Alteration |

kubva kunonoka ateratio - shanduko

1) Kusimudza kana kudzikisa chiyero chechiyero chikuru pasina kushandura zita rayo. Accidentals: (yakapinza, ichikwira ne semitone), (flat, falling by a semitone), (yakapinza kaviri, ichisimuka nenzwi), (yakapetwa kaviri, inodonha nenzwi). Zviratidzo zvekuwedzera katatu uye kuderera hazvishandiswi (kusarudzika kuri muRimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh, nhamba 220).

Tsaona pakutanga kwemutsara wemimhanzi ine kiyi (kiyi) inoshanda mune ese maoctave kusvika achinja. Tsaona pamberi penoti (random) inongoshanda mune imwe octave mukati mebhawa rakapihwa. Kuramba kuchinjwa kunoratidzwa nechiratidzo (bekar).

Pakutanga, pfungwa yekushandura yakasimuka maererano nekaviri pepa rezwi B, iro rakatosangana nazvo muzana remakore rechi10. Chiratidzo chakatenderera chairatidza chinyorwa chepasi (kana kuti "chinyoro", French -mol, saka izwi rekuti flat); rectangular - yakakwirira ("square", French. sarry, saka becar); chiratidzo kwenguva refu (kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 17) yaive yakaenzana vhezheni yebekar.

Mukutanga kwe17-18 mazana emakore. zvisina kurongeka uye akatanga kuita kusvika pakupera kwebhari (kare vakaramba vachishanda chete kana chinyorwa chimwechete chakadzokororwa), tsaona mbiri dzakaunzwa. Mumhanzi wemazuva ano, nekuda kwemaitiro ekuenda kuchromatization yetonal system, kumisikidzwa kwetsaona yakakosha kazhinji inorasikirwa nezvainoreva (inofanirwa kukanzurwa nekukasira). Mumhanzi wedodecaphone, tsaona dzinowanzoiswa pamberi penoti imwe neimwe yakashandurwa (kunze kweiyo inodzokororwa mukati mechiyero); zviratidzo zviviri hazvishandiswe.

2) Mudzidziso yekubatana, shanduko inowanzonzwisiswa sechigadziriso chechromatic yematanho makuru asina kugadzikana echiyero, kurodzesa kukwezva kwavo kune yakagadzikana (kune manzwi e tonic triad). Somuenzaniso, muC guru:

Chords ine chromatically modified sounded inonzi altered. Vanonyanya kukosha vavo vanoumba mapoka matatu. Nheyo yeumwe neumwe wavo ndeyekuwedzera yechitanhatu, iyo inowanikwa semitone pamusoro peimwe yeinzwi re tonic triad. Tafura yezvakachinjwa chords (maererano naIV Sposobin):

Mune imwe dudziro, kushandurwa kunowanzoreva chero kushandurwa kwechromatic kwediatonic chord, zvisinei nekuti kufamba kwechromatic kwakanangana nekurira kwetonic kana kwete (X. Riemann, G. Schenker, A. Schoenberg, G. Erpf). Semuyenzaniso, muC-dur, ce-ges iko kushandurwa kweiyo XNUMXst degree triad, a-cis-e ndiyo XNUMXth degree triad.

3) Mukunyorwa kwechirume, kushandura kupeta kaviri kwechipiri chenguva mbiri dzakaenzana dzenoti (somuenzaniso, yechipiri yezvikamu zviviri) pakushandura mita ine zvikamu zviviri kuita chikamu chimwe chete; | | mumamita maviri (mune yazvino rhythmic notation) shandura kuita | | mumatatu.

References: Tyulin Yu., Kudzidzisa pamusoro petsinhirano, chikamu I, L., 1937, M., 1966; Aerova F., Ladova alteration, K., 1962; Berkov V., Harmony, chikamu 2, M., 1964, (zvikamu zvose zvitatu muvhoriyamu imwe) M., 3; Sposobin I., Hurukuro pakufamba kwekuwirirana, M., 1970; Schenker H., Neue musikalische Theorien und Phantasien…, Bd 1968, B.-Stuttg., 1; Schönberg A., Harmonlelehre, Lpz.-W., 1906, W., 1911; Riemann H., Handbuch der Harmonie- und Modulationslehre, Lpz., 1949; Kurth E., Romantische Harmonik und ihre Krise muWagners “Tristan”, Bern, 1913; Erpf H., Studien zur Harmonie- und Klangtechnik der neueren Musik, Lpz., 1920.

Yu. N. Kholopov