Musical analysis |

(kubva muchiGiriki. kuongorora - kuparara, kuputika) - chidzidzo chesayenzi chemimhanzi. kugadzirwa: maitiro avo, chimiro, mimhanzi. mutauro, pamwe chete nebasa rechimwe nechimwe chezvikamu uye kupindirana kwavo mukushandiswa kwezviri mukati. Kuongorora kunonzwisiswa senzira yekutsvaga, DOS. pakupatsanurwa kwese kuita zvidimbu, zvinoumba zvinhu. Kuongorora kunopesana nekubatanidza - nzira yekutsvakurudza, iyo inosanganisira kubatanidza otd. zvinhu muchikamu chimwe chete. Ongororo uye synthesis iri mukubatana kwepedyo. F. Engels akacherekedza kuti “kufunga kunobatanidza zvikuru mukuparara kwezvinhu zvokuziva kuva maatomu azvo somukubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvinobatanidzwa nechimwe nechimwe muchimwe chinhu chakabatanidzwa. Hapana kuumbwa pasina ongororo” (Anti-Dühring, K. Marx naF. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 20, M., 1961, p. 41). Iko chete kusanganiswa kwekuongorora uye kuumbwa kunotungamirira kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwechiitiko chacho. Izvi zvinoshandawo kuna A.m., iyo, pakupedzisira, inofanira kugara ichitungamira kune generalization, synthesis. Maitiro maviri akadai anoita kuti tinzwisise zvakadzama zvinhu zvinodzidzwa. Izwi rokuti "A. m." inonzwisiswa uye inoshandiswa mupfungwa yakafara uye yakamanikana. Saka, naA.m. vanonzwisisa analytical. kufunga nezve chero mimhanzi. mapatani seakadaro (semuenzaniso, munhu anogona kuongorora chimiro chezvikuru uye zvidiki, misimboti yekushanda kweHarmonic mabasa, maitiro emamita mukati meimwe chimiro, mitemo yekuumbwa kwechikamu chemimhanzi, nezvimwewo). Mupfungwa iyi, izwi rokuti "A. m." inobatanidza nezwi rokuti "theoretical musicology". A. m. inodudzirwawo sekuongorora. kufunga nezve chero chinhu chemimhanzi. mutauro mukati memumwe mumhanzi. anoshanda. Uku kunzwisiswa kudiki kweshoko rekuti “A. m." ndiye mutungamiri. Mimhanzi inyanzvi yenguva pfupi, inoratidza chiitiko chechokwadi mukuita kwekukura kwavo, saka, iyo yakakosha kukosha mukuongorora kwemuses. prod. uye zvinhu zvayo zvega zvine kugadzwa kwemaitiro ebudiriro.

Imwe yemhando huru yekutaura kweunyanzvi. mufananidzo mumimhanzi muses. topic. Kudzidza kwemisoro uye kuenzanisa kwavo, zvese zvine musoro. budiriro ndiyo nguva inonyanya kukosha pakuongorora basa. Thematic Ongororo inofanidzawo kujekeswa kwekwakabva rudzi rwemadingindira. Sezvo rudzi rwacho rwakabatana neimwe mhando yezvinyorwa uye nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutaura, kujekesa rudzi rwechinyorwa kunobatsira kuburitsa zvirimo.

Analysis inogoneka. music elements. zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mazviri zvinoratidza. zvinoreva: mita, rhythm (zvose mukuzvimiririra zvazvinoreva uye mukuita kwavo kwekubatana), maitiro, timbre, dynamics, etc. Harmonic (ona Harmony) uye polyphonic (ona Polyphony) kuongorora kwakakosha zvikuru, panguva iyo mavara anoonekwawo se imwe nzira yemharidzo, pamwe nekuongororwa kwemutinhimira sechikamu chakareruka chakazara chine mubatanidzwa wekutanga wekutaura. mari. Mhando inotevera yeA.m. ndiyo ongororo yezvinyorwa. mafomu ekugadzira. (kureva hurongwa chaihwo hwekuenzanisa nebudiriro, ona Chimiro cheMumhanzi) – chinosanganisira kutara rudzi nemhando yemafomu, mukujekesa misimboti yedingindira. development.

