Academy |

1) Zita remasangano mazhinji esainzi, nezve-mukati uye masangano edzidzo. Izwi rokuti "A". inobva pazita rengano. gamba Akadem (Akadnmos), mukuremekedza uyo nzvimbo iri pedyo neAtene yakatumidzwa, uko muzana remakore rechina BC. e. Plato akadzidzisa vadzidzi vake. MuItaly, yekutanga A. yakasimuka muhafu yepiri. Zana ramakore rechi 4 senzanga dzakasununguka, dzakasununguka pamakomo. uye chechi. zviremera, kubatanidza vazivi, masayendisiti, vanadetembi, vaimbi, vanokudzwa uye vakajekerwa vasingazivi uye kuisa sechinangwa chavo kusimudzira nekusimudzira sainzi nehunyanzvi. Vaifarira tsigiro yokunyama yenhengo dzavo (dzakawanda dzacho dzaiva dzemapoka evakuru vakuru) uye vaiva pasi porutsigiro rwematare emuchinda neaviri. Imwe yemasangano aya yakavambwa muna 2 mudare raDuke Lorenzo Medici muFlorence uye yakatumidza academy mukukudza Greek Greek. chikoro chefilosofi chaPlato. Mumakore 15-1470. A. yakapararira muItaly (kwaiva naSt. 16 A.) uye, mukuwirirana navakararama panguva imwe cheteyo, kuvafarira kwakasvika pa“chishuvo chamasimba masimba.” Kukakavadzana kwesainzi, makonti, mimhanzi. uye nhetembo. makwikwi ndiwo aive hwaro hwekuita kwaA. Basa ravo mukutanga tsika dzenyika rakanga rakakura zvikuru. A. yakabatsira pakupararira kwevanhu. pfungwa, kuumbwa kwehunyanzvi hutsva. style.

Paive nemhando mbiri dzeA.:

a) nzanga dzakadzidza, dzakasanganiswa mukuumbwa kwenhengo, muzviitiko zvadzo, pamwe nekukakavadzana, kuvhenekerwa. kugadzira mimhanzi kwakatora nzvimbo huru mukuverenga. Vakadaro A. vaiva muVenice - A. Pellegrina (yakatangwa muna 1550), muFlorence - A. della Crusca (yakatangwa muna 1582), muBologna - A. della Galati (yakatangwa muna 1588) uye A. dei Concordi (yakatangwa 1615) uye mune dzakawanda. mamwe maguta. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeRoman A. dell'Arcadia (yakavambwa muna 1692), iyo yakabatanidza vanokudzwa, masayendisiti, vadetembi, uye vaimbi. Mitezo yaro (“shepherd’s bmi”) yakanga yakawanda. vakakurumbira vokuItaly. vaimbi vakahwanda seri kwenhetembo dzenhema: semuenzaniso, A. Scarlatti ainzi Terpander, A. Corelli - Arcimello, B. Pasquini - Protico, etc. Misangano yeA. (mhemberero maererano nemhando dzekare, nhetembo uye makwikwi emimhanzi, nezvimwewo) akatora nzvimbo muchipfuva chechisikigo. Pano nhengo dzeA. dzakazorora kubva kudare repamutemo. mhemberero; vachitendeukira kuufundisi husina maturo, vakaratidzira ichi chishuvo chomuzvarirwo, kubatanidzwa namasikirwo;

b) masangano anobatanidza Prof. vaimbi nevadi vemimhanzi. Zviitwa zveava A. zvaive zvakanangana nekusimudzira uye kudzidza kwemamiziyamu. mhosva. Vakaronga makonzati ehurumende uye ega ega, vachiita tsvakurudzo mumunda wenhoroondo uye dzidziso yemimhanzi, mimhanzi. acoustics, akatanga mimhanzi. masangano edzidzo akaronga mitambo yeopera (semuenzaniso, muA. degli Invaghiti muMantua muna 1607 kuita kwekutanga kweopera yaMonteverdi Orpheus kwakaitika). Iyo yakakurumbira academy yerudzi urwu yaive Bologna Philharmonic Academy (yakavambwa muna 1666). Kuti ugamuchirwe senhengo, zvaive zvakafanira kutsungirira mimhanzi yakaoma zvikuru-yedzidziso. miedzo. Nhengo dzeA. iyi dzaive dzekuItaly. uye vanyori vekune dzimwe nyika: J. Bassani, J. Torelli, A. Corelli, JB Martini, WA ​​Mozart, J. Myslivechek, MS Berezovsky, EI Fomin, nevamwe. The Florentine camerata (yakavambwa muna 1580 nemutsigiri wehunyanzvi J. Bardi) yaive padyo nechimiro chechiitiko, kutaridzika kwe opera kwakabatana nekucheka. MuFrance, Academy yeNhetembo uye Mimhanzi (Académie de poysie et de musique) yakave nemukurumbira. muna 1570 muParis semudetembi, lute player uye comp. JA Baiff.

2) Muchi18 - 1st chetatu chezana remakore rechi19. muItaly nedzimwe Western-European. nyika, zita remakonti emunyori, akarongwa nevanyori, pamwe nemimhanzi-inoita misangano yeruzhinji (makonzati), to-rye yakarongwa necommonwealth yevanoda mimhanzi. MuRussia, rudzi urwu rweA. rwakatanga kuonekwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18, yekutanga - muna 1790 muSt. Kwapera nguva yakati, Muses akarongwa muMoscow. A. (kuvakuru), foromani wake aiva HM Karamzin. Muna 1828 muSt. Petersburg, mutungamiriri wePridv. kuimba chapero FP Lvov osn. Muses. A. nechinangwa “chokuvaraidzwa kunofadza kwenguva yekusununguka uye kubudirira mudzidzo nekuvandudzwa kwezvinoda nziyo.” Sezvinotaura vemazuva ano, zvechokwadi. nhengo dzeA. uyu vaingoda mimhanzi chete.

3)Zita remamwe mazuvano, ch. arr. yakakwirira, masangano edzidzo emimhanzi, semuenzaniso: Royal A. Music muLondon, A. Mimhanzi uye Stage. art-va muVienna, Salzburg, National Academy "Santa Cecilia" muRome, Mus. A. (conservatory) muBelgrade, pamwe chete nedzimwe opera t-ditch (National A. Music and Dance - zita repamutemo reParisian t-ra "Grand Opera"), decomp. zvesayenzi (somuenzaniso, State A. Artistic Sciences muMoscow, State Academy of Arts, 1921-32), conc. nemamwe masangano (A. marekodhi egiramufoni anonzi Ch. Cro, A. kutamba muParis, nezvimwewo).

Kwakabva: Della Torre A., Storia dell'Accademia Platonica di Florence, Florence, 1902; Maylender M., Nhoroondo yeItaly Academy, v. 1-5, Bologna, 1926-30; Walker DP, Musical Humanism mu16th uye Early 17th Centuries, "MR," 1941, II, 1942, III (mu "The Musical Humanism," mu "The Works of the Music Science Society, No. 5, Kassel, 1949) ; ; Yates Fr. A., The French Academy mu16th cent., University of London, Warburg Inst., "Zvidzidzo", XV, L.,

IM Yampolsky