Chii chinonzi melismas mumimhanzi

Mimhanzi inyanzvi yerunako rwenzwi. Muzvimedu zvakawanda zvemimhanzi, mutinhimira wacho unotonga pamusoro pekuperekedza. Kuratidzira kwemutsara we melodic, kutsvedza kana spasmodicity, timbre - zvese izvi zvinogadzirisa mafungiro uye mufananidzo wekuumbwa. Melismas inobatsira kupfumisa rwiyo, ruite kupenya, kuwedzeredza uye kuyevedza. Chii chinonzi melismas uye chishongedzo? Mashoko aya akabva kupi? Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekugadzira melismas uye zvinotsanangurwa sei? Iwe uchadzidza nezvazvo pane ino peji. 

Chii chinonzi zvishongo uye melismas?

Izwi rokuti ornamentation rinobva pashoko rechiLatin rokuti ornamentum. Izwi rinoshandurirwa muchiRussia sechishongo. Mukuita kwemimhanzi, kushongedza kunosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinokubvumira kushongedza rwiyo nerubatsiro rwematoni ekubatsira. Mamwe manhamba anonzi ornamentation, aya anosanganisira:

• figurations - nzira yekunyora zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi, nzira yakasiyana-siyana yekuvandudza;
• fioritures (transl. flowering) - virtuoso ndima dzine nguva shoma;
• ndima - kufamba kwechiyero;
• tiraty inzira inokurumidza kuita chikero-yakafanana. Izwi iri rinonyanya kuenderana neunyanzvi hwezwi, kunyangwe richiwanzo kuwanikwa mumhanzi wenyanzvi.

Melismas izwi remumhanzi rekushongedzwa kwenziyo diki. Iri zita rinowanikwa mumhanzi wezwi uye wezviridzwa. Melismas inosiyana munguva yekurira, mukuoma kwekuita.

Iwo makuru melismas anoshandiswa mumimhanzi yechinyakare anoonekwa seaya:

• pfupi grace note;
• refu grace note;
• morden;
• gruppetto;
• trill;
• arpeggio.

Mimhanzi ine mutauro wakasiyana, saka hazvishamise kuti melismas imhando yezvipfupiso zvinoda kududzira. Kuda kwakadaro kwekugadzira zviratidzo zvakakosha kwakamuka chete kuchengetedza nguva. Ngationgororei imwe neimwe ye melismas zvakasiyana.

Nyasha chinyorwa: notation, kutamba sei

Yakaturikirwa kubva kuGerman sebhiti pamberi penoti. Uku kushongedzwa kwe melodic kunogona kuve neruzha rumwechete kana kupfuura. Nyasha inotangira imwe yekurira kwemutinhimira. Zvakakosha kufunga kuti maererano nerhythm, melisma inosanganiswa munhoroondo yenguva iyo yakabatanidzwa. Kazhinji, notation kanoti kadiki kana manotsi anoiswa pamusoro penoti yemutinhimira kana chord. Kune marudzi maviri enguva: pfupi uye yakareba. Kusiyana nepfupi, kureba kwenoti refu yenyasha inenge nguva dzose inotora hafu kana chetatu chenoti huru. Kashoma kwazvo. Tarisa pamufananidzo uye teerera kune ruzha rwerunyoro rwenyasha uye ruzha rwenoti refu yenyasha.

Grace game mitemo:

1. Ridza nyasha nekukurumidza.
2. Sarudza iyo chaiyo app. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa zvigunwe zviri pedyo.
3. Kufamba kunofanirwa kuve kwakatsetseka, kutsvedza.
4. Simbiso inofanira kuiswa pachinyorwa chikuru.

Morden: notation, maitiro ekutamba

Mordens yakakamurwa kuita imwechete kana kaviri. Nekudaro, ivo vanogona kuyambuka kunze kana nyore. Inoratidzwa semutsara wakapinza wewavy.

A simple single modent ndiko kuimba kweinzwi guru kubva kumusoro. Muchiitiko ichi, nguva inoparadzaniswa. Inzwa kuti kushongedzwa uku kunonzwika sei.

Iyo double morden yakareba zvakapetwa kaviri pane imwe morden. Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanira kuitwa nekudhura kwechinyorwa chikuru, kureva kuti, haifaniri kutora nguva yakawanda kudarika nguva yakatarwa. Teerera kuti akayambuka uye akapusa kaviri mordents anonzwika sei.

Gruppetto inodudzirwa seboka remanotsi, rinosanganisira kuenderera mberi kwekuimba kwekurira kukuru. Saka kana chiratidzo chegruppetto chiri pamusoro pechinyorwa chekuti "ita", chinozodudzirwa se "re", "ita", "si", "ita". Iko re uye si ichave toni dzekutanga. Iyi nhamba inoitwa mukati menguva huru.

