wemunyori. Kutenderera uku, kwakadanwa naZ. Nejedly “Fiebich’s love diary”, harina kungove ratidziro yemanzwiro emunyori akadzama uye epedyo, asi yaive mhando yerabhoritari yekusika iyo yaakatora zvinhu zveakawanda emabasa ake. Mifananidzo mipfupi yekutenderera yakadzokororwa nenzira yakasarudzika muChechipiri neTatu Symphonies uye yakawana kutya kwakanyanya musymphonic idyll Asati Asvika Manheru. Kunyorwa kweviolin kwechinyorwa ichi, chaive nemukurumbira wekuCzech violinist J. Kubelik, chakazozivikanwa zvakanyanya pasi pezita rekuti "Nhetembo".

I. Vetlitsyna