Samuil Feinberg |

Samuel Feinberg

Aesthetic maonesheni kubva mubhuku rakaverengwa, mimhanzi yakanzwa, yakaonekwa mufananidzo inogona kugara ichivandudzwa. Zvinhu zvacho pachazvo zvinowanzova kwauri. Asi mirangariro chaiyo yokuita zvakazarurwa zvishoma nezvishoma, nekufamba kwenguva, inopera mundangariro dzedu. Uye zvakadaro, misangano yakanyatsojeka nevatenzi vakatanhamara, uye zvinonyanya kukosha, vaturikiri vepakutanga, kwenguva yakareba vanocheka mukuziva kwemweya wemunhu. Maonero akadai anosanganisira kusangana neFeinberg's pianistic art. Mirangariro yake, dudziro dzake dzakanga dzisingakodzeri mugadziriro ipi neipi, muzvinyorwa zvipi nezvipi; akanzwa mimhanzi nenzira yake - mutsara wega wega, nenzira yake pachake akaziva chimiro chebasa, chimiro chayo chose. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa kunyange nhasi nokuenzanisa zvakarekodhwa naFeinberg nokuridza kwevamwe vaimbi vakuru.

Chiitiko chekonzati chemuimbi chakatora makore anopfuura makumi mana. Muscovites akamuteerera kekupedzisira muna 1956. Uye Feinberg akazvizivisa pachake muimbi mukuru pakupera kweMoscow Conservatory (1911). Mudzidzi weAB Goldenweiser akaunza kune komiti yebvunzo, mukuwedzera kuchirongwa chikuru (Prelude, chorale uye fugue yaFranck, Rachmaninoff's Third Concerto nemamwe mabasa), ese makumi mana nemasere ekutanga uye fugues yeBach's Well-Tempered Clavier.

Kubva ipapo, Feinberg akapa mazana emakonzati. Asi pakati pavo, kuita pachikoro chemasango muSokolniki kunotora nzvimbo yakakosha. Zvakaitika muna 1919. VI Lenin akauya kuzoshanyira vakomana. Pakukumbira kwake, Feinberg akabva aridza Chopin's Prelude muD flat major. Muridzi wepiyano akayeuka kuti: “Munhu wose akava nemufaro wekutora chikamu mukonzati diki nepese pavaigona napo hapana zvaaigona kuita kunze kwekuratidzwa rudo runoshamisa uye runopenya rwehupenyu hwaVladimir Ilyich ... kumuimbi ari wose, apo unoratidzika kuva unonzwa mumuviri kuti inzwi riri rose rinowana mhinduro yomutsa, yokunzwira tsitsi kubva kuvateereri.

Muimbi ane maonero akakura uye tsika huru, Feinberg akatarisisa kuumbwa. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvake pane makonsati matatu uye gumi nembiri sonatas yepiyano, madiki ezwi akavakirwa panhetembo dzaPushkin, Lermontov, Blok. Zvekukosha kukuru kwehunyanzvi zvinyorwa zvaFeinberg, kunyanya zvemabasa aBach, ayo anosanganisirwa mune repertoire yevakawanda vepiyano emakonsati. Akazvipira simba rakawanda kune pedagogy, ari purofesa paMoscow Conservatory kubvira 1922. (Muna 1940 akapiwa dhigirii reDhigirii reBudiriro). Pakati pevadzidzi vake vaiva konzati artists nevadzidzisi I. Aptekarev, N. Emelyanova, V. Merzhanov, V. Petrovskaya, L. Zyuzin, Z. Ignatieva, V. Natanson, A. Sobolev, M. Yeshchenko, L. Roshchina nevamwe . Kunyange zvakadaro, akapinda munhoroondo yeSoviet musical art, kutanga kune zvose, semuongorori wepiyano.

Mavambo emanzwiro uye enjere aive neimwe nzira akanyatso kupindirana mumimhanzi yake yekuona nyika. Purofesa VA Natanson, mudzidzi weFeinberg, anosimbisa, kuti: “Mutariri anonzwisisa, akaisa ukoshi hukuru kumurangariro wakananga, wemirangariro wenziyo. Aive nemafungiro asina kunaka kune chero nemaune "kutungamira" nekududzira, kune manuances ari kure. Akanyatsobatanidza intuition uye njere. Zvakadai zvekuita senge dynamics, agogics, kutaura, kugadzirwa kwezwi kwagara kwakanyatso kurongeka. Kunyange mashoko akadzimwa akadai se“kuverenga chinyorwa” akava ane revo: “akaona” mimhanzi yacho zvinoshamisa zvikuru. Dzimwe nguva zvaiita sokuti akanga akamanikana pabasa rimwe chete. Kungwara kwake kwehunyanzvi kwakakwevera kune yakafara stylistic generalizations.

