Ornaments |

kubva. lat. ornamentum - kushongedzwa

Mitsindo yenguva pfupi, inoshongedza iyo huru melodic pateni. O. inosanganisira acc. marudzi endima, tyrates, figuration, nyasha. Chikamu cheO. chinosanganisirawo tremolo uye vibrato. Pedyo nayo pane mamwe marudzi eunnotated rhythmic. kuchinja kunoitwa mukushanda kwekuita - rubato, Lombard rhythm, nezvimwewo zvinyorwa zvisina kuenzana (noti inégales). Ekupedzisira akashandiswa muchiFrench. harpsichord mimhanzi 17-18 mazana emakore. Kusiyana kwavo kukuru - kubvumirwa mukutsanangurwa. mamiriro, kuita kweakapetwa gumi nematanhatu, masere, kota mune yemahara, iri pedyo neine rhythm ine dotted. O. details melodic. mutsara, unoizadza nekutaura, inowedzera kutsvedzerera kwekuchinja kwenzwi. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana.

Mumabviro ayo uye kushanduka O. yakanyatsobatana nekuvandudza. Kwenguva yakareba muWestern Europe. Prof. monophony yakatekeshera munziyo. Sezvo, muchiitiko ichi, munyori uye mutambi vaiwanzobatanidzwa mumunhu mumwe chete, mamiriro akanaka akagadzirwa kuitira hupfumi hwekuvandudza kweunyanzvi hwekushongedza kwakasiyana-siyana kunovhara mimhanzi yemimhanzi. mutsetse muzvizhinji kana muzvisikwa. zvidimbu. Rudzi urwu rwekushongedza nziyo runodanwa. mahara O. Inotora nzvimbo yakakosha muminyuziyamu ichiri isina kukwana. tsika dzevanhu vasiri vekuEurope. Mafomu makuru emahara O., akamiswa muWestern Europe yekare. mimhanzi, kuderera (3) uye coloratura. Coloratura inogonawo kusanganisira zvishongedzo zvidiki, zvakadzikama. manzwi, to-rye inowanzonzi melismas. Arpeggios inogonawo kuiswa se melismas, iyo, semusiyano, inoreva akati wandei. manzwi anoumba chord. Zvishongedzo zvakasarudzwa zvakakosha. zvidhori kana zvakanyorwa muzvinyorwa zvidiki. Muitiro wakawanda wezvakaitika kare weEurope kubudirira O. - chido chekutonga nekuchengetedzwa kusingadzivisiki kwezvinhu zvekuvandudza.

Muzvinyorwa zveByzantine neGregorian hymns, ch. arr. ekutanga, pamwe chete nemhando dzakakosha dze-neum-decorations (somuenzaniso, quilisms), iyo yakakosha iyo isati yanyatsojekeswa, inowanikwa nemabheji ane njere. Kuwanda kwaO. kwakasiyana, maererano nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda, mamwe maRussia. kondakar kuimba (onawo Fita).

MuWestern Europe. (kunyanya Italian-Spanish) polygoal. wok. mimhanzi yekupera kweMiddle Ages uye Renaissance (motets, madrigals, nezvimwewo) sekuvandudzwa. element kuita. art-va the diminution technique yakagamuchira kukura kukuru. Akaitawo imwe yezvinyorwa zvehunyoro. nheyo dzekare dzakadaro instr. mhando senge prelude, ricercar, toccata, fantasy. Dep. mafomula akaderera zvishoma nezvishoma akabuda kubva mukuratidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwekutaura kwakasununguka, kutanga pane zvese pakupera kwemutinhimira. zvivakwa (muzvikamu). Around ser. 15th c. maari. org. tablature yakaonekwa yekutanga graphic. mabheji ekunyora kwekushongedza. K ser. 16th century yakave yakashandiswa zvakanyanya - in decomp. zvakasiyana uye zvinongedzo - morden, trill, gruppetto, to-rye zvichiri pakati pezvikuru. instr. zvishongo. Sezviri pachena, ivo vakaumbwa mumuitiro we instr. performance.

Kubva pa2nd floor. 16th century yakasununguka O. yakagadziridzwa hl. arr. muItaly, kunyanya mune imwe melodic. kupfuma kwe solo wok. mimhanzi, pamwe chete nemuridzi weviolinist anokwevera kune hunhu hwakanaka. music. Panguva iyoyo mune violin. Mumhanzi hausati wawana kushandiswa kwakakura kwe vibrato, iyo inopa kutaura kune mitsindo yakatambanudzwa, uye kushongedza kwakapfuma kwerwiyo kwakashandiswa sechinotsiva. Melismatic kushongedzwa (zvishongedzo, zvibvumirano) zvakagamuchira budiriro yakakosha muhunyanzvi hweFrench. lutenists uye harpsichordists vezana remakore rechi17 ne18, avo vaiva nehunhu hwekutsamira pakutamba. marudzi akaiswa kune sophisticated stylization. Mumhanzi weFrench maive nehukama hwepedyo instr. zvibvumirano newok yenyika. mashoko (anonzi airs de cour), ayo pachawo akanga akazara nekutamba. plastiki. Mhandara dzechiRungu (mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 16), dzinowanzoita nziyo dzemadingindira uye nekusiyana kwayo. budiriro, mundima yeO. yakawedzera kukwevera kune nzira yekuderedza. Vashoma vane melismatic. mifananidzo inoshandiswa nemhandara haigoni kunyatsotsanangurwa. MuAustria clavier art-ve, iyo yakatanga kukura zvakanyanya kubva pakati. Muzana ramakore rechi 17, kusvika kuJS Bach, kubatanidza, magiravhiti akananga kuItaly. diminutional uye French. melismatic zvitaera. Pavaimbi vechiFrench vezana remakore rechi17 ne18. yakava tsika kuperekedza kuunganidzwa kwemitambo ine matafura ezvishongedzo. Tafura yakanyanya kusimba (ine makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe emhando dze melismas) yakatangira kuunganidzwa kweharpsichord naJA d'Anglebert (29); kunyangwe matafura erudzi urwu achionekwa seasina basa. kusawirirana, kwava rudzi rwemutauro wemuno. mabhuku ezvishongo. Kunyanya, mutafura yakamisikidzwa naBach kune "Clavier Book raWilhelm Friedemann Bach" (1689), yakawanda inokweretwa kubva kud'Anglebert.

Kusimuka kubva kumahara O. kuenda kune yakadzorwa zvishongo pakati peFrench. muridzi we harpsichord akaiswa mu orc. mimhanzi naJB Lully. Nekudaro, maFrench mutemo wezvishongo hauna kuomesesa, nekuti kunyangwe iyo tafura yakadzama inoratidza kududzira kwavo chaiko kune yakajairika maapplication. Kutsauka kudiki kunobvumidzwa, kunoenderana neakananga maficha emamuse. machira. Vanotsamira pane sutu uye kuravira kwemuiti, uye mune editions ane zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa - pane stylistic. ruzivo, misimboti uye kuravira kwevapepeti. Kutsauka kwakafanana hakudzivisiki mukuita kwemitambo yeFrench luminate. harpsichordism yaP. Couperin, uyo akaramba achida kuti mitemo yake ishandiswe pakududzira zvishongo. Franz. zvakanga zvakajairikawo kuti maharpsichordists atore kushongedzwa kwakaderera pasi pekutonga kwemunyori, izvo zvavakanyora, kunyanya, mukusiyana. duplicates.

