Orchestra yezviridzwa zvevanhu |

Maokestra ezviridzwa zvevanhu - Ensembles dzinosanganisira nat. zviridzwa zvemumhanzi muchimiro chazvo chepakutanga kana chakavakwa patsva. Iye. uye. ivo vane homogeneous mukuumbwa (somuenzaniso, kubva kune imwechete domra, bandura, mandolin, nezvimwewo) uye yakasanganiswa (somuenzaniso, domra-balalaika orchestra). Nheyo yesangano O. n. uye. zvinoenderana nemaitiro emimhanzi. tsika dzevanhu ava. Mumaokhestra evanhu vasingazivi polyphony, kushanda kune heterophonic: inzwi rimwe nerimwe rinoridza rwiyo rwakafanana, uye vatori vechikamu vanogona kusiyanisa. Ensembles yerudzi rwebourdon inoita rwiyo uye kuperekedza (kunyanya, kumashure): manotsi akasimba, ostinato manhamba; ensemble yakadaro inogona zvakare kuve nerhythmic chete. Orchestras dzevanhu, mimhanzi yakavakirwa harmonica. Chaizvoizvo, vanoimba rwiyo uye kuperekedza. Madiki ensembles aive akajairika pakati pevakawanda. vanhu kubvira kare, vari vatakuri venari. instr. tsika. Vakatora nzvimbo yakakura muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva (vakatamba pamazororo, michato, nezvimwewo). In instr. ensembles yematanho ekutanga ekusimudzira nzanga, mimhanzi isati yave yakazvimirira. art, inobatanidzwa neshoko, kuimba, kutamba, chiito. Semuenzaniso, maIndia ekuBrazil mukutamba kwekuvhima kune ruzha rwemapombi emapuranga, mapaipi uye madhiramu anoratidza nguruve dzemusango nevavhimi (zviito zvakadaro zvinozivikanwa pakati pevanhu vazhinji). Munziyo dzinoitwa nevaAfrica (Guinea), vanhu veIndia, Vietnam, nevamwe, mutinhimira uye mamiriro ezvinhu (kazhinji ane mutinhimira) dzimwe nguva anosiyaniswa. Mafomu chaiwo epolyphony ndiwo maitiro ePan flute ensemble (Solomon Islands), Indonesia. gamelan.

Vanhu vazhinji vakagadzira tsika. songs instr. ensembles: muRussia - mimhanzi. ensembles yevatambi venyanga, kuvikla (kuvichki) vatambi; muUkraine - utatu hwemimhanzi (violin, bass (bass), makandira kana ngoma; dzimwe nguva violin uye mabhesi; ensembles yeutatu hwemimhanzi yakakurumbira kusvika pakati pezana remakore rechi19), muBelarus - ensembles ye violin, makwakwakwa esimbi, ngoma violin, makandira, tsitsi kana dudy; muMoldova - taraf (clarinet, violin, makandira, ngoma); muUzbekistan neTajikistan - mashoklya (surnay, kornay, nagora); muTranscaucasia neNorth. Caucasus 3 yakasimba instr. ensembles - dudukchi (duduk duet), zurnachi (zurn duet, iyo inowanzowedzerwa migove), sazandari (tar, keman-cha, daf, pamwe chete nedzimwe nziyo); muLithuania - ensembles ye skuduchiai uye ragas, muLatvia - stabule uye suomi dudy, muEstonia - kumaruwa chapel (semuenzaniso, cannele, violin, harmonica).

MuRussia, folk ensembles zviridzwa zvave zvichizivikanwa kubva muzana remakore rechi12. (inotambwa pamabiko, pamazororo, panguva dzemariro; ichiperekedzwa nokuimba, kutamba). Kuumbwa kwavo kwakasanganiswa (sniffles, ngoma, rudimbwa; nyanga, rudimbwa) kana homogeneous (makwaya egooselytsiks, mbira, nezvimwewo). Muna 1870, NV Kondratiev akaronga kwaya yevatambi venyanga yeVladimir; muna 1886, NI Beloborodov akaronga chromatic orchestra. harmonica, muna 1887 VV Andreev - "The Circle of Balalaika Lovers" (ensemble yevaimbi 8), muna 1896 yakashandurwa kuva Great Russian Orchestra. Aya mapoka akaita mumaguta eRussia uye kunze kwenyika. Tichitevera muenzaniso weorchestra yaAndreev, muenzi O. n. uye. Muna 1902, G. Khotkevich, achiwedzera bandura uye lyre vatambi kune ensemble, akasika yekutanga Ukrainian. Iye. uye. MuLithuania muna 1906 ethnographic ensemble yekare cancles. In cargo. ngano, apo woks anoita basa rinotungamira. marudzi, instr. ensembles prime. achiperekedzwa nokutamba nokuimba. Muna 1888 kutakura kwekutanga kwakarongwa. nat. orchestra. MuArmenia, folk ensembles Zviridzwa zvave zviripo kubva BC. e. In con. 19th century ensemble yaashug Jivani yakawana mukurumbira.

Mumazizi nguva mamiriro ekukura kwakakura kweO. ye n inogadzirwa. uye. Mumubatanidzwa uye marepublic akazvimirira, basa rakawanda rakaitwa kuvandudza nekuvakazve mabhangi. maturusi emimhanzi akabatsira mukupfumisa kutaura kwavo. uye tech. mikana (ona Kuvakwazve kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi). Imwe yekutanga orchestras inoumbwa nemabhangi akavandudzwa. zviridzwa, ndizvo zvainzi. Eastern Symphony. orchestra yakarongwa naVG Buni muna 1925-26 muArmenia.

Kubva kuma1940 mumaEnsembles echinyakare ari kuwedzera kuunzwa kuwirirana. zvishandiso. Saka, mune ensemble yeRussia. kuvikl inowanzobatanidza snot, zhaleyka uye violin, muCaucasian duet yezurn uye dudukov inofambidzana ne "eastern" harmonica, etc. Harmonica, uye kunyanya marudzi ayo akadai sebhatani accordion, accordion, anowanikwa zvakanyanya mune zvakawanda. nat. ensembles. Kuumbwa kweRussia He. uye., ​​Kuwedzera kune bhatani accordion, ivo dzimwe nguva vanosanganisira zhaleyki, nyanga, zvipunu, uye dzimwe nguva nyere, oboe, clarinet, uye mamwe mweya. zviridzwa (somuenzaniso, mune orchestra yeRwiyo uye Dance Ensemble yeSoviet Army yakatumidzwa zita raAV Aleksandrov). Chiverengero chemapurof. Iye. uye., ​​zvakasikwa instr. mapoka enziyo nekutamba ensembles, kwaya. uye kutamba. pamwe chete, kumakomiti enhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo. Pamwe chete naProf. Iye. uye., ​​inotungamirwa nevanobatanidzwa uye rep. Philharmonic uye inotungamira yakafara conc. basa, muU.S.R, maAmateurs akapararira. orchestra uye ensembles (padzimba dzetsika, makirabhu). Iye. uye. simuka mumarepublic uko kwaimbova pasina polyphony uye ensemble kutamba (semuenzaniso, muKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan). Pakati pevakanyanya kuipa. Iye. uye: Rus. nar. orchestra them. NP Osipova (Moscow, kubvira 1940), Rus. nar. orchestra them. VV Andreeva (ona Orchestra yeRussia Folk Instruments), Kazakh. folk orchestra zvishandiso kwavari. Kurmangazy (1934), Uzbek. zviridzwa zvefolk orchestra (1938), Nar. orchestra yeBSSR (1938), orchestra mold. nar. zviridzwa (1949, kubvira 1957 "Fluerash") uye ensemble ye nar. mimhanzi "Folklore" (1968) muMoldova, orchestra Rus. nar. kwaya yavo. MB Pyatnitsky, orchestra paRwiyo neKutamba Ensemble yeMazi. varwise. AV Aleksandrova; instr. boka parwiyo rweKarelian nekutamba pamwe chete "Kantele" (1936), lit. Ensemble "Letuva" (1940), Ukr. nar. kwaya yavo. G. Veryovki (1943). Orchestras uye Ensembles zviridzwa zvine yakakura repertoire, iyo inosanganisira instr. mitambo, kutamba uye nziyo dzevanhu veUSSR uye kunze kwenyika. nyika, pamwe nemazizi. vanyori (kusanganisira avo vakanyorerwa zvakananga O. n. uye.), classical. music.

Kutamba makirasi pa nar. zvishandiso, makadhi ekudzidzisa Prof. vatambi, vatungamiri, vadzidzisi uye vatungamiri vemifananidzo. mitambo yemamateur, inowanikwa mune akati wandei epamusoro uch. masangano enyika (somuenzaniso, muLeningrad, Kyiv, Riga, Baku, Tashkent nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza, Moscow Musical uye Pedagogical Institute, mumasangano emagariro emaguta akawanda), uyewo mumhanzi. uch-shah, mumhanzi wevana. zvikoro, madenderedzwa akakosha paPalace of Culture uye maamateurs makuru. collectives.

Iye. uye. inowanikwa mune mamwe masocialist. nyika. Munyika dzekunze kune maProf. uye muenzi O. n. uye., ​​kusanganisirawo magitare, mandolin, violin, nezvimwewo zvemazuva ano. zvishandiso zvemimhanzi.

References: Andreev VV, The Great Russian Orchestra uye Kukosha Kwayo Kuvanhu, (P., 1917); Alekseev K., Amateur Orchestra yeFolk Instruments, M., 1948; Gizatov B., Kazakh state. Orchestra of Folk Instruments Kurmangazy, A.-A., 1957; Zhinovich I., State. Belarusian folk orchestra, Minsk, 1958; Vyzgo T., Petrosyants A., Uzbek orchestra yezviridzwa zvevanhu, Tash., 1962; Sokolov F., VV Andreev uye orchestra yake, L., 1962; Vertkov K., Zviridzwa zvemimhanzi zveRussia, L., 1975.

GI Blagodatov