John Munda (Munda) |

John Munda

Kunyange zvazvo ndisina kumbomunzwa kakawanda, ndichiri kuyeuka kutamba kwake kwakasimba, kwakapfava uye kwakajeka. Zvaiita sokuti akanga asiri iye akarova makiyi, asi minwe pachayo yakawira paari, samadonhwe makuru emvura, uye akapararira samaparera pavelvet. M. Glinka

Muimbi wenziyo weIrish ane mukurumbira, piano uye mudzidzisi J. Field akabatanidza magumo ake netsika yemimhanzi yeRussia uye akaita mupiro wakakura mukukura kwayo. Munda akaberekerwa mumhuri yevaimbi. Akagamuchira dzidzo yake yekutanga yemimhanzi kubva kumuimbi, harpsichordist uye munyori wenziyo T. Giordani. Pazera ramakore gumi, mumwe mukomana ane tarenda akataura pachena kwenguva yokutanga muupenyu hwake. Atamira kuLondon (1792), akazova mudzidzi waM. Clementi, shasha yekuridza piyano uye munyori wenziyo, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga ava mugadziri wepiyano anoshamisira. Munguva yeLondon yehupenyu hwake, Munda akaratidzira zviridzwa muchitoro chaClementi, akatanga kupa makonzati, uye akaperekedza mudzidzisi wake kune dzimwe nyika. Muna 1799, Munda akaita kekutanga kekutanga Piano Concerto yake, iyo yakamuunzira mukurumbira. Mumakore iwayo, mitambo yake yakabudirira kuitirwa muLondon, Paris, Vienna. Mutsamba yakanyorerwa muparidzi wemimhanzi uye mugadziri I. Pleyel, Clementi akakurudzira Munda senyanzvi inovimbisa iyo yakanga yava favourite yeruzhinji munyika yekwake nekuda kwekuimba kwake uye hunyanzvi hwekuita.

1802 ndiyo inonyanya kukosha muhupenyu hweMunda: pamwe chete nemudzidzisi wake, anouya kuRussia. MuSt. Petersburg, muimbi wechidiki, nekuridza kwake kunoshamisa, anoshambadza kunaka kwepiyano yeClementi, anoita nekubudirira kukuru mumasaroni epamusoro, uye anojairana nehunyanzvi hwekuimba hweRussia. Zvishoma nezvishoma, anotanga chido chekugara muRussia nokusingaperi. Basa guru muchisarudzo ichi zvichida rakaitwa nekuti akagamuchirwa noushamwari neruzhinji rweRussia.

Hupenyu hweMunda muRussia hwakabatana nemaguta maviri - St. Petersburg neMoscow. Apa ndipo pakaitika basa rake rekunyora, kuita uye rekudzidzisa. Munda ndiye munyori we7 piano concertos, 4 sonatas, angangoita 20 nocturnes, mutsauko kutenderera (kusanganisira pamitauro yeRussia), polonaise yepiyano. Muimbi akanyorawo arias uye dzerudo, 2 divertissements yepiyano uye tambo zviridzwa, piano quintet.

Munda wakava muvambi wemhando itsva yemimhanzi - the nocturne, iyo yakabva yagamuchira kubudirira kwakajeka mubasa raF. Chopin, pamwe chete nenhamba yevamwe vanyori. Kubudirira kweFinda munzvimbo iyi, hutsva hwake hwakakosheswa zvikuru naF. Liszt: "Pamberi peMunda, piano inoshanda yaifanira kunge iri sonatas, rondos, nezvimwewo. Munda akaunza rudzi rwakanga rusiri rwechimwe chezvikamu izvi, rudzi; umo manzwiro uye mutinhimira zvine simba guru uye zvinofamba zvakasununguka, zvisina kusungwa nengetani dzemhando dzechisimba. Akagadzirira nzira yezvinyorwa zvese zvakazobuda pasi pemusoro wekuti "Nziyo dzisina Mazwi", "Impromptu", "Ballads", nezvimwewo, uye aive tateguru wemitambo iyi, yaida kuratidza zviitiko zvemukati uye zvemunhu. Akavhura nzvimbo idzi, dzaipa fungidziro yakanatswa pane hukuru, yekufemerwa pane kupfava pane lyrical, senge nyowani semunda wakasarudzika.

Munda wekugadzira uye kuita maitiro anosiyaniswa nekunakidza uye kuburitsa kweruzha, lyricism uye zverudo sensuality, improvisation uye sophistication. Kuimba papiyano - chimwe chezvakakosha zvematambiro eMunda - kwaifadza zvikuru kuna Glinka nevamwe vaimbi veRussia vakatanhamara nevanoziva mimhanzi. Runako rweMunda rwakanga rwakafanana nerwiyo rwechiRussia. Glinka, achienzanisa matambiro aiita Field neavamwe vairidza piyano vane mukurumbira, akanyora muZapiski kuti “Kutamba kweField kwaigara kwakashinga, kusingatarisirwi uye kwakasiyana-siyana, asi haana kushatisa hunyanzvi nehunyanzvi uye haana kucheka neminwe yake. cutletssezvakaita vazhinji vezvidhakwa zvitsva zvemazuva ano.”

Mupiro weMunda mudzidzo yevadiki vekuRussia vanoridza piyano, vese nyanzvi uye maamateurs, yakakosha. Mabasa ake okudzidzisa akanga akakura zvikuru. Munda mudzidzisi anodiwa uye anoremekedzwa mumhuri dzakawanda dzinokudzwa. Akadzidzisa vaimbi vakakurumbira vakadai saA. Verstovsky, A. Gurilev, A. Dubuc, Ant. Kontsky. Glinka akatora zvidzidzo zvakawanda kubva kuMunda. V. Odoevsky akadzidza naye. Muhafu yekutanga ye30s. Munda akaita rwendo rwakakura kuEngland, France, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, akakosheswa zvikuru nevanoongorora uye veruzhinji. Pakupera kwa1836, konzati yekupedzisira yeMunda atorwara zvakanyanya yakaitika muMoscow, uye pasina nguva muimbi anoshamisa akafa.

Zita remunda nebasa zvinotora nzvimbo inoremekedzwa uye inoremekedzwa munhoroondo yemimhanzi yeRussia. Basa rake rekunyora, kuita uye pedagogical rakabatsira mukuumbwa uye kukura kwepiyano yeRussia, yakagadzira nzira yekubuda kwevanoverengeka vakatanhamara vekuRussia vaimbi nevaimbi.

A. Nazarov