Mumarudzi ose aya, A.m. inobatanidzwa nechiyero chikuru kana chidiki chenguva pfupi, chekugadzira, asi chinodiwa kubvisa, kupatsanurwa kwechinhu chakapihwa kubva kune vamwe. Semuenzaniso, mukuongororwa kweharmonic dzimwe nguva zvakakosha kufunga nezvechiyero chega chega, zvisinei nebasa remamita, rhythm, rwiyo.

Mhando yakakosha yekuongorora - "yakaoma" kana "yakakwana" - kuongororwa kwemimhanzi. zvinyorwa zvinogadzirwa pahwaro hwekuongororwa kwezvinyorwa. mafomu, asi akasanganiswa nekudzidza kwese zvikamu zvese mukudyidzana kwavo nekusimudzira.

Kujekeswa kwenhoroondo uye stylistic. uye genre prerequisites inodiwa mumhando dzose dzeatomu, asi inonyanya kukosha mukuongorora kwakaoma (kwakazara), chinangwa chepamusoro icho chidzidzo chemimhanzi. prod. sechiitiko chesocial ideological phenomena mune yayo yese istorich. kubatana. Iyi mhando yekuongorora iri pamucheto weiyo theoretical chaiyo. uye nhoroondo musicology. Mazizi. nyanzvi dzemimhanzi dzinoita kuti data yeA.m. pahwaro hwemaitiro eMarxist-Leninist aesthetics.

A. m. inogona kushanda se decomp. zvinangwa. Kuongororwa kwezvikamu zvemumhanzi wega wega. mabasa (zvinhu zvemutauro wemimhanzi) anoshandiswa mukudzidzisa uye pedagogical. makosi, mabhuku ezvidzidzo, zvekushandisa pakudzidzisa uye in tooretich. research. Muzvidzidzo zvesainzi zvinoenderana nerudzi rwavo uye netarisiro chaiyo inoiswa pakuongorora kwakadzama otd. achataura. zvinhu, mapatani ezvinyorwa. mafomu emimhanzi anoshanda. Muzviitiko zvakawanda mukuratidzwa kwe general theoretical. matambudziko sehumbowo hwenzvimbo yakarongwa inoongororwa zvakateerana. sampuli - zvinyorwa kubva mumhanzi. mabasa kana mabasa ose. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekubvisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zverudzi urwu, ma analytical samples anopihwa kuti atungamire muverengi kune mhedziso dzehumwe hunhu. Iyi ndiyo inductive nzira. Nzira dzose dziri mbiri dzakafanana uye dzinogona kusanganiswa.

Comprehensive (holystic) analysis otd. mabasa - chikamu chakakosha chenhoroondo uye stylistic. tsvakiridzo, kuburitsa pachena kwekugara uchigadzira stylistic. mapatani, maitiro eimwe nat. tsika, pamwe neimwe yenzira dzekumisikidza akakosha uye akakosha maitiro emimhanzi. mhosva. Mune imwe fomu yakapfupika, inova chikamu chemonographic. tsvakurudzo yakatsaurirwa kune mumwe munyori. Kune yakakosha mhando yekuomesesa (yakazara) ongororo, iyo inopa yakajairika aesthetic. kuongororwa kwekugadzirwa pasina kudzika mukuongorora kucharatidza. zvinoreva, chimiro chechimiro, nezvimwewo. Ongororo yakadai inogona kunzi kutsoropodza-kunaka. kuongororwa kwebasa. Nekufunga kwakadaro kwemimhanzi. prod. kuongorora kwakakodzera uye kutsoropodza kwakabatana uye dzimwe nguva kunopindirana.

Basa rakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwesainzi. nzira A.m. mu 1st floor. 19th century yaitamba. nyanzvi yemimhanzi AB Marx (1795-1866). Bhuku rake Ludwig Beethoven. Hupenyu neBasa" ("Ludwig van Beethovens Leben und Schaffen", 1859-1875) ndeimwe yemuenzaniso wekutanga wemonographs, kusanganisira kuongororwa kwakadzama kwemuses. prod.

