Chidzidzo 3. Kuwirirana mumimhanzi

Imwe yepfungwa dzinonyanya kukosha mumimhanzi kuwirirana. Mutinhimira uye kuwirirana kwakabatana. Ndiko kubatanidzwa kwemazwi kunopa kuti mutinhimira kodzero yekunzi mutinhimira.

Iwe unotova neruzivo rwese rwekutanga runodikanwa kune izvi. Kunyanya, iwe unoziva kuti toni, semitone uye nhanho matanho ndeapi, ayo achakubatsira kubata nechinhu chakadai chekuwirirana senguva, pamwe nemodhi uye tonality.

Chakavanzika, pakupera kwechidzidzo ichi, unenge wawana imwe yeruzivo rwekutanga rwaunoda kunyora pop uye rock mimhanzi. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, ngatitangei kudzidza!

Chii chinonzi kuwirirana

Aya mativi ekuwirirana anonyatso dyidzana. Mutinhimira unoonekwa seunopindirana kana wakagadzirwa tichifunga nezvemamwe mapatani emusanganiswa wemanzwi. Kuti tinzwisise maitiro aya, tinofanira kujairana nezvinhu zvekubatana, kureva zvikamu, imwe nzira kana imwe yakabatanidzwa nemafungiro e "kuwirirana".

Zvikamu

Chinhu chikuru chekuwirirana inguva. Nguva mumhanzi inoreva chinhambwe mumasemitoni pakati pemanzwi maviri emumhanzi. Takasangana nehafu muzvidzidzo zvakapfuura, saka zvino hapafanirwe kuve nezvinonetsa.

Mhando dzenguva dzakareruka:

Saka, nguva dzakareruka dzinoreva nguva pakati pemanzwi mukati meoctave. Kana nguva yacho yakakura kudarika octave, nguva yakadaro inonzi interval yecomposite.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemacompound intervals:

Mubvunzo wekutanga uye mukuru: ungayeuka sei? Chokwadi hazvina kuoma kudaro.

Sei uye sei kuyeuka nguva

Kubva pakukura kwese, iwe unogona kunge uchiziva kuti kukura kwekuyeuka kunofambiswa nekudzidziswa kweakanaka mota hunyanzvi hweminwe. Kana iwe ukadzidzisa yakanaka mota hunyanzvi pane piyano keyboard, iwe hauzovandudza ndangariro chete, asiwo mimhanzi nzeve. Tinokurudzira yakakwana piyano app, inogona kutorwa kubva kuGoogle Play:

Zvadaro zvinosara kuti iwe ugare uchitamba zvese zviri pamusoro apa uye utaure mazita avo zvinonzwika. Iwe unogona kutanga nekiyi chero ipi zvayo, munyaya iyi hazvina basa. Zvakakosha kunyatsoverenga nhamba ye semitones. Kana ukaridza kiyi imwe kaviri - iyi inguva ye2 semitones, makiyi maviri akatarisana - iyi inguva ye0 semitone, mushure mekiyi imwe - 1 semitones, nezvimwewo. Isu tinowedzera kuti muzvirongwa zvekushandisa unogona kuseta nhamba ye makiyi ari pachiratidziro akakunakira iwe pachako.

Wechipiri uye kwete zvishoma unopisa mubvunzo ndewekuti sei? Sei uchifanira kuziva uye kunzwa nguva dzenguva, kunze kwekugona hunyanzvi hwedzidziso yemimhanzi? Asi pano haisi nyaya yedzidziso sekuita. Kana iwe ukadzidza kuziva nguva dzese idzi nenzeve, unozotora zviri nyore chero rwiyo rwaunoda nenzeve, zvese zvezwi uye zvekuridza chiridzwa. Chaizvoizvo, vazhinji vedu tinotora gitare kana violin, togara pasi papiyano kana dhiramu kit kuti tiite zvidimbu zvatinofarira.

Uye, pakupedzisira, kuziva mazita ezvipingamupinyi, unogona kuziva zviri nyore kuti chii kana iwe ukanzwa kuti chidimbu chemimhanzi chakavakwa, semuenzaniso, pamakona echishanu. Izvi, nenzira, tsika yakajairika mumimhanzi yerock. Iwe unongoda kuyeuka kuti cheshanu chakachena ndeye 7 semitones. Naizvozvo, ingo wedzera 7 semitones kune yega yega inogadzirwa nebass gitare, uye iwe unowana yechishanu chords inoshandiswa mubasa raunoda. Tinokurudzira kuti uise pfungwa pabass, nokuti inowanzonyatso kunzwika, iyo inokosha kune vanotanga.

