Daniel Francois Esprit Auber |

Daniel Auber

Ober. "Fra Diavolo". Young Agnes (N. Figner)

Nhengo yeInstitute of France (1829). Somwana, airidza violin, akanyora zverudo (dzakadhindwa). Kupesana nezvido zvevabereki vake, avo vakamugadzirira basa rekutengesa, akazvipira kumimhanzi. Yake yekutanga, ichiri yemahara, ruzivo rwemumhanzi wemitambo yaive comic opera Iulia (1811), yakatenderwa naL. Cherubini (achitungamirirwa naye, Aubert akazodzidza kuumbwa).

Aubert's first staged comic operas, The Soldiers at Rest (1813) uye Testamende (1819), haana kugamuchira kuzivikanwa. Mukurumbira wakamuunzira komiki opera The Shepherdess - muridzi wenhare (1820). Kubva kuma20s. Aubert akatanga kubatirana kwenguva refu kunobereka zvibereko nemunyori wemitambo E. Scribe, munyori weribretto yeakawanda emitambo yake (yekutanga yaiva Leicester neSnow).

Pakutanga kwebasa rake, Aubert akapesvedzerwa naG. Rossini naA. Boildieu, asi yatova iyo comic opera The Mason (1825) inopupurira kuzvimiririra kwekusika uye mavambo emunyori. Muna 1828, opera The Mute kubva kuPortici (Fenella, lib. Scribe naJ. Delavigne), iyo yakasimbisa mukurumbira wake, yakarongwa nekubudirira kwekukunda. Muna 1842-71 Aubert aive mutungamiriri weParis Conservatoire, kubva muna 1857 aivewo munyori wedare.

Ober, pamwe naJ. Meyerbeer, mumwe wevasiki vemhando huru yeopera. Opera The Mute kubva kuPortici ndeyemhando iyi. Zano rayo - kumukira kwevabati vehove veNeapolitan muna 1647 vachipokana nevaranda veSpain - yaienderana nemafungiro everuzhinji manheru eChimurenga chaChikunguru cha1830 muFrance. Nekuronga kwayo, opera yakapindura kune zvaidiwa nevateereri vepamusoro, dzimwe nguva zvichikonzera maitiro echimurenga (kuratidzwa kwekuda nyika pamutambo muna 1830 muBrussels kwakashanda sekutanga kwekumukira kwakakonzera kusunungurwa kweBelgium kubva mukutonga kweDutch). MuRussia, kuita kwe opera muchiRussia kwakabvumirwa nekutonga kwetsarist chete pasi pezita rokuti The Palermo Bandits (1857).

Iyi ndiyo yekutanga huru opera yakavakirwa pane chaiyo-nhoroondo kuronga, mavara ayo asiri magamba ekare, asi vanhuwo zvavo. Aubert anodudzira dingindira rehugamba kuburikidza neruzha rwenziyo dzechivanhu, matambiro, pamwe nenziyo dzehondo nekufora kweGreat French Revolution. Iyo opera inoshandisa matekiniki ekusiyanisa dramaturgy, akawanda kwaya, akawanda genre uye magamba emitambo (pamusika, kumukira), melodramatic mamiriro (chiitiko chekupenga). Basa regamba rakapihwa ballerina, izvo zvakabvumira munyori kuti azadzise zvibodzwa nemifananidzo inoratidzira orchestral episodhi inoperekedza Fenella dambarefu rekutamba, uye kusuma zvinhu zve ballet inoshanda muopera. Iyo opera The Mute kubva kuPortici yakave nemhedzisiro mukusimudzira kwefolk-heroic uye yerudo opera.

Aubert ndiye mumiriri mukuru weFrench comic opera. Opera yake Fra Diavolo (1830) yakaratidza nhanho nyowani munhoroondo yerudzi urwu. Pakati peakawanda ecomic operas anobuda: "Bhiza reBronze" (1835), "Black Domino" (1837), "Madhaimondi eKorona" (1841). Aubert aivimba netsika dzevatenzi veFrench comic opera yezana ramakore rechi 18. (FA Philidor, PA Monsigny, AEM Gretry), pamwe chete naBoildieu mukuru wenguva yake, vakadzidza zvakawanda kubva kuhunyanzvi hwaRossini.

Mukubatana neMunyori, Aubert akagadzira rudzi rutsva rwemhando yekomiki opera, iyo inoratidzwa nekukasira uye inoshamisira, dzimwe nguva ngano-ngano, zvinongoitika uye nekukurumidza kukura chiitiko, izere neanoshamisa, ekutamba, dzimwe nguva anotyisa.