X. Riemann (1849-1919), kwakavakirwa padzidziso yake yetsinhirano, mita, chimiro, yakadzamisa dzidziso. mimhanzi yekuongorora nzira. prod. Kutarisa padivi repamutemo, zvisinei, haana kuparadzanisa tekinoroji kubva kune aesthetics. Zvinofungidzirwa uye nhoroondo zvinhu. Riemann ndiye muridzi wemabhuku ekuongorora akadai se“Guide to Fugue Composition” (“Handbuch der Fugen-Kompositionen”, Bd I-III, 1890-94, vols. I na II dzakatsaurirwa ku“Well-Tempered Clavier”, vol. III – “The Art of the Fugue” naJS Bach), “Beethoven’s Bow Quartets” (“Beethovens Streichquartette”, 1903), “All solo piano sonatas by L. van Beethoven, aesthetic. uye formal technical. kuongorora nemashoko enhoroondo” (“L. van Beethovens sämtliche Klavier-Solosonaten, ästhetische und formal-technische Analyze mit historischen Notizen”, 1918-1919), thematic. kuongororwa kweiyo 6th symphony uye symphony "Manfred" naTchaikovsky.

Pakati pemabasa akagadzira theoretical uye aesthetic. nzira yekuongorora mabasa emimhanzi. muWestern Europe musicology, tinogona kutumidza basa raG. Kretschmar (1848-1924) "Nhungamiro kumakonti" ("Führer durch Konzertsaal", 1887-90); monograph naA. Schweitzer (1875-1965) "IS Bach "(" JS Bach ", 1908), apo prod. munyori anotariswa mukubatana kwezvikamu zvitatu zvekuongorora - theoretical, aesthetic. uye kuita; chinyorwa chetatu-vhoriyamu naP. Becker (1882-1937) "Beethoven" ("Beethoven", 1911), umo munyori anoongorora symphonies uye piano. sonatas yemunyori mukuru kubva pa "pfungwa yavo yenhetembo"; bhuku raX. Leuchtentritt (1874-1951) "Kudzidzisa nezveMumhanzi Form" ("Musikalische Formenlehre", 1911) uye basa rake pachake "Analysis of Chopin's Piano Works" ("Analyse der Chopin'schen Klavierwerke", 1921-22), mu -Roy yakakwirira sainzi-theoretical. chiyero chekuongorora chinosanganiswa nekunakidza kwekufananidzira maitiro uye aesthetics. ratings; ine ongororo dzakawanda dzisiri pachena dzemabasa aE. Kurt (1886-1946) “Romantic Harmony and Its Crisis in Wagner’s Tristan” (“Romantische Harmonik und ihre Krise in Wagners “Tristan”, 1920) uye “Bruckner” (Bd 1- 2, 1925). Muchidzidzo cheA. Lorenz (1868-1939) "Chakavanzika cheFomu muna Wagner" ("Das Geheimnis der Form bei Richard Wagner", 1924-33), zvichibva pakuongorora kwakadzama kweWagner's operas, mapoka matsva emafomu uye. zvikamu zvavo zvinotangwa (synthesizing dariro uye mimhanzi nguva dzose ye "nhetembo-musical nguva", "inotsiva chikamu").

Mabasa aR. Rolland (1866–1944) ane nzvimbo inokosha mukuvandudzwa kweunyanzvi hweatomu. Pakati pavo pane basa "Beethoven. Nguva huru dzekusika" ("Beethoven. Les grandes epoques cryatrice", 1928-45). Achiongorora masimphoni aBeethoven, sonatas uye opera mairi, R. Rolland anogadzira rudzi rwekuongorora. nzira ine chekuita nenhetembo, mubatanidzwa wezvinyorwa, madimikira uye kuenda mhiri kwemumhanzi-tioreti chimiro chakanangana nekududzirwa kwenhetembo kwemahara kwepfungwa uye chimiro chekufananidzira chekugadzira. Iyi nzira yakaita basa guru mukuenderera mberi kweA.m. zvose kuMadokero uye kunyanya muUSSR.

