Michal Kleofas Ogiński (Michał Kleofas Ogiński) |

Michał Kleofas Ogiński

Nzira yehupenyu yemunyori wePolish M. Oginsky yakafanana nenyaya inofadza, izere nekumwe kamwe-kamwe kwekupedzisira, yakanyatsobatana nenhamo yenyika yake. Zita remunyori rakanga rakakomberedzwa nehalo yerudo, kunyange munguva yehupenyu hwake ngano dzakawanda dzakamuka pamusoro pake (somuenzaniso, "akadzidza" pamusoro pekufa kwake kanopfuura kamwe). Mimhanzi yeOginsky, inonyatsoratidza mafungiro epanguva iyoyo, yakawedzera kufarira hunhu hwemunyori wayo. Muimbi aivewo netarenda rekunyora, ndiye munyori weMemoirs pamusoro pePoland nePoles, zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi, uye nhetembo.

Oginsky akakurira mumhuri yakadzidza zvikuru. Sekuru vake Michal Kazimierz Ogiński, Mukuru Hetman wekuLithuania, aive muimbi uye mudetembi, akaridza zviridzwa zvakati wandei, akanyora maopera, polonaises, mazurkas, uye nziyo. Akavandudza mbira uye akanyora nyaya pamusoro pechiridzwa ichi paDiderot's Encyclopedia. Munzvimbo yake yekugara Slonim (ikozvino nharaunda yeBelarus), uko mudiki Oginsky aiwanzouya, pakanga paine yemitambo ine opera, ballet uye drama troupes, orchestra, Polish, Italian, French uye German operas dzakaitwa. Mufananidzo wechokwadi weChiedza, Michal Kazimierz akaronga chikoro chevana veko. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akagadzira ivhu rakaorera rekuvandudza kugona kwaOginsky kwakasiyana-siyana. Mudzidzisi wake wekutanga wemimhanzi aive panguva iyoyo mudiki O. Kozlovsky (uyo akashanda semuimbi wedare reOginskys), gare gare munyori akatanhamara uyo akaita mupiro unokosha kutsika dzemimhanzi yechiPolish neRussia (munyori wepolonaise yakakurumbira "Kutinhira kwekukunda, ruzha"). Oginsky akadzidza violin naI. Yarnovich, uye akazovandudza muItaly naG. Viotti naP. Baio.

Muna 1789, basa rezvematongerwo enyika raOginsky rinotanga, ndiye mumiriri wePoland kuNetherlands (1790), England (1791); achidzokera kuWarsaw, ane chigaro chemubati wehomwe weLithuania (1793-94). Hapana chaiita sechavhara basa rakatanga zvine hunyanzvi. Asi muna 1794, kumukira kwaT. Kosciuszko kwakatanga nokuda kwokudzorerwa kworusununguko rworudzi rwenyika (umambo hwePolish-Lithuanian hweCommonwealth hwakakamurwa pakati pePrussia, Austria neRussia Empire). Kuva mudiwa wekuda nyika, Oginsky anobatana nevapanduki uye anoshingaira mukurwisana, uye anopa zvinhu zvake zvose "sechipo kunyika yaamai." Kufora nenziyo dzehondo dzakagadzirwa nomunyori mumakore aya dzakava dzakakurumbira zvikuru uye dzakanga dzakakurumbira pakati pevapanduki. Oginsky anorumbidzwa nenziyo "Poland haisati yafa" (munyori wayo haana kunyatsosimbiswa), iyo yakazove yakava rwiyo rwenyika.

Kukundwa kwekumukira kwacho kwakaita kuti vabve munyika yavo. MuConstantinople (1796) Oginsky anova munhu anoshanda pakati pevaPolish patriots vakatama. Iye zvino maziso ePoles ane tariro akatarisa kuna Napoleon, uyo akazoonekwa nevakawanda se "general of the revolution" (L. Beethoven aida kutsaurira "Heroic Symphony" kwaari). Kukudzwa kwaNapoleon kwakabatana nekuonekwa kweOginsky chete opera Zelida naValcour, kana Bonaparte muCairo (1799). Makore akapedzwa ndichifamba muEurope (Italy, France) zvishoma nezvishoma akanetesa tariro yokumutsidzirwa kwePoland yakazvimirira. Kuregererwa kwaAlexander I (kusanganisira kudzoka kwezvivako) kwakabvumira munyori kuti auye kuRussia ndokugara muSt. Petersburg (1802). Asi kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu matsva (sezvo muna 1802 Oginsky aiva seneta weRussia Empire), mabasa ake aiva nechinangwa chekuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu enyika.

Achishingairira kuita zvematongerwo enyika, Oginsky aisakwanisa kupa nguva yakawanda kugadzira mimhanzi. Kuwedzera kune opera, nziyo dzehondo uye dzinoverengeka dzerudo, chikamu chikuru chenhaka yake diki zvidimbu zvepiyano: matambiro echiPolish - polonaises uye mazurkas, pamwe nekufora, minuets, waltzes. Oginsky akazove akakurumbira zvikuru nokuda kwepolonaises yake (kupfuura 20). Aive wekutanga kududzira rudzi urwu kwete semhando yekutamba chete, asi sedetembo renziyo, chidimbu chepiyano chakazvimiririra mune zvachinoreva. Mweya wekurwa wakasimba uri padhuze naOginsky nemifananidzo yekusuwa, kusuruvara, kuratidza manzwiro, pre-romantic moods inoyangarara mumhepo yenguva iyoyo. Iyo yakajeka, elastic rhythm yepolonaise inosanganiswa nezwi rakatsetseka rezwi rerudo-elegy. Dzimwe polonaise dzine mazita epurogiramu: "Farewell, Partition of Poland." Polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland" (1831) ichiri kufarirwa zvikuru nanhasi, pakarepo, kubva pamashoko ekutanga, ichigadzira mamiriro ekutaura kwakavanzika. Kudetemba kwekutamba kwePoland, Oginsky anovhura nzira yemukuru F. Chopin. Mabasa ake akabudiswa uye akaitwa muEurope yose - muParis neSt. )

Utano hwakazununguswa hwakamanikidza Oginsky kusiya St. Petersburg uye kupedza makore ekupedzisira e10 ehupenyu hwake muItaly, muFlorence. Ndizvo zvakaguma hupenyu hwomunyori, akapfuma muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, akamira pamavambo echiPolish romanticism.

K. Zenkin