Kurekodha zvinyorwa

Zvaunofanira kuziva usati watanga chidzidzo:

Mimhanzi zviratidzo

Kurekodha kurira kwemimhanzi, zviratidzo zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa, izvo zvinonzi manotsi. Zviratidzo zvekucherechedza zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvinotevera:

1. heads
2. dzinde (zvimiti) zvakabatana nemusoro wenoti kubva kuruboshwe zvichidzika kana kumusoro kumusoro;
3. mureza (muswe), uchibatana nedzinde kurudyi rwayo chete kana kukwirana (longitudinal line) ichibatanidza madzinde emanotsi akawanda.

tsvimbo

Manotsi anoiswa pavatongi vashanu vakachinjika, vanonzi mudonzvo kana mudonzvo. Vatongi vevashandi vanogara vachiverengwa kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro mukurongeka, kureva kuti, mutongi wepasi ndiye wekutanga, uyo anotevera ndiye wechipiri, zvichingodaro.

Manotsi padanda ari pamitsetse kana pakati pavo. Mutsara wepazasi wetsvimbo ndeyeMi. Chero chinyorwa chiri pamutsetse uyu chinoridzwa seE, chero pasina zviratidzo zvekukwira kana pasi. Chinyorwa chinotevera (pakati pemitsetse) chinyorwa F, zvichingodaro. Manotsi anogona zvakare kugovaniswa kunze kwetsvimbo uye kurekodhwa pane mamwe vatongi. Marura ekuwedzera ari pamusoro pemudonzvo anonzi ma top extrarula uye anoverengwa kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro kwetsvimbo. Aya mamwe vatongi anorekodha ruzha rwepamusoro. Mitsindo yakaderera inorekodhwa pasi pemudonzvo uye inonzi yakaderera mamwe vatongi, uye inoverengwa kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi kubva padanda.

makiyi

Pakuvamba kwevashandi, kiyi inogara yaiswa, iyo inosarudza kukwirira kweimwe yekurira muchiyero, kubva pairi kuverengwa kwemanzwi akasara.

  Iyo treble clef (kana sol kiyi) inosarudza nzvimbo yekutanga octave sol ruzha pavashandi, iyo yakanyorwa pamutsetse wechipiri.

  Iyo bass clef (kana clef fa) inosarudza nzvimbo pane tsvimbo yeinzwi fa yediki octave, iyo yakanyorwa pamutsetse wechina.

Chiyero uye siginecha yenguva. Zvikamu zvakabatana uye zvisina simba.

Kuti zvive nyore kuverenga zvinyorwa, kurekodi kwemimhanzi kunokamurwa kuva nguva yakaenzana yenguva (nhamba yebhiti) - zviyero. Bhawa chikamu chemumhanzi notation, inoganhurwa nemitsara miviri yemabha.

Mucherechedzo wekutanga wechiyero chimwe nechimwe chine chirevo - chirevo. Iri bhiti ine accented inoshanda sekutanga kwekuverenga muchiyero chega chega. Mizariro inoparadzaniswa kubva kune imwe neimwe nemitsetse yakatwasuka inoyambuka tsvimbo. Aya mabhawa anonzi mabhara.

Mushure mekiyi, siginecha yenguva inoiswa. Ukuru hunoratidzwa nenhamba mbiri, imwe pasi peimwe muchimiro chechidimbu: 2/4; 3/6; 4/4 etc. Nhamba yepamusoro inoratidza nhamba yezviputi mubha, uye nhamba yepasi inoratidza nguva yekurohwa kwega (inguva ipi inotorwa sechikamu cheakaunti - kota, hafu, nezvimwewo). Semuenzaniso: siginicha yenguva 2/2 ine maviri hafu-kureba manotsi, uye 7/8 siginicha yenguva ine zvinyorwa zvinomwe zvechisere. Asi kazhinji kazhinji uchawana maviri mana. Muchidimbu chimiro, saizi iyi inotaridzwawo nebhii C panzvimbo yenhamba. Dzimwe nguva unogona kuona vara C rakayambuka nemutsara wakatwasuka - izvi zvakaenzana nehukuru 2/2.