Kubva pakuona kwekupedzisira, repertoire yake, iyo yakaumbwa nezvikamu zvakakura, ine unhu. Imwe yehukuru mimhanzi yeBach: 48 preludes uye fugues, pamwe neakawanda ezvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvemunyori mukuru. “Kuita kwake Bach,” vakanyora kudaro vadzidzi vaFeinberg muna 1960, “kwakakodzera fundo chaiyo. Achishanda hupenyu hwake hwese hwekusika paBach's polyphony, Feinberg semuiti akawana mhedzisiro yakakwira munzvimbo ino, kukosha kwayo, pamwe, kusati kwanyatso kuburitswa. Mukuita kwake, Feinberg haambo "kudzoreredza" fomu, haa "yemura" ruzivo. Kududzirwa kwaro kunobva pane zvinorehwa nebasa racho. Ane hunyanzvi hwekuumba. Chirevo chemupiyano chakajeka, chinobhururuka chinoumba, sokunge zvakadaro, mufananidzo wemifananidzo. Kubatanidza zvimwe zvikamu, kusimbisa vamwe, kusimbisa plastiki yekutaura kwemimhanzi, anowana kutendeseka kunoshamisa kwekuita.

Nzira ye "cyclical" inotsanangura maitiro aFeinberg kuna Beethoven naScriabin. Chimwe chezviitiko zvisingakanganwiki zvehupenyu hwekonzati yeMoscow kutamba piano kwemakumi matatu nembiri Beethoven sonatas. Kare muna 1925 akaridza ese gumi eScriabin's sonatas. Muchokwadi, iye zvakare pasi rose akaziva mabasa makuru eChopin, Schumann nevamwe vanyori. Uye nokuda kwomunyori mumwe nomumwe waakaita, aikwanisa kuwana kona chaiyo yemaonero, dzimwe nguva achipesana negamuchidzanwa rinogamuchirwa. Mupfungwa iyi, kucherechedza kwaAB Goldenweiser kunoratidza: “Hazvisi nguva dzose zvinogoneka kubvumirana nezvose zviri mududziro yaFeinberg: maitiro ake ekumhanya zvinokatyamadza, mavambo emakesura ake – zvose izvi dzimwe nguva zvinopikisa; zvisinei, unyanzvi hunoshamisa hwomuimbi wepiyano, unhu hwake hunoshamisa, uye kutaurwa kwokutanga kwokuda kwakasimba kunoita kuti mutambo wacho ugutsikane uye ugokwezva nokusazvidira kunyange muteereri asingafariri.”

Feinberg aifarira zvikuru mimhanzi yevaairarama navo. Saka, akaunza vateereri kune zvitsva zvinonakidza naN. Myaskovsky, AN Alexandrov, kekutanga muUSSR akaita Yechitatu Piano Concerto naS. Prokofiev; Sezvingatarisirwa, aive muturikiri akanaka kwazvo wezvinyorwa zvake zvakare. Mavambo ekufunga kwekufananidzira ari muFeinberg haana kutengesa mugadziri mukududzirwa kwemaopus emazuva ano. Uye pianism yaFeinberg pachayo yakaratidzirwa nehunhu hwakakosha. Purofesa AA Nikolaev akakwevera ngwariro kuizvi: “Maitiro ounyanzvi hwokuridza piyano hwaFeinberg anoshamisawo—mafambiro eminwe yake, asingamborovi, uye sokunge ari kupuruzira makiyi, ruzha rwakajeka uye dzimwe nguva rwakapfava rwechiridzwa, kusiyana kwemanzwi; kunaka kwe rhythmic pattern."

... Pane imwe nguva mutambi wepiyano akati: “Ndinofunga kuti muimbi chaiye anonyanya kuzivikanwa neinongedzero chaiyo, yaanokwanisa kuita, kugadzira mufananidzo unonzwika.” Coefficient yaFeinberg yaive yakakura.

Lit. cit.: Pianism sehunyanzvi. – M., 1969; Hunyanzvi hwekuridza piyano. -M., 1978.

Lit.: SE Feinberg. Muridzi wepiyano. Munyori. Mutsvakurudzi. -M., 1984.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek