Basic toni |

Main toni - ruzha rwakanyanya mukati meboka rakapihwa rekurira, imwe yemhando dzepakati. chinhu cheinoenderana inonzwika system. Siyanisa pakati peO.t. interval, chord, tonality (tonic melodic mode), chidimbu chose, pamwe neO. t. natural scale. O. t. inomiririra tsigiro, abutment, pekutangira.

O. t. interval - ruzha rwayo rukuru, kuzviisa pasi peimwe inzwi. Maererano naP. Hindemith (1937), nzvimbo ine hukama yemusiyano musanganiswa toni inoratidza inotevera O. t. mukati menguva:

O. t. of a chord inzwi rayo guru, maererano neKrom hunhu hwayo uye zvinoreva muladotonality zvakatemwa. Maererano naJF Rameau (1722), Ot yechitatu chord ndiyo "harmonic centre" (centre harmonique), iyo inobatanidza kubatanidzwa pakati pemanzwi echord. Kusiyana neiyo chaiyo-inonzwika basse-enderera, Rameau anovaka imwe - basse-fondamentale, iyo inoteedzana yeO. t. chords:

Basic bass yaive yekutanga sainzi. kutsigirwa kweharmonics. tonality. Mukutsanangura O. t. yefacd type chord muC-dur, Rameau akaisa dzidziso ye "double application" (double emploi): kana chord ichienda mberi mu gghd, its O. t. Inzwi d, kana muna c -gce, ipapo f. The stepped theory of kuwirirana (GJ Fogler, 1800; G. Weber, 1817; PI Tchaikovsky, 1872; NA Rimsky-Korsakov, 1884-85; G. Schenker, 1906, nezvimwewo) inogumisa yechitatu musimboti wekuvaka chords uye inotora zveO.t. ruzha rwepasi rwechirungu rwakaderedzwa kusvika kune chikuru. vidu - mutsara wezvikamu zvitatu; pakurira kwega kwega kwechiyero se osn. toni, triad uye yechinomwe chords (pamwe neisiri-chords) inovakwa. Muchidzidzo chekushanda che X. Riemann, mutsauko unoitwa pakati peO. t. uye prima of a chord (muchikamu chikuru, zvose zvinopindirana, mune zviduku hazviiti; somuenzaniso, mu ace O. t. - inzwi a, asi prima - e ). P. Hindemith anoisa dzidziso itsva yetestamende yekare, inotarwa neinopindirana yakasimba uye ine nguva yakanyatsojeka yekuona (somuenzaniso, kana paine chikamu chechishanu mundiro, Testamende yekare inova Testamende yekare yenhevedzano yose; kana zvikamu zvishanu kwete, asi pane quart, basa re general O. t. rinoitwa neO. t., nezvimwewo). Dzidziso yaO. t. Hindemith inokubvumira kuti uongorore ma consonances emazuva ano. mimhanzi, isingasvikike kune yakapfuura dzidziso uye saka haina kana kutariswa chords:

Inoshandiswa muzana remakore rechi20. nzira dzetsanangudzo yaO. ye t. zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Semuenzaniso, mune chord des-f-as-h (muC-dur, ona muenzaniso): maererano neinowanzoitika nhanho system mukubatana kwechikoro O. t. - ruzha h; maererano nenzira yeHindemith - des (inonyanya kuoneka kunzeve); maererano nedzidziso inoshanda yeRiemann - g (kunyangwe iyo isipo mune chord, irwo ruzha rukuru rwebasa guru.

O. t. tonality (modhi) - ruzha rukuru, nhanho yekutanga yechiyero chemodal.

Muchiyero chechisikigo - inzwi rezasi, zvakasiyana nepamusoro-soro iri pamusoro payo (chaizvoizvo overtones).

References: Tchaikovsky PI, Nhungamiro yezvidzidzo zvinoshanda zvekuwirirana, M., 1872; Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Harmony Textbook, St. Petersburg, 1884-85; rake pachake, Practical textbook of harmony, St. Petersburg, 1886 (zvakafanana, Poln. sobr. soch., vol. IV, M., 1960); Nzira inoshanda yetsinhirano, zvikamu 1-2, M., 1934-35; Rameau J.-Ph., Traité de l'harmonie reduite a ses principes naturels, P., 1722; Weber G., Versuch einer geordneten Theorie der Tonsetzkunst, Bd 1-3, Mainz, 1817-1821; Riemann H., Vereinfachte Harmonielehre oder die Lehre von den tonalen Funktionen der Akkorde, L. – NY, (1893) zvake, Systematische Modulationslehre als Grundlage der musikalischen Formenlehre, Hamb., 1901 (Russian Rinetic do. modulation sehwaro hwedzidziso yemhando dzemimhanzi, M. - Leipzig, 1887, 1898); Hindemith R., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, TI. 1929, Mainz, 1.

Yu. H. Kholopov