Angiolina Bosio (Angiolina Bosio) |

Angiolina Bosio

Angiolina Bosio haana kunyange kurarama makore makumi matatu munyika. Basa rake reunyanzvi rakatora makore gumi nematatu chete. Mumwe aifanira kuva netarenda rakajeka kuti asiye chiratidzo chisingadzimiki pandangariro dzevanhu venguva iyoyo, ane rupo zvikuru nematarenda ezwi! Pakati pevanoyemura muimbi weItaly ndiSerov, Tchaikovsky, Odoevsky, Nekrasov, Chernyshevsky ...

Angiolina Bosio akaberekwa musi waAugust 28, 1830 muguta reItaly reTurin, mumhuri yemutambi. Atova nemakore gumi, akatanga kudzidza kuimba muMilan, pamwe Venceslao Cattaneo.

Kutanga kwemuimbi kwakaitika muna Chikunguru 1846 paRoyal Theatre muMilan, kwaakaita basa raLucrezia muVerdi's opera "The Two Foscari".

Kusiyana nevakawanda venguva yake, Bosio akanakidzwa zvakanyanya nemukurumbira kunze kwenyika kupfuura kumba. Rwendo rwakadzokororwa rweEurope uye mitambo muUnited States zvakamuita kuti azivikanwe pasi rose, zvakamuisa nekukurumidza zvakanyanya pachiyero nevatambi vepamusoro venguva iyoyo.

Bosio akaimba muVerona, Madrid, Copenhagen, New York, Paris. Vatsigiri veVocal vakagamuchira muimbi uyu neushamwari pachikuva cheLondon's Covent Garden Theatre. Chinhu chikuru muunyanzvi hwake mimhanzi yechokwadi, hukuru hwemashoko, hunyengeri hwemavara etimbre, mukati memukati. Zvichida, zvinhu izvi, uye kwete simba rezwi rake, zvakakwezva kuwedzera kwevadi vemimhanzi yeRussia kwaari. Yaiva muRussia, iyo yakava nyika yechipiri yemuimbi, iyo Bosio yakakunda rudo runokosha kubva kune vateereri.

Bosio akatanga kuuya kuSt. Petersburg muna 1853, atova pakakwirira pemukurumbira wake. Sezvo aita debut yake muSt. Petersburg muna 1855, akaimba kwemwaka mina yakatevedzana pachikuva cheItalian Opera uye nekuita kutsva kwega kwega akakunda nhamba inowedzera yevateveri. Repertoire yemuimbi yakafara zvakanyanya, asi mabasa aRossini naVerdi akatora nzvimbo yepakati mairi. Ndiye wekutanga Violetta padanho reRussia, akaimba mabasa aGilda, Leonora, Louise Miller muVerdi's opera, Semiramide mu opera yezita rimwe chetero, the Countess mu opera "Count Ori" naRosina muRossini's "The Barber. weSeville”, Zerlina mu“Don Giovanni” uye Zerlina mu” Fra Diavolo, Elvira muThe Puritans, the Countess muThe Count Ory, Lady Henrietta munaKurume.

Panyaya yezinga reunyanzvi hwezwi, kudzika kwekupinda munyika yemweya yemufananidzo, mumhanzi wepamusoro weBosio waiva wevaimbi vakuru venguva iyoyo. Hunhu hwake hwekusika hauna kuburitswa pakarepo. Pakutanga, vateereri vakayemura unyanzvi hunoshamisa uye inzwi - rwiyo rwemhanzi soprano. Ipapo vakakwanisa kukoshesa pfuma yakakosha yetarenda rake - yakafuridzirwa nhetembo lyricism, iyo yakazviratidza muzvisikwa zvake zvakanakisisa - Violetta muLa Traviata. Iyo yekutanga saGilda muVerdi's Rigoletto yakakwaziswa nemvumo, asi pasina kushingairira kukuru. Pakati pemhinduro dzekutanga mupepanhau, maonero aRostislav (F. Tolstoy) muThe Northern Bee ndiwo hunhu: “Izwi raBosio isoprano chaiyo, inonakidza zvisingaite, kunyanya mumanzwi ari pakati nepakati ... bhuku repamusoro rakajeka, rechokwadi, kunyangwe risiri yakasimba kwazvo, asi ine chipo chehumwe hunhu, kwete husina kutaura. Zvisinei, munyori wechikamu chepepanhau Raevsky nokukurumidza anoti: “Bozio yokutanga yakatanga kubudirira, asi akazofarirwa nevoruzhinji pashure pokunge aita chikamu chaLeonora muIl trovatore, chakatanga kuoneswa kuruzhinji rweSt.