Kuti unzwe ruzha rukuru (tonic), unofanirwa kushanda pakuvandudza nzeve yemimhanzi. Iwe watotanga kuita izvi kana iwe wakadhawunirodha Yakakwana Piano uye uchiridza nguva. Uye zvakare, unogona kushandisa ichi chishandiso kana chiridzwa chaicho kuyedza kunzwa kuti ndechipi chinyorwa chinonzwika pamwe chete ne tonic (main ruzha) rwemumhanzi waunofarira. Kuti uite izvi, ingo dzvanya makiyi akatevedzana. mukati memiganhu yeoctave huru uye duku, kana kutamba zvinyorwa zvose pagitare, uchidzvanya 6th uye 5th (bass!) tambo dzakatevedzana pane imwe neimwe fret. Iwe uchacherechedza kuti imwe yezvinyorwa zvakajeka mukubatana. Kana kunzwa kwako kusina kukukundikana, iyi ndiyo tonic. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti nzeve dzako dzakarurama, tsvaga iyo chinyorwa chimwe kana maviri octaves kumusoro uye urimbe. Kana iri iyo tonic, iwe unenge uchienderana nerwiyo zvakare.

Kazhinji iwe unogona kuwana kudomwa kwezvikamu kwete mumasemitone, asi mumatanho. Pano tinongofunga nhanho huru dzechikero, kureva “do”, “re”, “mi”, “fa”, “sol”, “la”, “si”. Kuwedzera uye kuderedzwa nhanho, kureva kupinza uye flats hazvibatanidzi mukuverenga, saka nhamba yematanho muchikamu inosiyana nenhamba yemasemitones. Muchidimbu, kuverenga nguva mumatanho kwakanakira avo vari kuenda kuridza piyano, nekuti pane kiibhodhi matanho makuru echiyero anoenderana nemakiyi machena, uye iyi sisitimu inotaridzika chaizvo.

Zviri nyore kuti vamwe vese vatarise nguva dzema semitones, nekuti pane zvimwe zviridzwa zvemumhanzi, nhanho huru dzeyero hadzina kuratidzwa nenzira ipi neipi. Asi, semuenzaniso, frets inosimbiswa pagitare. Ivo vanoganhurirwa neinonzi "nzungu" iri mhiri kwegitare mutsipa, iyo iyo tambo dzakatambanudzwa. Kuverengera kuri kuitika kubva kumusoro:

Nenzira, shoko rokuti "tambo" rine zvakawanda zvarinoreva uye rinoenderana zvakananga nemusoro wekubatana.

Kusununguka

Chinhu chechipiri chepakati chekunzwanana kuwirirana. Sezvo dzidziso yemimhanzi yakatanga, tsananguro dzakasiyana dzemodhi dzakadzora. Yakanzwisiswa sehurongwa hwekubatanidza toni, sesangano rematoni mukubatana kwavo, sepitch system ye subordinating tones. Ikozvino tsananguro yemodhi inogamuchirwa zvakanyanya sehurongwa hwekubatanidza mbiru, yakabatana nerubatsiro rwepakati ruzha kana consonance.

Kana izvi zvichiri kuoma, chimbofungidzira, nekufananidza nenyika yekunze, kuwirirana mumimhanzi ndipo apo manzwi anoita seanopindirana. Kungofanana nedzimwe mhuri dzinogona kutaurwa kuva dzinogara mutsinhirano, naizvozvo mamwe manzwi enziyo anogona kutaurwa kuva anotsinhirana nomumwe nomumwe.

Mupfungwa inoshandiswa, izwi rekuti "modhi" rinonyanya kushandiswa maererano nediki uye huru. Izwi rekuti "mudiki" rinobva kuLatin mollis (rakashandurwa se "nyoro", "nyoro"), saka zvidimbu zvidiki zvemimhanzi zvinoonekwa senziyo kana kusuruvara. Izwi rokuti "mukuru" rinobva kune rechiLatini guru (rakashandurwa se "mukuru", "mukuru"), saka mabasa makuru emimhanzi anoonekwa seanosimbisa uye ane tariro.