MuRussia classical musicology yezana remakore rechi19. mafambiro epamusoro nzanga. pfungwa dzakanyatsobata ndima yaA.m. Kuedza kweRussia. nyanzvi dzemimhanzi uye vatsoropodzi vakatumirwa kuti vabvumire thesis: imwe neimwe mus. prod. yakasikwa nokuda kwokutaura imwe pfungwa, ichitaura mifungo yakati nemirangariro. AD Ulybyshev (1794-1858), wekutanga Rus. munyori wemimhanzi, munyori wemabhuku "The New Biography of Mozart" ("Nouvelle biographie de Mozart ...", zvikamu 1-3, 1843) uye "Beethoven, vatsoropodzi vake nevaturikiri" ("Beethoven, ses critiques et ses glossateurs", 1857), akasiya chiratidzo chinooneka munhoroondo yekutsoropodza. pfungwa. Mabhuku ese ari maviri ane ongororo dzakawanda, dzinotsoropodza uye dzinoyevedza mimhanzi zvibodzwa. anoshanda. Iyi ingangove mienzaniso yekutanga yemonographs muEurope inosanganisa biographical material ne analytical. Mumwe wevatsvakurudzi vekutanga veRussia vakatendeukira kunyika dzemadzibaba. mimhanzi art-woo, VF Odoevsky (1804-69), asiri nyanzvi yezvidzidzo, akapa mumabasa ake anotsoropodza uye ezvenhau anoyevedza. kuongorora pl. kugadzirwa, ch. arr. Glinka's operas. Mabasa aVF Lenz (1809-83) "Beethoven nemaitiro ake matatu" ("Beethoven et ses trois styles", 1852) uye "Beethoven. Kuongororwa kwezvinyorwa zvake "("Beethoven. Eine Kunst-Studie", 1855-60) havana kurasikirwa nekukosha kwavo kusvikira nhasi.

AN Serov (1820-71) - muvambi weiyo thematic nzira. kuongororwa muRussia musicology. Muchinyorwa Basa reMumwe Motif muOpera Yese Hupenyu hweTsar (1859), achishandisa mienzaniso yemumhanzi, Serov anoongorora kuumbwa kwedingindira rekupedzisira korasi Kubwinya. Munyori anobatanidza kuumbwa kwedingindira iri-rwiyo nekukura kweiyo huru. patriotic opera pfungwa. Chinyorwa chinoti “Thematism of the Leonora Overture” (chidzidzo nezveBeethoven, 1861) chinoongorora hukama pakati peiyo thematicism yekupfuura kwaBeethoven uye opera yake. Muchinyorwa "Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, Chimiro Chayo uye Zvinorehwa" (1868), pfungwa yekuumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma kweyekupedzisira dingindira remufaro rinoitwa. Kuongorora kusingachinji kwemabasa aGlinka naDargomyzhsky anopiwa muzvinyorwa "A Life for the Tsar" uye "Ruslan naLyudmila" (1860), "Ruslan uye Ruslanists" (1867), "Mermaid" naDargomyzhsky (1856) . Kubatana kwekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi. pfungwa uye nzira yekumisikidzwa kwayo - zvisikwa. iyo nheyo yeSerov's methodology, iyo yakava nheyo yekona yezizi. theoretical musicology.

Muzvinyorwa zvakakosha naPI Tchaikovsky, nzvimbo yakakurumbira inopiwa kuongororwa kwemuses. zvigadzirwa, zvakaitwa muhoro dzakasiyana siyana muMoscow mukupera kwema70s. 19th century Pakati pemavhenekeri. Nhaka yeNA Rimsky-Korsakov inomira pachena kune dingindira rake. kuongorora pachake opera The Snow Maiden (ed. 1911, rakabudiswa zvizere mupepeti: NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Collected Works, Literary Works uye Correspondence, vol. IV, M., 1960). Kuongororwa kwezvinyorwa zvako uye kuongororwa kwekugadzirwa. Vamwe vanyori varimowo muRimsky-Korsakov's Chronicle of My Musical Life (yakabudiswa muna 1909). Nhamba huru yemashoko anofadza edzidziso. uye analytic character inowanikwa mutsamba yeSI Taneev naPI Tchaikovsky. High science uye theoretical. zvakakosha ndezvaTaneyev kuongororwa kwakadzama kwe tonal uye thematic. kuvandudzwa mune mamwe maBeethoven sonatas (mutsamba kumunyori NN Amani uye mune rakakosha basa "Ongororo yemodulation muBeethoven's sonatas").