Sezvatatotaura, mabhiti ekutanga echiyero chimwe nechimwe anobuda, anonzwika akasimba kupfuura mamwe manzwi - anosimbiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuwanda kwekunzwika kwezvikamu zvakasimba uye zvisina simba zvakachengetedzwa, kureva kuti kune yunifomu yekuchinja kwemazwi. Kazhinji, chiyero chine mabhiti akati wandei, yekutanga yakasimba (inotarwa nechiratidzo chekutaura > mutsvimbo) uye akati wandei asina kusimba achiitevera. Muchiyero chebhiti mbiri (2/4), yekutanga kurova ("imwe") yakasimba, yechipiri ("mbiri") haina simba. Muchiyero chebhiti nhatu (3/4), chokutanga (“chimwe”) chine simba, chechipiri (“mbiri”) hachina simba, uye chechitatu (“chitatu”) chine utera.

Kurova kaviri uye katatu kunonzi nyore. Quadruple measure (4/4) yakaoma. Iyo inoumbwa kubva kune maviri akareruka zviyero zvekaviri nguva siginicha. Mubhawa rakaoma kudaro, pane matauriro akasimba maviri pabhiti yekutanga neyechitatu, ine matauriro ekutanga ari pakurohwa kwakasimba kwechiyero, uye kechipiri matauriro pabhiti isina kusimba, kureva kuti inonzwika kushomeka zvishoma pane yekutanga.

Tsaona

Kuti uratidze kiyi yenoti, flat , inopinza , kaviri-flat , yakapinza kaviri , uye zviratidzo zvebecar zvinogona kuiswa pamberi pechinyorwa .

Vatambi vakadai vanonzi matsaona. Kana pane chakapinza pamberi pechinyorwa, ipapo chinyorwa chinokwira nehafu yezwi, kaviri-yakapinza - nezwi. Kana yakadzikama, saka chinyorwa chinodzikiswa ne semitone, uye kana kaviri-yakapinza, ne toni. Kudzikira nekusimudza zviratidzo zvinoonekwa kamwe chete zvinoiswa kune chibodzwa chose kusvika zvadzimwa nechimwe chiratidzo. Pane chiratidzo chakakosha chinodzima kuderera kana kuwedzera kwenoti uye kuchidzosera kune yakasarudzika pitch - iyi inotsigira. Kaviri flat uye kaviri inopinza haiwanzo kushandiswa.

Tsaona dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzviitiko zviviri: sekiyi uye seyakasarudzika. Zviratidzo zvakakosha zvinowanikwa kurudyi kwekiyi mune imwe hurongwa: fa - do - sol - re - la - mi - si yekupinza, ye flats - si - mi - la - re - sol - do - fa. Kana iyo chinyorwa chimwechete chine chinopinza kana furati chikasangana mune chero chiyero, ipapo flat kana inopinza inongoiswa kamwe chete uye inochengeta mhedzisiro yayo mukati meyero. Dzakadaro dzakapinza uye flats inonzi random.

Hurefu hwezvinyorwa uye kumbomira

Ingave chinyorwa chine mumvuri kana kwete, pamwe chete nematanda akabatanidzwa paari, kureva Stems anoratidza nguva yenoti. Nguva yenoti huru izere (1) uye inotaridzwa nemusoro usina mumvuri usina hunde, pamwe nezvikamu zvayo zvehafu: hafu (2), kota (3), yechisere (4), yegumi nenhanhatu (5), zvichingodaro. iyi kesi, nguva yeinoti yese ndeyekukosha kwakaenzana: zvinoenderana neino tempo yechidimbu. Imwe nguva yakajairwa ndeye kaviri integer, inotaridzwa nerectangle diki isina kuvharwa ine sitiroko pedyo nemakona.

Kana zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakanyorwa mumutsara nehurefu husingasviki chechina, uye hapana chimwe chazvo (kunze kwekuti, zvichida, chekutanga) chinowira pakurova kwakasimba, zvino zvakanyorwa pasi pemucheto wakafanana kana viscous - tsvimbo inobatanidza magumo. yemadzinde. Uyezve, kana zvinyorwa zvisere, mupendero hauna kuroorwa, kana chegumi nenhanhatu chakapetwa kaviri, etc. Munguva yedu, kune kusanganiswa kwezvinyorwa kubva pazviyero zvakasiyana-siyana, uyewo zvinyorwa zvisiri mumutsara.

