Contradiction |

German Gegenstimme, Gegensatz, Kontrasubjekt - zvinopesana; izwi rekupedzisira rinogona kureva dingindira rechipiri refugue

1) Counterpoint kune yekutanga mhinduro mune fugue, nezvimwe. zvimiro zvekutevedzera, kurira panoperera dingindira nezwi rimwechete. Kutevera dingindira uye P. zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvakasiyana. nyaya: a) P. kuenderera mberi kwakananga kwedingindira, richiritevera pasina kumira kwakanyatso nzwikwa, caesura, zvisinei nekuti zvinogoneka kumisa nemazvo nguva yekupedzwa kwedingindira (semuenzaniso, muC-dur fugue kubva vol. 1 "Iye Ane Hasha Clavier" naI. C. Bach) kana kwete (semuenzaniso, mune 1st exposition, op. fugues muC minor op. 101 No 3 Glazunov); b) P. akaparadzaniswa kubva padingindira necaesura, cadenza, iyo iri pachena kunzeve (somuenzaniso, muh-moll fugue kubva t. 1 yeiyo Bach kutenderera), dzimwe nguva kunyangwe nekumbomira kwakawedzera (semuenzaniso, muD-dur fugue kubva fp. cycle "24 Preludes and Fugues" naShchedrin); uyezve, mune dzimwe nguva, musoro uye P. yakabatana neboka, kana codette (somuenzaniso, muEs-dur fugue kubva kune inonzi. 1 Bach kutenderera). AP inogona kutanga panguva imwe chete. nemhinduro (nguva zhinji; semuenzaniso, muA-dur fugue kubva Vol. 2 Akanyatso Hasha Clavier naBach; mucis-moll fugue kubva muvol. 1, kutanga kwemhinduro kunoenderana neruzha rwekutanga rweP., iyo panguva imwechete iyo inzwi rekupedzisira redingindira), mushure mekutanga kwemhinduro (somuenzaniso, muE-dur fugue kubva t. 1 yeBach cycle yakataurwa - 4 quarters mushure me stretto kupinda kwemhinduro), dzimwe nguva isati yapinda mhinduro (somuenzaniso, muCis-dur fugue kubva vol. 1 yeBach's Well-Tempered Clavier - mana gumi nematanhatu pamberi pemhinduro). Mune akanakisa polyphonic samples dzeP. inogutsa mamiriro ezvinhu anopokana: inosimuka, inoita kuti izwi rinouya rive rakatanhamara, asi risingarasikirwe nemhando yaro yekurira. hunhu, hunopesana nemhinduro (kunyanya rhythmically), kunyangwe kazhinji isina kuzvimiririra zvachose. thematic. zvinhu. P., sekutonga, inonzwika melodic. kuenderera mberi kwedingindira uye muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinoenderana nekusimudzira, kushandurwa kwezvinangwa zvaro. Shanduko yakadaro inogona kunyatso siyana uye pachena: semuenzaniso, mune g-moll fugue kubva vol. 1 yeBach's Well-Tempered Clavier, vavariro yekutanga yemhinduro inopikiswa nechikamu cheP., chakaumbwa kubva kucadenza kutendeuka kwedingindira, uye, neimwe nzira, cadence chikamu chemhinduro chinopikiswa nevamwe. chikamu P., zvichibva pachinhu chekutanga chedingindira. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvekutsamira P. kubva muzvinyorwa zvedingindira rinozviratidza zvisina kunanga: semuenzaniso, mu c-moll fugue kubva vol. 1 yeiyo imwechete Op. Baha P. inokura kubva mumutsara wereferensi weiyo theme (kufamba kudzika kubva pachinhanho chechiXNUMX kusvika kune yechiXNUMX, inogadzirwa nemanzwi anowira pane yakasimba uye ine simba mabhiti ebhari). Dzimwe nguva muP. munyori anochengetedza kufamba kwecodette (somuenzaniso, mune fugue kubva kuBach's Chromatic Fantasy uye Fugue). Mune fugues kana mafomu ekutevedzera akanyorwa pahwaro hwemisimboti yedodecaphony, kubatana uye kutsamira kwezvinhu zvedingindira uye P. zviri nyore kupihwa nekushandiswa muP. dzimwe sarudzo. mutsara. Semuenzaniso, mune fugue kubva kumagumo eKaraev's 3rd symphony, yekutanga (ona. nhamba 6) uye yechipiri (nhamba 7, kupikisa-kuratidzwa kwefugue) yakachengetwa naP. ari gadziridzo dzenhevedzano. Pamwe chete nemhando yakaratidzwa yerwiyo, kuwirirana kwedingindira uye P. kune P., yakavakirwa pane imwe nyowani (semuenzaniso, mune f-moll fugue kubva kune inonzi. 