Tarenda yevakawanda vekuRussia vanofambira mberi mumhanzi uye vatsoropodzi, vakatanga mabasa avo munguva dzisati dzashanduka, dzakazadzikiswa mushure meGreat October Revolution. socialist. chimurenga. BL Yavorsky (1877-1942), muumbi wedzidziso ye modal rhythm, akaunza zvinhu zvakawanda zvitsva mukuongorora kwakaoma (kwakazara). Iye muridzi wekuongorora kwemabasa eAN Scriabin uye JS Bach nemamwe mabasa. Pamusangano weBach's Well-Tempered Clavier, musayendisiti akaongorora hukama pakati pematangiro uye fugues emuunganidzwa uyu uye cantatas uye, zvichibva pakuongorora kwezvinyorwa zvekupedzisira, akasvika pamhedziso dzepakutanga nezvezviri mu preludes uye fugues.

Kuvandudzwa kwenzira dzesainzi A. m. zvakabatsira mu20s. zvedzidzo uye zvesainzi zviitiko GL Catoire (1861-1926) uye GE Konyus (1862-1933). Pasinei nenzvimbo dzesainzi dzakarerekera divi rimwe (semuenzaniso, dzidziso yemetrotectonism Konus, kuwedzeredza kwekuita kwekuita kwemamita muhurukuro dzaCatoire), dzidziso yavo. mabhuku acho aiva necherechedzo dzinokosha uye aibatsira pakuvandudzwa kwekufunga kwekuongorora.

A. m. inoita basa rinokosha mumabasa eBV Asafiev (1884-1949). Pakati peakanyanya mukurumbira tsvakurudzo yekuongorora - "Symphonic Etudes" (1922), ine ongororo yehuwandu hweRussia. operas uye ballets (kusanganisira opera The Queen of Spades), bhuku Eugene Onegin naTchaikovsky (1944), kudzidza Glinka (1947), umo zvikamu zvakatsaurirwa. kuongorora opera "Ruslan uye Lyudmila" uye "Kamarinskaya". Chinonyanya kukosha chaiva pfungwa yaAsafiev yekutaura. chimiro chemimhanzi. Mumabasa ake zvakaoma kusiyanisa pakati penguva dzedzidziso. uye nhoroondo. Synthesis yenhoroondo uye theoretical yekutanga ndiyo yakakura kwazvo sainzi merit yeAsafiev. Mabasa akanakisa eAsafiev aive nesimba guru pakuvandudza nzira dzemimhanzi. Bhuku rake rinonzi Musical Form as a Process (zvikamu 1-2, 1930 na1947) rakaita basa rinokosha, richipedzisa pfungwa dzine zvibereko pamativi maviri emimhanzi. fomu - senzira uye semhedzisiro yayo yakanatswa; pamusoro pemhando yemafomu maererano nemitemo inokosha - kusiyana uye kuzivikanwa; pamusoro pemabasa matatu ekusimudzirwa - kukurumidza, kufamba uye kupedzisa, pamusoro pekuchinja kwavo nguva dzose.

Kubudirira kweA.m. muUSSR yairatidzwa mune yakakosha. kutsvagisa, uye mumabasa akadai semabhuku ezvidzidzo uye zvekushandisa pakudzidzisa. Mubhuku re LA Mazel "Fantasy f-moll Chopin. Chiitiko cheOngororo" (1937) zvichibva pakuongorora kwakadzama kwemimhanzi iyi. mabasa anoisa akati wandei akajairika stylistic. mitemo yebasa raChopin, matambudziko akakosha emaitiro eA.m. zvinoiswa mberi. Mune basa remunyori mumwechete "On Melody" (1952), yakakosha yakagadzirwa. melodic methodology. kuongorora.