Izvo zvinoitika kuti iwe unofanirwa kurekodha chinyorwa chinopera, semuenzaniso, matatu masere. Pane nzira mbiri dzekuita izvi: kana pane kurova kwakasimba kwenguva yenoti, ipapo zvinyorwa zviviri zvinotorwa, zvichipa zvikamu zvitatu zvezvisere (kureva, chikamu chechisere uye chesere) uye zvakasungwa, kureva, a. ligi inoiswa pakati pavo - arc, ine migumo yayo inenge ichigunzva maovha ezvinyorwa . Kana kurova kwakasimba kwakasara parutivi, zvino kuwedzera chinyorwa nehafu yezwi rayo, doti rinoiswa kurudyi rweovha (kureva, munyaya iyi, zvitatu zvezvisere chikamu chechina chine dot). Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinogonawo kusanganiswa pasi pemucheto mumwe.

Pakupedzisira, zvingave zvakakosha kupatsanura imwe nguva kwete muzvikamu zviviri, asi mutatu, shanu, kana imwe nhamba yezvikamu zvakaenzana kwete kuwanda kwezviviri. Muchiitiko ichi, katatu, pentoli uye mamwe maitiro akafanana ekunyora anoshandiswa.

Kutsemuka kwenzwi kunonzi kumbomira. Nguva yekumbomira inoyerwa nenzira yakafanana neyenguva yekurira (notsi). Kuzorora kwese (8) kwakaenzana muhurefu hwenoti yese. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekapfupi dash pasi pemutsara wechina wevashandi. Hafu yekuzorora (9) yakaenzana muhurefu hwechidimbu chenoti. Inoratidzwa nedashi rimwe chete sekota yekuzorora, asi mutsetse uyu wakanyorwa pamusoro pemutsara wechitatu wevashandi. Quadruple pause (10) inoenzana muhurefu hwechinyorwa chechina uye inoratidzwa nemutsetse wakatyoka pakati. Yechisere (11), yegumi nenhanhatu (12) uye makumi matatu nechipiri (13) yekuzorora yakaenzana panguva yerusere, yegumi nenhanhatu uye makumi matatu nechipiri manotsi, zvichiteerana, uye inoratidzwa nekucheka kune imwe, mbiri kana nhatu mureza diki.

Doti kurudyi rwenoti kana kuzorora rinowedzera nguva yaro nehafu. Madotsi maviri painoti kana pakumbomira anowedzera nguva nehafu uye imwe kota.

Dots pamusoro kana pazasi manotsi anoratidza jerky chimiro chekuita kana staccato, umo ruzha rwega rwega rwunorasikirwa nechikamu chenguva yarwo, runova rwakapinza, kupfupika, kuoma.

Ligi (arc yakakomberedzwa kumusoro kana pasi) inobatanidza manotsi ari padyo neurefu hwakafanana, ichipfupisa nguva yadzo. Ligi inobatanidza manotsi maviri kana anopfuura panzvimbo dzakasiyana zvinoreva kuita kwakabatana kwemanzwi aya kana legato.

Fermata - chiratidzo chinoratidza kumuiti kuti anofanira kuwedzera nguva yenoti kana kumbomira pakufunga kwake.

Kudzokorora zviratidzo

Paunenge uchiita chidimbu, zvinowanzodiwa kudzokorora chidimbu chayo kana chidimbu chose. Kuti uite izvi, mumhanzi notation, zviratidzo zvekudzokorora zvinoshandiswa - reprises. Mimhanzi yakaiswa pakati pezviratidzo izvi inofanira kudzokororwa. Dzimwe nguva painodzokororwa, pane magumo akasiyana. Muchiitiko ichi, pamagumo ekudzokorora, mabheji anoshandiswa - volts. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kwekutanga, zviyero zvekupedzisira zvakavharwa muvheti yekutanga inotambidzwa, uye panguva yekudzokorora, zviyero zvekutanga zvevolt zvinodarika uye zviyero zvechipiri volt zvinotambwa panzvimbo.

Pace

Mumhanzi notation inoratidzawo tempo yekuumbwa. Tempo ndiko kumhanya kunoridzwa chidimbu chemimhanzi.