Trill: notation kutamba sei

Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekuita, iyo trill ndeimwe yeakanyanya virtuoso uye yakaoma matekiniki. Iko kukurumidza kuchinjana kwemanotsi ari padyo, anoyeuchidza nightingale trills. Inoratidzwa semubatanidzwa wemabhii “tr” pamusoro peinoti huru. Teerera kuti kushongedzwa uku kunonzwika sei:

Trill inofanira kuridzwa sezvinotevera:

1. Hapana chikonzero chekumhanya paunenge uchitamba nhevedzano yezvinyorwa mune trill kekutanga.
2. Shandura uremu hwako kubva kune mumwe munwe kuenda kune mumwe;
3. Chengetedza kuenzana kwenzwi;
4. Tamba zvishoma nezvishoma kusvikira wasununguka kufamba;
5. Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera nhanho kusvikira waunza kune inodiwa kukurumidza.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti trill ive yakaenzana uye isingakanganise iyo yakazara mita rhythm mukuumbwa.

Arpeggio: notation maitiro ekutamba

Iyi tekinoroji yakajairika kunyanya pakuita kwemachords, zvishoma kazhinji kwepakati. Inonyanya kushandiswa kune zviridzwa zvakaita sepiyano, rudimbwa, gitare, kana tambo boka rezviridzwa. Inoratidzwa nemutsara wakamonana wakatwasuka uchitevedza chord yese. Mitinhimira inoridzwa kubva pasi zvichikwira mukufamba kunokurumidza kutevedzana. Teerera kuti chord inonzwika sei kana ichiridzwa nearpeggio.

Nzira yekudzidza kutamba arpeggios:

1. Sarudza chigunwe chakanakira;
2. Zvishoma nezvishoma ridza kutevedzana kwezwi rechord;
3. Tarisa kuenzana kwe rhythm;
4. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kumhanya kunogona kuwedzerwa;
5. Ita shuwa kuti mapendekete haasimuke, sezvo izvi zvichiratidza zvisungo.
6. Mafambiro anofanira kunge ari kukurumidza uye agile.

Zvakakosha kuti ruoko haruna kusungwa panguva yekuita. Iyo bhurashi inofanira kunge yakasununguka, inofanirwa kutarisa kune ruzha rwepamusoro rwechord.

Nhoroondo yekushongedza

Pakazvarwa mimhanzi, ipapo pakanga paine chishuwo chekuita kuti chinangwa chiwedzere kusiyanisa nerubatsiro rwekutendeuka kunonakidza. Zvishoma nezvishoma, pakatangwa mimhanzi, apo hunyanzvi hwemimhanzi hwakaitwa kuti huve hwechokwadi, ipapo kuverenga kwakatanga munhoroondo yekushongedza. Chokwadi ndechekuti marevolutions mazhinji haana kungova chikamu chekuvandudza, asiwo zvimwe zviratidzo zvaiwanzo kunyorwa nevanyori.

Kushandiswa kwema melismas mumimhanzi yezviridzwa uye yezwi kwakawana mukurumbira panguva yeBaroque. Mimhanzi munguva yezana remakore rechi16-18 yakazadzwa nekushongedza kwakanaka. Mune akawanda emabasa aBach, mordens uye matrill anogona kuwanikwa. 

Mumazuva iwayo, rudzi rwe "konsati" rwakakunda. Izvo zvinotaridzika zverudzi zvinosanganisira nguva yemakwikwi, mune solo cadence mutambi aifanira kuratidza kwete chete hunhu uye kungwara kuraira kwechiridzwa, asiwo chimiro chemumhanzi wega. Kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemelismas kwakabatsira kuwedzera hupenyu uye hunhu kumimhanzi, uye zvakare yakaratidza kugona kwemuimbi kuvandudza zvine hunyanzvi.

Mumhanzi wezwi, kunyanya muItaly opera, kushongedzwa kwakapihwa kukosha kukuru. Vaimbi vanofanira kunge vakagona hunyanzvi hunobatsira pakuimba nziyo dzenyasha zviri nyore.  

Mabasa asingaverengeki ekushongedza uye anoyevedza anogona kuwanikwa munguva yeRococo. Kuwanda kwe melismas kunokunda mubasa reFrench harpsichordists Francois Couperin naJean Philippe Rameau.

Mumhanzi werudo, melismatics yakawanawo kushandiswa kunoshanda. Mune piyano miniature yaFranz Liszt, Frederic Chopin, melismas akabatsira kuisa ruvara rwenziyo, kuita kuti iwedzere kubva pamwoyo uye inobata.

Melismas inogonawo kunzwika mumimhanzi yemazuva ano. Saka mu jazz neblues, vaimbi vanowanzo shandisa manotsi enyasha nematrills. Aya ekushongedza anonyanya hunhu hwekuvandudza.