Mimhanzi alphabet |
Mimhanzi alphabet - yekare Russian theoretical. mvumo (zita rokuti "alfabheti" rakatanga kushandiswa kwavari chete muzana remakore rechi18). Vekutanga vavo vanodzokera kuzana remakore rechi15. Vaiverengerwa mumabhuku ekuimba, vachitora mapeji 2-3 muquarto. Wekutanga A.m. vaiganhurirwa kune runyoro rwezviratidzo zvekuimba - mireza (ona. Znamenny chant). Muzana ramakore rechi 16, mune mamwe mabhuku ezvinyorwa, “dudziro yemureza” yakawedzerwa kurondedzero, iine tsananguro yekuti “inoimbwa sei” uye kugovera “maererano nemanzwi” (ona Osmoglasie). Mafitsi akapihwawo muA.m., kureva melodic. maitiro akanyorwa nerubatsiro rwechinhu chakakosha, "chakavharwa pakavanda" kusanganiswa kwezviratidzo zveZnamenny kunyora. Inokwana yakashanda semanzwi, ichibatsira kukudziridza ndangariro dzemimhanzi, kufema, uye hunyanzvi mukuridza cantilena uye zvirevo. Sezvo nhamba yefitsi yakawedzera (pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 16 pakanga patova nevanopfuura zana vavo), zvakava zvakaoma zvikuru kuzvirangarira. Paidiwa ma special allowances - aya anonzi. fitniks; vakapiwa mashoko akanyorwa anoenderana nemazita avo, uye mashoko acho akapiwa, ayo aiwanzoshandiswa nawo mukuimba. Gare gare, "kupatsanurwa" kwakatanga kuiswa mufitniks, kureva, zvinyorwa zvezvakafanana zvakakodzerwa mune yakajairika hook notation. Kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17, mabhuku ezvinyorwa anooneka seti dzenziyo dzakaumba hwaro hwenziyo yeZnamenny - "kokizniki" (kubva kuKokiza - zita rekare rechiRussia rekuimba). Kokiza yakagoverwa maererano nemanzwi. Pedyo nekunyorwa kwekokiza nezita rayo, izwi kana mutsara kubva kuPh.D. nziyo dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa umo inoshandiswa.
Iyo yakanyanya kukwana uye yakarongeka theoretical. Nhungamiro yekuimba kwaZnamenny ndeye Notice yeConcordant Marks, iyo yakanyorwa muna 1668 neboka renyanzvi rinotungamirwa nemumongi akadzidza Alexander Mezenet. Mune basa iri, kekutanga, hurongwa hwemamaki, kureva, mamwe mazita akajekesa ideographic. hook kunyora system.
Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 17, pakatanga kushandiswa mutsara wemitsara mishanu, imwe mhando yezvinyorwa zvedzidziso yakagadzirwa. mvumo - mabhenekeri maviri, umo, mukuwirirana nehook notation ye kokiz uye yakakodzera, shanduro yavo mu notolinear system inopiwa (ona Double banner). Mumakore ekuma90, mumongi Tikhon Makaryevsky akanyora "Kiyi" yekuverenga tsamba yehoko, umo zvinorehwa nehokwe, nziyo uye mafitsi zvinotsanangurwa uchishandisa mashanu-mutsara notation.
Kuimba kuimba kwerudzi rwekare kwakaramba kuripo kare muzana ramakore rechi 18, uye kwakashandiswa neVatendi Vekare gare gare, asi kwakanga kusisina kukosha kwakafanana, sezvo kuvandudzwa kwenziyo yeznamenny pachayo kwakaguma pakupera kwe17th ne18th. mazana emakore.
Manyoro aA. m. vakachengetedzwa muhurumende. archives uye inoshanda seyakakosha sosi yekudzidza yekare Russian mimhanzi tsika.
References: Iyo ABC yeZnamenny Singing (Chiziviso cheConcordant Marks) naElder Alexander Mezenets. Rakabudiswa netsananguro uye manotsi naSt. Smolensky, Kazan, 1888; Uspensky N., Unyanzvi hwekare hwekuRussia hwekuimba, M., 1965, 1971; Brazhnikov MV, dzidziso yekare yeRussia yemimhanzi, L., 1972.
ND Uspensky