VA Zukkerman mubasa rake "Kamarinskaya" naGlinka uye tsika dzayo mumhanzi weRussia (1957) anoisa mberi zvitsva zvinokosha maererano nenziyo. zvinyorwa zveRussia nar. nziyo nemisimboti yekusiyana kwekusimudzira. Essential theoretical. generalizations ine bhuku reVl. V. Protopopov "Ivan Susanin" Glinka "(1961). Yakanga iri yekutanga kugadzira pfungwa ye "contrasting-composite form" (ona Mumhanzi fomu). Rakabudiswa musi waSat. "Frederic Chopin" (1960) zvinyorwa "Notes on Chopin's Musical Language" naVA Zukkerman, "Zvimwe Zvimiro zveChopin's Free Form Composition" naLA Mazel uye "The Variation Method of Thematic Development in Chopin's Music" by Vl. V. Protopopov anopupurira kuhupamhi hwepamusoro hweA.m., hwakawanikwa neSoviet musicologists.

A. m. inogara ichishandiswa mune zvedzidzo uye zvekudzidzisa. tsika. Kudzidza kwechimwe nechimwe chezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi-theoretical. kutenderera (kutanga mumhanzi theory, solfeggio, kuwirirana, polyphony, instrumentation) ine zvikamu zvitatu: dzidziso yechidzidzo, inoshanda. migove uye kuongororwa kwemimhanzi. prod. kana zvinyorwa. Mukati meiyo yekutanga dzidziso yemimhanzi analytic. chikamu ongororo yezvakareruka zvinhu zvemimhanzi. inoshanda - tonality, saizi, kuunganidza mukati memabhawa, ane simba. uye agogic. shades, nezvimwewo; mune solfeggio kosi - kuongororwa kwekuongorora kwenguva, saizi, chords, kutsauka uye modulations mukati mezvimedu zvidiki zvemimhanzi. production; mumakosi ekuwirirana, polyphony, chiridzwa - kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi hunoenderana nezvimwe zvikamu zvedzidzo. samples (analysis of instrumentation - ona Instrumentation). Mabhuku mazhinji nezvinyorwa zvezvidzidzo izvi zvine zvikamu zveiyo analytical profile; kune zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zve harmonica. uye polyphonic. kuongorora.

Munguva yepre-revolutionary uye mumakore ekutanga mushure mekumukira kwaive nenyaya "Ongororo yemuses. mafomu”, iyo yakaderedzwa kutsanangudzo yezvinyorwa. mhando dzenziyo dzinoshanda nekuiunza pasi peimwe yenhamba yakaganhurirwa yezvirongwa zviri mubhuku. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutarisisa kushoma kwakabhadharwa kune nzira dzinoratidza, maitiro ekuvandudza thematic. MuRussia, mabhuku ekutanga akawana kushandiswa mukudzidza kwemafomu emimhanzi aiva mabasa "Theory of Music" naG. Hess de Calve (1818), "Textbook on Composition" naI. Fuchs (1830) uye "Complete Guide to Kugadzira Mimhanzi” naIK Gunke (1859-63). Muna 1883-84, shanduro dzechiRussia dzeBhuku reMafomu eInstrumental Music (Musikalische Formenlehre, 1878) neGermany nyanzvi yemimhanzi L. Busler yakaonekwa, muna 1901 - mabhuku emuongorori weChirungu E. Prout, akabudiswa mumavhoriyamu maviri pasi pezvinyorwa zveMumhanzi. Fomu (Musical form", 1891, Russian shanduro 1900) uye "Applied mafomu" ("Applied mafomu", 1895, Russian shanduro bg).

Kubva kumabasa echiRussia. nhamba dzenziyo dzinotanhamara: Bhuku raAS Arensky rinonzi “A Guide to the Study of the Forms of Instrumental and Vocal Music” (1893-94), iro raiva netsanangudzo dzefomu dzakamanikidzika uye dzakareruka dzemhando huru dzenziyo; kudzidza naGL Catoire "Musical Form" (zvikamu 1-2, 1934-36), iyo iri mu30s. Raishandiswawo sebhuku rezvidzidzo zvevanyanzvi vemimhanzi.

