Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (Wiener Philharmoniker) |

Wiener Philharmoniker

Yekutanga nyanzvi konzati orchestra muAustria, imwe yekare muEurope. Yakavambwa padanho remunyori uye kondakita Otto Nicolai, mutsoropodzi uye muparidzi A. Schmidt, mutambi weviolin K. Holz uye nyanduri N. Lenau. Koniti yekutanga yeVienna Philharmonic Orchestra yakaitika munaKurume 28, 1842, yakaitwa naO. Nicolai. The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra inosanganisira vaimbi vanobva kuVienna Opera Orchestra. Orchestra inotungamirirwa nekomiti yevanhu gumi. Pakutanga, boka racho rakaita pasi pezita rokuti "Orchestral Staff yeImperial Court Opera". Kuma10s. mafomu ehurongwa ebasa reorchestra akagadzirwa, ayo akachengetedzwa nanhasi: iyo Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra gore negore inopa kutenderera kwemakonzati masere ekunyoreswa kweSvondo, anodzokororwa nemusi weMuvhuro (anotangirwa neyakavhurika rehearsals). Pamusoro pemakonzati ekuzvinyoresa enguva dzose, anotevera anoitwa gore negore: konzati yekurangarira muvambi weboka O. Nicolai, konzati yeGore Idzva inoyemurika kubva kumabasa emimhanzi yakareruka yeViennese uye akati wandei ekonzati dzekuwedzera. Concerts yeVienna Philharmonic Orchestra inoitika muGreat Hall yeVienna Musikverein masikati.

Iyo Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra yakatora nzvimbo yakakurumbira muhupenyu hwemimhanzi yenyika. Kubva 1860, orchestra, sekutonga, yakaitwa pasi pekutungamirirwa kwevatungamiri vayo zvachose - O. Dessoff (1861-75), X. Richter (1875-98), G. Mahler (1898-1901). Richter naMahler vakanyanya kuwedzera repertoire yavo, kusanganisira mabasa nevanyori vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana (A. Dvorak, B. Smetana, Z. Fibich, P. Tchaikovsky, C. Saint-Saens, nezvimwewo). Inotungamirirwa naRichter, Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra yakatanga kuenda kuSalzburg (1877), uye pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaMahler akaita rwendo rwekutanga kune dzimwe nyika (Paris, 1900). Vaimbi vakuru vakakokwa sevatariri vekushanyira: kubva ku1862, I. Brahms, pamwe naR. Wagner (1872, 1875), A. Bruckner (1873), uye G. Verdi (1875), vakadzokorora kakawanda neVienna Philharmonic Orchestra.

Muzana remakore rechi20, boka racho rakanga richitungamirirwa nevaitisi vanosanozivikanwa F. Weingartner (1908-27), W. Furtwängler (1927-30, 1938-45), G. Karajan (1956-64). F. Schalk, F. Motl, K. Muck, A. Nikisch, E. Schuh, B. Walter, A. Toscanini, K. Schuricht, G. Knappertsbusch, V. De Sabata, K. Kraus, K Böhm; kubva ku1906 (kusvika pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake) R. Strauss akaita pamwe neVienna Philharmonic Orchestra, uyo akanyora Solemn Fanfare ye orchestra (1924). Kubva muna 1965 ochestra yave ichishanda nevaitisi vekushanya. Pakati pezvakabudirira zvikuru zveVienna Philharmonic Orchestra kuita kwemimhanzi naJ. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Schubert, R. Schumann, J. Brahms, A. Bruckner, H. Mahler, uye zvakare R. Wagner, R. Strauss. Kubva 1917 iyo Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra yanga iri yepamutemo orchestra yeSalzburg Festivals.

Orchestra iyi ine vanhu vangangosvika zana nemakumi maviri. Nhengo dzeVienna Philharmonic Orchestra zvakare inhengo dzeakasiyana kamuri ensembles, kusanganisira iyo Barilli uye Concerthaus quartets, iyo Vienna Octet, uye Wind Ensemble yeVienna Philharmonic. Orchestra yakaramba ichitenderera Europe neAmerica (muUSSR - muna 120 uye 1962).

MM Yakovlev

Iyo orchestra inogarotora nzvimbo yekutanga mune ese epasi rose ratings. Kubva 1933, timu yanga ichishanda isina mutungamiriri wehunyanzvi, ichisarudza nzira yekuzvitonga kwedemocracy. Vaimbi pamisangano mizhinji vanogadzirisa nyaya dzese dzesangano uye dzekugadzira, vachiona kuti ndeupi kondakita wekukoka nguva inotevera. Uye panguva imwe chete vanoshanda mumaokestra maviri panguva imwe chete, vari mubasa rehurumende paVienna Opera. Avo vanoda kujoina Philharmonic Orchestra vanofanira kuongorora opera uye kushanda ikoko kwemakore matatu. Kwemakore anopfuura zana, timu yave iri varume chete. Mifananidzo yevakadzi vokutanga yakagamuchirwa ikoko mukupera kwema1990 yakaoneka pamabutiro emapepanhau nemagazini.