To con. Muzana ramakore rechi 17, apo vaimbi vechiFrench hapsichord vave vagadziri vemafashoni mumunda wavo, zvishongo zvakaita se trill nenyasha noti, pamwe chete nenziyo. basa, vakatanga kuita harmonic itsva. basa, kugadzira uye kurodza dissonance pane yakaderera yebhari. JS Bach, saD. Scarlatti, aiwanzo nyora zvishongedzo zvakasiyana zvakanyanya. chinyorwa chemimhanzi (ona, semuenzaniso, Chikamu II cheItaly Concerto). Izvi zvakabvumira IA Sheiba kutenda kuti nekuita kudaro, Bach anonyima mabasa ake. "runako rwekuwirirana", nekuti vanyori panguva iyoyo vaifarira kunyora zvese zvekushongedza nemifananidzo kana zvinyorwa zvidiki, zvekuti mune graphic. zvinyorwa zvakanyatsotaura kuwirirana. euphony yemhando huru.

F. Couperin ane chiFrench chakanatswa. iyo harpsichord style yakasvika pakakwirira. Mumitambo yakakura yeJF Rameau, chishuwo chakazarurwa kuti chiende kunze kwemiganhu yekufungisisa kwekamuri, kusimbisa masimba anoshanda ebudiriro, kuishandisa kumimhanzi. kunyora zvakafara zvekushongedza sitiroko, kunyanya, muchimiro chekumashure kuwirirana. figurations. Saka maitiro ekushandisa zvine mwero zvekushongedza muRameau, pamwe neiyo yakazotevera French. harpsichordists, semuenzaniso. paJ. Dufly. Nekudaro, muchikamu che3. 18th century O. yasvika padanho idzva mukugadzirwa. Yakabatanidzwa ne sentimentalist maitiro. Mumiriri akakurumbira weiyi art. kutungamira mumhanzi kwakaitwa naFE Bach, munyori wenyaya "Chiitiko chenzira chaiyo yekuridza clavier", umo akateerera zvakanyanya kumibvunzo yaO.

Iyo yakazotevera yakakwira maruva eViennese classicism, inoenderana nehutsva hwekunaka. pfungwa, zvakakonzera kushandiswa kwakasimba uye zvine mwero kweO. Zvakadaro, akaramba achiita basa guru mubasa raJ. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart uye wechidiki L. Beethoven. Free O. yakaramba iri muEurope. music prime. mumunda wekusiyanisa, virtuoso conc. cadenzas uye wok. coloratura. Iyo yekupedzisira inoratidzwa murudo. fp. mumhanzi 1st floor. 19th century (mukunyanya mafomu ekutanga naF. Chopin). Panguva imwe cheteyo, kunzwika kusinganzwisisike kwe melismas kwakabva kune makonzonendi; kunyanya, trill yakatanga kutanga preim. kwete nemubatsiri, asi nemukuru. ruzha, kazhinji nekuumbwa kwekunze kwekurohwa. Yakadaro harmonic uye rhythmic. kupfavisa O. kusiyanisa nekuwedzera dissonance yemakoriti pachawo. Kukura kusati kwamboitika kweharmonica kwakava chimiro chevanyori verudo. kufananidzira mamiriro ekunze mufp. mimhanzi ine ruvara rwakakura. kushandiswa kwepedalization, pamwe chete nemifananidzo yetimbre-mavara. invoice mu orc. zvibodzwa. Mu 2nd floor. 19th century O.'s value yakadzikira. Muzana remakore rechi20 basa rekusununguka O. rakawedzera zvakare maererano nekusimbiswa kwekuvandudzwa. yakatanga mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemimhanzi. okugadzira zvinhu, semuenzaniso. mumhanzi we jazz. Pane yakakura methodological-theretical. Zvinyorwa pamusoro pematambudziko eO. Inogadzirwa nekuedza kusinganeti kujekesa zvakanyanya zviitiko zveO., "kuramba" izvi mukuvandudza kwavo. nature. Zvizhinji zveizvo vanyori vemabasa vanopa semitemo yakazara yakazara yekudhirodha, kutaura zvazviri, inoshanduka kuve ingori kurudziro.

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