Rostislav akatiwo: “Iye akanga asingadi kushamisa kana kuti, panzvimbo pezvo, kushamisa vateereri kubvira kekutanga nenzwi rakaomarara, ndima dzinoshamisa zvikuru kana dzokunyepedzera. Pane kudaro, nokuti ... kutanga kwake, akasarudza basa rine mwero raGilda ("Rigoletto"), umo manzwi ake, pamwero wepamusoro-soro, haana kukwanisa kubuda zvachose. Achiona zvishoma nezvishoma, Bosio akaoneka neimwe nzira muThe Puritans, Don Pasquale, Il trovatore, The Barber of Seville uye The North Star. Kubva pakuita nemaune uku pakava nekumwe kunoshamisa mukubudirira kwaBosio ... Tsitsi kwaari dzakakura nekukudziridzwa ... nemutambo mutsva wega wega, hupfumi hwake hwetarenda hwaiita sehusingapere ... Mushure mechikamu chakanaka chaNorina ... maonero eruzhinji akamupa prima donna yedu korona yemezzo. -Zvikamu zveunhu… Asi Bosio akaonekwa mu “Troubadour”, uye masahwira akakanganisika, vachiteerera kuereketa kwake kwechisikigo. "Zvakadini ...," vakadaro, "taitenda kuti mutambo wakadzama waisasvikika kune yedu yakanaka prima donna."

Zvakaoma kuwana mazwi ekutsanangura zvakaitika muna Gumiguru 20, 1856, apo Angiolina akaita chikamu cheVioletta kekutanga muLa Traviata. General kupenga kwakakurumidza kushanduka kuva rudo rwakakurumbira. Basa raVioletta rakanga riri kubudirira kwepamusoro kweBosio. Rave wongororo dzaive dzisingaperi. Kunyanya kucherechedzwa yaive inoshamisa inoshamisa hunyanzvi uye kupinda uko muimbi akapedza chiitiko chekupedzisira.

"Wakambonzwa Bosio muLa Traviata? Kana zvisina kudaro, saka nenzira dzose enda uye uteerere, uye kekutanga, pakarepo kana opera iyi yapiwa, nokuti, zvisinei kuti iwe unoziva sei muchidimbu tarenda remuimbi uyu, pasina La Traviata waunozivana naye achave ari pamusoro. Kupfuma kwaBosio semuimbi uye muimbi anoshamisa haaratidzirwe mune chero opera mukupenya kwakadai. Pano, kunzwira tsitsi kwezwi, kutendeseka uye nyasha dzekuimba, kuita kwakanaka uye kwakangwara, mushoko, zvese zvinoumba runako rwekuita, kuburikidza iyo Bosio akabata iyo isingaverengeki uye inenge isina kupatsanurwa nyasha dzeSt. Petersburg paruzhinji - zvese zvakawana kushandiswa kwakanakisa mune itsva opera. "Bosio chete muLa Traviata ndiye ave kutaurwa nezvake ... Inzwi rakadii, kuimba kwakadini. Hatina chatinoziva zviri nani muSt. Petersburg panguva ino.”

Zvinonakidza kuti aive Bosio akakurudzira Turgenev kuti aite chiitiko chinoshamisa mubhuku rinonzi "On the Eve", apo Insarov naElena varipo muVenice pakuitwa kwe "La Traviata": "Dhivha yakatanga, nhamba yakanakisisa ye opera, umo munyori akakwanisa kuratidza kuzvidemba kwese kwevechidiki vakarasika, kurwisa kwekupedzisira rudo rusina simba uye rusina simba. Akatakurwa, akatakurwa nemweya wekunzwira tsitsi, nemisodzi yemufaro wehunyanzvi uye kutambura chaiko mumaziso ake, muimbi akazvipira kune masaisai aisimuka, chiso chake chakashanduka, uye pamberi pemweya unotyisa ... werufu, aine munamato wekumhanya kudaro uchisvika kudenga, mashoko akabuda maari: “Lasciami vivere … morire si giovane!” (“Regai ndirarame… kufa ndichiri mudiki!”), zvekuti nhandare yese yakarova maoko nekuchema zvine simba.