Kubudirira mukuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi yemumba mushure meKukuru Gumiguru Revolution kwakabatsira kukurumidza kubuda kwedzidziso yemimhanzi. form. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukudzokororwa kukuru kwekosi yetsika yaA. m. Iyo kosi nyowani yakagadzirwa mu30s. mapurofesa eMoscow Conservatory VA Zukkerman, LA Mazel, I. Ya. Ryzhkin; paLeningrad Conservatory, basa rakafanana rakaitwa naVV Shcherbachev, Yu. N. Tyulin, uye BA Arapov. Iyi kosi yaive yakavakirwa pachiitiko chakaunganidzwa neiyo theoretical musicology munzvimbo dzese uye, chekutanga, mukudzidza kwemhando yemimhanzi.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, chiyero chekosi yekudzidziswa yapfuura yakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye iye pachake akakwidziridzwa kusvika padanho repamusoro resainzi. nhanho - chinangwa chayo chikuru chaive ongororo yakazara (yakazara).

Mabasa matsva akaiswa mukufamba kweA.m. zvaida mabhuku matsva neyamuro dzokudzidzisa, zvimwe zvesayenzi. kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekuongorora. Atova muzizi rokutanga. bhuku, rakaitirwa makosi akajairwa A.m., - bhuku raIV Sposobina "Musical Form" (1947), mune yakarongeka. kurongeka kunoonekwa sekutaura. zvinoreva uye nekuzara kukuru zvese zvakakosha zvakafukidzwa. mafomu. Bhuku SS Skrebkov "Ongororo yemabasa emimhanzi" (1958) ine dzidziso. zvigaro zvinopa basa iri maitiro echidzidzo (somuenzaniso, kuongororwa kwemukati-thematic kukura uye chinhu chitsva mukunzwisisa "sonata" sechinhu chinoshamisa). Muakaundi. LA Mazel's textbook "The Structure of Musical Works" (1960) yakagadzira dzidziso itsva yenguva, muchidimbu ruzivo rwekunzwisisa kunoshanda kwechimiro ichi (matanho ekutanga munzira iyi akatorwa mumabasa eE Prout naGL Catoire. ), dzidziso yezvimiro zvakasanganiswa, yakagadzirwa naE. Prout. Muna 1965, pasi pemukuru wehupepeti weYu. N. Tyulin akabudisa bhuku reLeningrad. vanyori ve "Musical Form". Maererano nemazwi uye mamwe esainzi. nheyo, inosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kumabhuku eMoscow. vanyori (nekuda kwekusiyana uku, ona chinyorwa Mumhanzi fomu).

Bhuku rakanyorwa naLA Mazel naVA Zuckerman "Ongororo yeMimhanzi Works" yemadhipatimendi emimhanzi yeconservatories (Chinyorwa 1, 1967) yakapfupikisa hupfumi hwechiitiko chinoshanda. uye basa resainzi rakaunganidzwa nevanyori varo.

Mabasa evaimbi vemimhanzi anobatsira pakuvandudzwa kwese nzira yekuongororwa kwemimhanzi pachayo uye nzira yekuongororwa kwemabasa emimhanzi.