Kune matatu makuru ekuuraya kumhanya: inononoka, ine mwero uye nekukurumidza. Iyo tempo huru inowanzo ratidzwa pakutanga chaiko kwebasa. Pane mazita mashanu makuru ematempos aya: Zvishoma nezvishoma - adagio (Adagio), Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvakadzikama - andante (Andante), zvine mwero - moderato (Moderato), Nenguva isipi - allegro (Allegro), Fast - presto (Presto). Avhareji yenhanho idzi - moderato - inoenderana nekumhanya kwenhanho yakadzikama.

Kazhinji, paunenge uchiita chidimbu chemimhanzi, unofanirwa kukurumidza kana kudzikisa tempo yayo huru. Idzi shanduko mu tempo dzinowanzo tsanangurwa nemazwi anoti: Accelerando, yakapfupikiswa sekuti accel. (accelerando) – kumhanyisa, Ritenuto, (ritenuto) rakadimburirwa riti. - kuderera, uye tempo (uye tempo) - pamwero wakafanana (kudzoreredza nhanho yapfuura mushure mekukurumidza kukurumidza kana kuderedza).

vhorumu

Paunenge uchiita chidimbu chemimhanzi, kuwedzera kune tempo, iyo inodiwa ruzha (simba) rezwi rinofanirawo kuverengwa. Chese chine chekuita neruzha chinonzi dynamic tints. Iyi mimvuri inoratidzwa mune zvinyorwa, kazhinji pakati pematanda. Mazita anonyanya kushandiswa esimba rekurira ndeaya anotevera: pp (pianisimo) - yakanyarara, p (piano) - yakapfava, mf (mezzo-forte) - ine simba repakati, f (forte) - ruzha, ff (fortissimo) - zvikuru kwazvo. Pamwe chete nezviratidzo <(crescendo) - zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera inzwi uye > (diminuendo) - zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza inzwi.

Pamwe chete nemazita epamusoro e tempos, manotsi anowanzo aine mazwi anoratidza mamiriro ekuita kwemimhanzi yebasa, semuenzaniso: munyoro, munyoro, agile, anotamba, ane hunyanzvi, zvine hungwaru, nezvimwe.

Melisma zviratidzo

Melisma zviratidzo hazvichinje tempo kana rhythmic patani yerwiyo, asi kungoshongedza chete. Kune marudzi anotevera e-melisms:

• grace note ( ) - inotaridzwa nekanyoro kadiki pamberi peiyo huru. Kanoti kadiki kakachinjikwa kanoratidza katsamba kapfupi kenyasha, uye kasina kuchinjikwa kanoratidza kureba. Inoumbwa neinoti imwe kana kupfuura inonzwika pamutengo wenguva yeinoti huru. Zvinenge zvisina kumboshandiswa mumimhanzi yemazuva ano.
• modent ( ) - zvinoreva kuchinjana kwenoti huru neyokuwedzera imwe kana semitone yakaderera kana pamusoro payo. Kana iyo modent yakayambuka kunze, ipapo inzwi rekuwedzera rakaderera pane iro guru, kana zvisina kudaro rakakwirira. Kashoma kushandiswa mune zvemazuva ano mimhanzi notation.
• groupetto ( ) Nekuda kwenguva yeinoti huru, iyo yekumusoro yekubatsira, huru, yepasi yekubatsira uye zvakare manzwi makuru anoridzwa achichinjana. Zvinenge zvisingawaniki muzvinyorwa zvemazuva ano.
• katatu ( ) - kukurumidza kuchinjana kwemanzwi akaparadzaniswa netinhi kana semitone kubva kune mumwe. Chinyorwa chekutanga chinonzi main note, uye chechipiri chinonzi chebetsero uye chinowanzomira pamusoro pechikuru. Nguva yese yetatu inotsamira panguva yeinoti huru, uye trill manotsi haatambwe nenguva chaidzo uye anoridzwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
• vibrato ( usapesane nekatatu!) – kukurumidza kuchinja kwenhamba kwenzwi kana kuti timbre yeruzha. Nzira yakajairika yevanoridza magitare, iyo inowanikwa nekukwenya chigunwe patambo.

Pano, zvinoita sekunge, zvese izvo gitare wese anoda kuziva, kutanga. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve musical notation, unofanirwa kutarisa kune yakakosha mabhuku edzidzo.