Mifananidzo yepamusoro-soro - Gilda, Violetta, Leonora uye kunyange ma heroine anofara: mifananidzo - ... heroines - Bosio akapa kubata kwekufunga, kudetemba kusuruvara. “Mukuimba uku mune imwe nzwimbo yekunyomba. Iyi nhevedzano yemanzwi anodurura mukati memweya wako chaimo, uye isu tinobvumirana zvizere nemumwe wevadi vemimhanzi akataura kuti kana iwe ukateerera Bosio, imwe mhando yekuchema yekuchema inorwadza moyo wako. Chokwadi, akadaro Bosio saGilda. Chii, semuenzaniso, chingave chakanyanya kufefeterwa uye chinoyevedza, chakazara nenhetembo yeruvara rweiyo trill iyo Bosio akagumisa aria yake yeAction II uye iyo, kutanga forte, zvishoma nezvishoma inopera simba uye pakupedzisira inotonhora mumhepo. Uye nhamba yega yega, chirevo chega chega chaBosio chakatorwa nehunhu huviri humwe chete - hudzamu hwekunzwa nenyasha, hunhu hunoumba chinhu chikuru chekuita kwake ... Kupfava kwakanaka uye kutendeseka - ndizvo zvaanonyanya kuvavarira. Vachiyemura kuita kwakanaka kwenhengo dzenzwi dzakaoma zvikuru, vatsoropodzi vakaonesa kuti “muhunhu hwaBosio, chinhu chokunzwa chinokunda. Manzwiro ndiwo runako rukuru rwekuimba kwake – runako, kusvika parunako… Vateereri vanoteerera kuimba kunofefetedza, kusiri kwepasi uye vanotya kutaura noti imwe chete.

Bosio akagadzira girazi rose remifananidzo yevasikana vechidiki nevakadzi, vasingafari uye vanofara, kutambura uye kufara, kufa, kufara, kuda uye kudiwa. AA Gozenpud anoti: “Dingindira repakati rebasa raBosio rinogona kuzivikanwa nemusoro wezwi raSchumann, Rudo uye Hupenyu hwemukadzi. Akataura nesimba rakaenzana kutya kwemusikana mudiki pamberi pemanzwiro asingazivikanwi uye kudhakwa kwechido, kutambura kwemoyo unotambudzwa uye kukunda kwerudo. Sezvatotaurwa, dingindira iri rakanyanya kunyudzwa muchikamu cheVioletta. Kuita kwaBosio kwaive kwakakwana zvekuti kunyangwe maartist akadai saPatti aisakwanisa kumubvisa mundangariro dzevenguva yake. Odoevsky naTchaikovsky vaikoshesa zvikuru Bosio. Kana muoni wepamusoro akabatwa muunyanzvi hwake nenyasha, kupenya, hunhu, kugona kwehunyanzvi, ipapo muoni we raznochinny akabatwa nekupinda, kutya, kudziya kwekunzwa uye kutendeseka kwekuita. Bosio aifarira kukurumbira uye rudo munharaunda yedemocracy; kazhinji uye akazvipira kuita mumakonzati, iyo muunganidzwa wakagamuchirwa mukufarira "vasina kukwana" vadzidzi.

Vaongorori vakabvumirana vakanyora kuti nekuita kwega kwega, kuimba kwaBosio kunowedzera kukwana. “Inzwi remuimbi wedu anoyemurika, ane runako razova, rinoita, rakasimba, nyoro”; kana kuti: “… Inzwi raBosio rakaramba richiwedzera simba, sezvo kubudirira kwake kwaisimba … inzwi rake rakawedzera kukwira.”

Asi mukutanga kwechirimo cha1859, akabatwa nechando mune rumwe rwendo rwake. Musi waApril 9, muimbi wacho akafa nemabayo. Mamiriro akashata aBosio akaonekwa zvakare uye zvakare pamberi pekusika kweOsip Mandelstam:

“Maminiti mashomanana kurwadza kusati kwatanga, ngoro yemoto yakatinhira ichitevedza Nevsky. Wese munhu akasuduruka akananga kumahwindo akamisikidzwa, uye Angiolina Bosio, chizvarwa chePiedmont, mwanasikana wemurombo anofamba anoseka - basso comico - akasiiwa kwechinguva ari oga.