1 yeBach's Well-Tempered Clavier), uye dzimwe nguva mukusiyanisa zvinhu zvine chekuita nedingindira (semuenzaniso, mune fugue kubva ku sonata C-dur ye solo violin naI. C. Bach; pano pasi pesimba raP. imwe chromaticized mhinduro kune diatonic. musoro). Iyi mhando yeP. - ceteris paribus - dzinowanzoparadzaniswa kubva padingindira necadenza uye dzinowanzova chinhu chitsva chinoshingaira muchimiro chefugue. Hongu, P. chinhu chinokura uye chakakosha chimiro chechimiro mugis-moll kaviri fugue kubva Vol. 2 yeBach's Well-Tempered Clavier, apo dingindira rechipiri rinonzwika serwiyo rwakatorwa kubva kuna P. kusvika kuchinyorwa chekutanga, semhedzisiro yehurefu. polyphonic. kubudirira. Pane zviitiko zvinowanzoitika apo, pane zvinyorwa zveP. fugue interludes inovakwa, iyo inowedzera basa reP. muchimiro zvinonyanya kukosha izvi zvinopindirana. Semuenzaniso, mune c-moll fugue kubva vol. 1 kutenderera kweBach inopindirana pane izvo zviri zviviri P. vane polyphonic. options; mu d-moll fugue kubva kuvhoriyamu imwechete, kuendeswa kwezvinhu zvemukati uye dingindira kubva kukiyi yeanotonga (mumabhawa 15-21) kune kiyi huru (kubva kubha 36) inogadzira sonata ratios muchimiro. . AP mune fugue kubva kune suite "The Tomb of Couperin" inoshandiswa naM. Ravel iri padanho rakaenzana nedingindira: pahwaro hwayo, mapindiro anovakwa pachishandiswa chikumbiro, P. form strets. Maari. mune zvemimhanzi, mazwi anoti Gegensatz, Kontrasubjekt anoreva Ch. arr. P., yakachengetedzwa (yakazara kana muchikamu) panguva yese kana yakawanda yekushandiswa kwedingindira (mune dzimwe nguva, kwete kusabvisa kunyange stretto - ona, semuenzaniso, kudzokorora kwefugue kubva op. quintet g-moll Shostakovich, nhamba 35, apo dingindira uye P. gadzira 4-chinangwa. kanoni kaviri yechikamu chechipiri). Zvakafanana P. inonzi yakachengetwa, inogara ichisangana nemamiriro epikisi kaviri ine dingindira (mune mamwe mabhuku ekare epolyphony, semuenzaniso. mubhuku rezvidzidzo G. Bellermann, fugues akachengetwa P. zvinotsanangurwa sembiri, izvo zvisingaenderane neinogamuchirwa temu izwi). Mune fugues neakachengetwa P. kazhinji, mamwe haanyanyi kushandiswa. contrapuntal means. kugadziriswa kwezvinhu, sezvo kutarisa kunoendeswa kune ch. arr. ye systematist. kuratidza sarudzo dzehukama pakati pechinyorwa neP., zvinova zvinoburitsa. chirevo cheiyi nzira yakapararira yekunyora (muBach's Well-Tempered Clavier, semuenzaniso, inenge hafu yemafugues ine yakachengetwa P.); saka, ruzha runopenya rwekwaya 5-chinangwa. fugue "Et in terra pax" Nhamba 4 muna Gloria kubva kuhuwandu hweBach mu-h-moll inowanikwa zvakanyanya nekudzokororwa kwekubatanidza kwedingindira uye izvo zvakachengetwa naP. Extraordinary contrapuntal. fugues ane maviri anosiyana mukuzara (semuenzaniso, fugues c-moll uye h-moll kubva kune inodaidzwa. 1 yeBach's Well-Tempered Clavier, Shostakovich's Fugue muC-dur) uye kunyanya nevatatu vakachengeta P.

2) Mupfungwa yakakura, P. ipikicha kune chero kuratidzwa kwedingindira mumhando dzekutevedzera; kubva pakuona uku, P. inogona kunzi counterpoint kune 2nd theme muchirevo cheMyaskovsky's 21st symphony (ona mufananidzo 1); munzvimbo imwe chete (nhamba 3) P. kusvika kumusoro wekutanga ndiwo manzwi epamusoro, achigadzira chinangwa chechipiri. canon mune octave ine tertian doublings. Pamusoro pezvo, P. dzimwe nguva inodaidzwa kuti chero izwi rinopesana nerimwe, rine mutsindo. Mupfungwa iyi, izwi rokuti "P." pedyo neimwe yezvinoreva pfungwa ye "counterpoint" (somuenzaniso, kuratidzwa kwekutanga kwechinyorwa murwiyo rwekutanga rweVedenets muenzi kubva ku opera "Sadko" naRimsky-Korsakov).

References: ona pasi peArt. Fugue.

VP Frayonov