Mumhanzi waAubert une hungwaru, unoratidza zvine hungwaru kutendeuka kwechiito, uzere nenyasha kureruka, nyasha, kunakidzwa uye kupenya. Inosanganisira manzwi eFrench mazuva ese mimhanzi (rwiyo uye kutamba). Zvibodzwa zvake zvinoratidzwa nekunyorova uye zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinopinza, mutinhimira wepiquant, uye kazhinji kacho uye mimhanzi ine simba. Aubert akashandisa akasiyana ariose uye enziyo mafomu, akaunza zvine hungwaru ensembles nemakwaya, ayo aakadudzira nenzira yekutamba, inoshanda, achigadzira inoyevedza, ine mavara emhando yemhando. Kugadzira kubereka kwakasanganiswa muAubert nechipo chezvakasiyana uye zvitsva. AN Serov akapa kuongororwa kwepamusoro, tsanangudzo yakajeka kune munyori. Aubert's best operas vakachengeta mukurumbira wavo.

EF Bronfin

Zvinyorwa:

opareta - Julia (Julie, 1811, imba yemitambo yakavanzika munhare yeChime), Jean de Couvain (Jean de Couvain, 1812, ibid.), Mauto akazorora (Le séjour militaire, 1813, Feydeau Theatre, Paris), Testamende, kana zvinyorwa zveRudo (Le testament ou Les billets doux, 1819, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Shepherdess - muridzi wenhare (La bergère châtelaine, 1820, ibid.), Emma, ​​​​kana vimbiso isina hanya (Emma ou La promesse imprudente, 1821, ibid. same), Leicester (1823, ibid.), Snow (La neige, 1823, ibid.), Vendome muSpain (Vendome en Espagne, pamwe chete naP. Herold, 1823, King's Academy of Music uye Dance, Paris) , Court Concert (Le concert à la cour, ou La débutante, 1824, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Leocadia (Léocadie, 1824, ibid.), Bricklayer (Le maçon, 1825, ibid.), Shy ( Le timide , ou Le nouveau séducteur, 1825, ibid.), Fiorella (Fiorella, 1825, ibid.), Mute kubva kuPortici (La muette de Portici, 1828, King's Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Mwenga (La fiancée, 1829, Opéra Comique, Paris), Fra D iavolo (F ra Diavolo, ou L'hôtellerie de Terracine, 1830, ibid.), Mwari naBayadère (Le dieu et la bayadère, ou La courtisane amoureuse, 1830, King. Academy yeMimhanzi uye Dhanzi, Paris; basa reakanyarara bayadère isp. ballerina M. Taglioni), Love potion (Le philtre, 1831, ibid.), Marquise de Brenvilliers (La marquise de Brinvilliers, pamwe chete nevamwe vanyori 8, 1831, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Oath (Le serment , ou Les faux -monnayeurs, 1832, King's Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Gustav III, kana Masquerade Ball (Gustave III, ou Le bal masqué, 1833, ibid.), Lestocq, ou L' intrigue et l'amour, 1834, Opera Comic, Paris), The Bronze Horse (Le cheval de bronze, 1835, ibid; muna 1857 yakagadziridzwa kuita opera huru), Acteon (Actéon, 1836, ibid), White Hoods (Les chaperons blancs, 1836, ibid.), Nhume (L'ambassadrice, 1836, ibid.), Black Domino (Le domino noir, 1837, ibid.), Fairy Lake (Le lac des fées, 1839, King's Academy Music and Dance”, Paris), Zanetta (Zanetta, ou Jouer avec le feu, 1840, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Crown Diamonds (Les diamants de la couronne, 1841, ibid.), Duke weOlonne (Le duc d 'Olonne, 1842, ibid.), Mugove waDhiyabhorosi (La chikamu du diable, 1843, ibid.), Siren (La sirène, 1844,ibid.), Barcarolle, kana Love and Music (La barcarolle ou L'amour et la musique, 1845, ibid.), Haydée (Haydée, ou Le secret, 1847, ibid.), Prodigal son (L'enfant prodigue, 1850) , Mambo. Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Zerlina (Zerline ou La corbeille d'oranges, 1851, ibid), Marco Spada (Marco Spada, 1852, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris; muna 1857 yakagadziridzwa kuita ballet), Jenny Bell (Jenny Bell) , 1855, ibid.), Manon Lescaut (Manon Lescaut, 1856, ibid.), Circassian woman (La circassienne, 1861, ibid.), Mwenga waMambo de Garbe (La fiancée du roi de Garbe, 1864, ibid.) , Zuva Rokutanga Remufaro (Le premier jour de bonheur, 1868, ibid.), Kurota Kwerudo (Rêve d'amour, 1869, ibid.); tambo. quartets (isina kudhindwa), nezvimwe.