... Nyasha dzehondo dzejongwe dzinopisa nyanga, kunge brio risinganzwiki renjodzi yekukunda isina magumo, rakaputika mukamuri yekurara isina mhepo isina mhepo yeimba yaDemidov. Mabitiug ane madhiramu, vatongi nemamanera airira, uye gango remwenje raibvira richinanzva magirazi. Asi mukuziva kwakadzikama kwemuimbi ari kufa, uyu murwi weruzha rwefivha, uku kusvetuka-svetuka mumajasi ematehwe emakwai nengowani, iyi mhere-mhere yakasungwa ndokuendwa nayo pasi pekuperekedzwa yakashanduka kuita kudanwa kwekuridza orchestra. Mabhawa ekupedzisira ekurovererwa kwaDue Poscari, yake yekutanga London opera, yainzwika zvakajeka munzeve dzake diki, dzakashata…

Akasimuka netsoka dzake ndokuimba zvaaida, kwete nezwi rinotapira, resimbi, rakanyorovera iro rakanga raita mukurumbira uye kurumbidzwa mumapepa, asi nechipfuva chemusikana wechidiki ane makore gumi nemashanu, aine zvisizvo. , kutambisa kupambadza kwenzwi raakatukwa naProfessor Cattaneo zvakanyanya.

"Farewell, Traviata wangu, Rosina, Zerlina ..."

Rufu rwaBosio rwakanzwika nekurwadziwa mumoyo yezviuru zvevanhu vaida muimbi uyu nemoyo wese. "Nhasi ndadzidza nezverufu rwaBosio uye ndakazvidemba zvakanyanya," Turgenev akanyora mutsamba kuna Goncharov. - Ndakamuona pazuva rekupedzisira kwake: akaridza "La Traviata"; haana kufunga ipapo, achitamba mukadzi ari kufa, kuti aizofanira kuita basa iri nomwoyo wose nokukurumidza. Guruva nokuora nenhema zvose zvinhu zvapanyika.

Muzvinyorwa zvemushanduki P. Kropotkin, tinowana mitsara inotevera: "Apo prima donna Bosio akarwara, zviuru zvevanhu, kunyanya vechidiki, vakamira vasina chavaiita kusvika pakati pehusiku pamusuwo wehotera kuti vazive nezve. hutano hwe diva. Akanga asina kunaka asi airatidza kuti akanaka chaizvo paaiimba zvekuti pwere dzaipengesana naye dzaigona kuverengwa mumazana. Bosio paakafa, akapiwa mariro akaita seasati amboona Petersburg.

Mhedziso yemuimbi weItaly yakadhindwawo mumitsara yeNekrasov's satire "Pamamiriro ekunze":

Samoyed tsinga uye mapfupa Vachatsungirira chero kutonhora, asi iwe, Vociferous kumaodzanyemba vaenzi, Tiri zvakanaka muchando? Rangarira - Bosio, Petropolis anodada haana chaakasiya kwaari. Asi hazvina maturo wakazviputira pahuro yaNightingale. Mwanasikana weItaly! NeRussia frost Zvakaoma kuwirirana nemasikati maroses. Iwe wakapfupfudza huma yako pamberi pesimba romuurayi wake, ukavata munyika yavatorwa, muguva usina chinhu uye une shungu. Makakanganwa imi vatorwa Pazuva ramakaiswa panyika, uye kwenguva refu mumwe anoimba, Kwavakakupfuudza nemaruva. Pane chiedza, pane kaviri bass kurira, Kuchine ruzha timpani. Ehe! kuchamhembe kunosuruvarisa nesu Mari yakaoma uye laurels inodhura!

Pana April 12, 1859, Bosio akaita seakaviga St. “Boka revanhu rakaungana kuti chitunha chake chibviswe mumba maDemidov chichiendeswa kuChechi yeRoma, kusanganisira vadzidzi vakawanda vakaonga mushakabvu nokuronga makonzati kuti vadzidzi vepayunivhesiti vabatsirwe,” mumwe akararama panguva imwe cheteyo nezviitiko zvacho anopupurira. Mukuru weMapurisa Shuvalov, achitya mhirizhonga, akavhara chivako chechechi nemapurisa, izvo zvakakonzera kushatirwa. Asi kutya kwakazova kusina musoro. Mudungwe mukunyarara kwekuchema wakaenda kumakuva echiKatorike kudivi reVyborg, pedyo neArsenal. Paguva remuimbi, mumwe wevanoyemura tarenda rake, Count Orlov, akakambaira pasi mukusaziva zvachose. Pamari yake, chiyeuchidzo chakanaka chakazovakwa.