Chikero, octaves uye manotsi
Mukati
Zvaunofanira kuziva usati watanga chidzidzo:
- Mimhanzi inonzwika.
Chikero uye octave
Ruzha rwenziyo runoumba ruzha rwemumhanzi, runotanga kubva kune yakaderera kusvika kune yepamusoro. Pane manzwi manomwe echikero: do, re, mi, fa, munyu, la, si. Mazwi makuru anonzi matanho.
Matanho manomwe echikero anoumba octave, nepo kuwanda kwemanzwi muoctave imwe neimwe inotevera kunenge kwakapetwa kaviri kupfuura kweyapfuura, uye manzwi akafanana anogamuchira mazita enhanho mamwe chete. Kune mapfumbamwe chete octaves. Octave iyo iri pakati pemanzwi akawanda anoshandiswa munziyo inonzi First octave, ipapo Yechipiri, ipapo yechitatu, yechina, uye pakupedzisira yechishanu. Octave pazasi pekutanga ane mazita: Diki octave, Hombe, Controctave, Subcontroctave. Iyo subcontroctave ndiyo yakaderera inonzwika octave. Octave pazasi pe Subcontroctave uye pamusoro peFifth Octave haishandiswe mumimhanzi uye haina mazita.
Nzvimbo yemiganhu yefrequency yeoctave ine zvirevo uye inosarudzwa nenzira yekuti octave yega yega inotanga nedanho rekutanga (noti Do) yeyakafanana inodziya gumi nembiri-toni chiyero uye kuwanda kwenhanho yechitanhatu (chinyorwa A) che octave yekutanga yaizova 6 Hz.
Kuwanda kwenhanho yekutanga ye octave imwe uye nhanho yekutanga ye octave inoitevera (octave interval) ichasiyana chaizvo kaviri. Semuenzaniso, chinyorwa A chekutanga octave ine frequency ye2 hertz, uye chinyorwa A chechipiri octave ine frequency ye440 hertz. Mimhanzi inonzwika, iyo yakawanda inosiyana kaviri, inonzwisiswa nenzeve seyakafanana zvakanyanya, sekudzokorora kweinzwi rimwe chete, pamanzwi akasiyana (usapesanise nekubatana, kana manzwi ane frequency yakafanana). Chiitiko ichi chinonzi octave kufanana kwemanzwi .
natural scale
Kugovaniswa kweyunifomu yemanzwi echikero pamusoro pema semitone kunonzi hunhu chikero kana natural scale . Nharaunda pakati pemanzwi maviri akabatana muhurongwa hwakadaro inonzi semitone.
Chinhambwe chema semitone maviri chinoita toni yakazara. Pakati pemapeya maviri ezvinyorwa hapana toni yakazara, iri pakati pe mi na fa, pamwe chete na si uye do. Saka, octave ine gumi nemaviri akaenzana semitones.
Mazita nemazita emanzwi
Pamanzwi gumi nemaviri muoctave, manomwe chete ndiwo ane mazita awo (do, re, mi, fa, munyu, la, si). Vashanu vasara vane mazita anobva kune manomwe makuru, ayo akakosha mavara anoshandiswa: # - inopinza uye b - flat. Sharp zvinoreva kuti ruzha runowanikwa kumusoro ne semitone yeruzha rwayakasungirirwa, uye flat rinoreva pasi. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti pakati pe mi ne fa, uyewo pakati pe si uye c, pane chete semitone, saka hapagoni kuva ne c flat kana mi inopinza.
Nzira iri pamusoro apa yekupa manotsi inokwereta kuoneka kwayo kurwiyo rwaSt. John, nekuti mazita ezvinyorwa zvitanhatu zvekutanga, masirabhi ekutanga emitsara yerwiyo, iyo yakaimbwa muoctave inokwira, yakatorwa.
Imwe nzira yakajairika yekucherekedza zvinyorwa ndeyeLatin: manotsi anoratidzwa nemavara echiLatin arufabheti C, D, E, F, G, A, H (verenga "ha").
Ndapota cherechedzai kuti chinyorwa si hachirevi nebhii B, asi naH, uye vara B rinoreva B-flat (kunyange mutemo uyu uri kuramba uchityorwa mumabhuku emutauro weChirungu uye mamwe mabhuku egitare). Kupfuurirazve, kuwedzera furati kune chinyorwa, -es inoratidzwa kune zita rayo (semuenzaniso, Ces - C-flat), uye kuwedzera inopinza - ndiko. Kunze kwemazita anoreva mavhawero: Sezvo, Es.
MuUnited States neHungary, katsamba kanonzi si kakapihwa zita rekuti ti, kuitira kuti risavhiringika nekanyoro C (“si”) muchiLatin notation, parinomirira noti kare.