References: Serov A., Thematism yekupfuura kune opera "Leonora", "Neue Zeitschrift für Musik", 1861; Russian pa. — Zvinyorwa zvakakosha, vol. 3, SPB, 1895; P. Tchaikovsky, Musical manotsi uye manotsi (1868-1876), M., 1898; perezd., M., 1953; Asafyev B. V., Overture Ruslan naLyudmila Glinka, "Mimhanzi. nhoroondo”, Sat. II, P., 1923; yake pachake, Glinka's Waltz-Fantasy, "Music. nhoroondo”, Sat. III, L., 1926; yake pachake, Chopin's Mazurka, “SM”, 1947, No 7; Belyaev V., "Ongororo yemodulation muBeethoven's sonatas" S. Uye. Taneeva, mu: bhuku rechiRussian raBeethoven, M., 1927; Mazel L., Chopin's Fantasy muf-moll (ruzivo rwekuongorora), M., 1937, mubhuku: Tsvakurudzo paChopin, M., 1971; yake, Aesthetics uye Analysis, "SM", 1966, No 12; Tsamba kubva kuna S. Uye. Taneeva kuna N. N. Amani, “SM”, 1940, No 7; Zuckerman V., Mhando dzekuongorora kwakazara, "SM", 1967, No 4; Kholopov Yu., Mimhanzi yemazuva ano munguva yekuongororwa kwemabasa emimhanzi, mu: Methodological notes pamusoro pedzidzo yemimhanzi, M., 1966; Arzamanov F., Pakudzidzisa kosi yekuongorora mabasa emimhanzi, muna Sat: Mibvunzo yekudzidzisa nzira dzemimhanzi uye dzidziso yezvidzidzo, M., 1967; Mapeji Yu., Pakuongorora kwenguva, ibid.; Ulybyschew A. D., New Biography yeMozart, Moscow, 1843; рус. per., M., 1890-92; Richter E. Fr. E., Zvinhu zvakakosha zvemafomu emimhanzi uye kuongorora kwavo, Lpz., 1852; Lenz W., Beethoven et ses trois zvitaera, v. 1-2, St. Petersburg, 1852, Brussels, 1854, P., 1855; Marx A. В., Hupenyu nebasa raLudwig van Beethoven, vol. 1 2, В., 1911; Riemann H., Yakarongeka theory ye modulation sehwaro hwemimhanzi fomu theory, Hamb., 1887, рyc. пер., СПБ, 1896; Kretzschmar H., Nhungamiro kuburikidza nehoro yekonzati, vols. 1-3, Lpz., 1887-90; Nagel W., Beethoven uye piano yake sonatas, vols. 1-2, Langensalza, 1903-05, 1933; Schweitzer A., ​​Johann Sebastian Bach, Lpz., 1908 uye переизд., рус. per., M., 1965; Bekker P., Beethoven, V., 1911 uye akadhindwazve, Russian. per., M., 1913-15; Riemann H., L. van Beethoven's yakakwana piano solo sonatas. Aesthetic uye formal-technical ongororo ine nhoroondo zvinyorwa, vols. 1-3, В., 1920; Кurth E., Kuwirirana kwerudo uye dambudziko rayo muWagner's "Tristan", Bern - Lpz., 1920, В., 1923; Leiсhtentritt H., Ongororo yemabasa epiyano yaChopin, vols. 1-2, В., 1921-22; Rolland R., Beethoven. Les grandes epoques cryatrices, P., 1928-45 uye akadhindwa zvakare, Russian. pa. 1938 uye 1957-58; Schenker H., Mafungiro matsva emimhanzi uye fungidziro, III, W., 1935, 1956; Tovey D Fr., Zvinyorwa mukuongorora kwemimhanzi, 1-6, L., 1935-39; Grabner H., bhuku rekuongorora mimhanzi, Lpz., (o. J.); Federhofer H., Mipiro yekuongorora gestalt yemimhanzi, Graz, 1950; Gьldenstein G., Synthetic Analysis, «Schweizerische Musikzeitung», XCVI, 1956; Fucks W., Mathematics Analysis yeFormal Structure of Music, Cologne - Upload, 1958; Koni E. T., Analysis nhasi, «MQ», XLVI, 1960; Goldschmidt H., Panzira yekuongorora mimhanzi, в кн.: Mipiro kune musicology, Vol III, No 4, В., 1961; Коlneder W., Kuona uye kuongororwa kwekuongorora, в кн.: Kuchinja kwekunzwa kwemimhanzi, В., 1962; Nzira itsva dzekuongorora mimhanzi. Mipiro misere naL. U. Abraham nezvimwewo, В., 1967; Kuedza kuongorora nziyo. Mipiro minomwe naP. Benary, S. Boris, D. de la Motte, H. Chirikadzi, H.-P. Reis uye R. Stephan, В., 1967; Motte D. de la, kuongororwa kwemimhanzi, zvinyorwa uye mapepa emimhanzi, vols. 1-2, Kassel-N. Y., 1968.

VP Bobrovsky