Nokudaro, marudzi makuru emamodhi maduku uye makuru. Yakanyorwa negirini kuti ijekese nhanho (notes) frets, izvo zvakasiyana kune zvidiki uye zvikuru:

Padanho rePhilistine, pane giredhi rakareruka uye hunhu hwakadaro hwemudiki se "kusuruvara", uye chikuru se "kufara". Izvi zvine zvikonzero zvakanyanya. Hazvina kutombodikanwa kuti chidimbu chidiki chinogara chakasuwa, uye rwiyo rukuru runogara ruchinzwika rwemufaro. Uyezve, maitiro aya anogona kurondwa kubva muzana ramakore rechi18. Saka, basa raMozart "Sonata No. 16 muC Major" rinonzwika rinovhiringidza zvikuru munzvimbo, uye rwiyo rwekupisa "A Grasshopper Sat in the Grass" rakanyorwa mukiyi duku.

Ose madiki uye makuru modhi anotanga ne tonic - iyo huru ruzha kana nhanho huru yemodhi. Inotevera inouya musanganiswa wemanzwi akatsiga uye asina kugadzikana mukutevedzana kwayo kune yega yega fret. Pano iwe unogona kutora kuenzanisa nekuvakwa kwemadziro ezvidhina. Kune rusvingo, zvose zvidhinha zvakasimba uye semi-liquid binder musanganiswa zvinodiwa, kana zvisina kudaro chimiro hachizowana hurefu hunodiwa uye hachizochengetwe mune imwe nyika.

Zvose muhukuru uye mudiki mune matanho matatu akatsiga: 3st, 1rd, 3th. Matanho asara anonzi haana kugadzikana. Mumabhuku enziyo, munhu anogona kusangana nemashoko akadai se“simba rinokwevera” ruzha, kana kuti “chido chokugadzirisa.” Kutaura zviri nyore, rwiyo rwacho harugoni kudimburwa paruzha rusina kugadzikana, asi nguva dzose runofanira kupedzwa pane rwakatsiga.

Gare gare muchidzidzo, uchaona izwi rakadai se "chord". Kuti tidzivise nyonganiso, ngatitaurei ipapo kuti nhanho dzakadzikama nhanho uye nhanho dzekutanga chord hadzisi dzakafanana pfungwa. Avo vanoda kukurumidza kutanga kuridza chiridzwa chemimhanzi vanofanira kutanga vashandisa zvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirwa chord zvigunwe, uye nheyo dzekuvaka dzichava dzakajeka sezvaunodzidza maitiro ekutamba uye nziyo dziri nyore.

Pamusoro pezvo, muzvinyorwa zvemimhanzi zvakakosha, unogona kusangana nemazita akadai saIonian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian naLocrian. Aya ndiwo maitiro akavakwa pahwaro hwechiyero chikuru, uye imwe yemadhigirii echiyero inoshandiswa se tonic. Ivo vanonziwo zvakasikwa, diatonic kana Greek.

Vanonzi chiGiriki nekuti mazita avo anobva kumarudzi nemarudzi aigara munharaunda yeGirisi yekare. Chaizvoizvo, tsika dzemimhanzi dziri pasi peimwe neimwe yeanonzi diatonic modes dzave kuverenga kubva panguva idzodzo. Kana iwe uchida kunyora mimhanzi mune ramangwana, ungada kudzoka kumubvunzo uyu gare gare, kana iwe uchinzwisisa nzira yekuvaka chiyero chikuru. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kudzidza zvinyorwa "Diatonic Frets kune Vanotanga»nemienzaniso yekunzwika yekurira kweumwe neumwe wavo [Shugaev, 2015]:

Zvichakadaro, ngatipei muchidimbu pfungwa dzemamodhi makuru uye madiki ayo anonyanya kushanda mukuita. Kazhinji, kana tikasangana nemazwi okuti "hombe modhi" kana "madiki modhi", tinoreva modhi yeharmonic tonality. Ngationei kuti tonality chii muhuwandu uye harmonic tonality kunyanya.

Key

Saka toni chii? Sezvimwe nemamwe mazwi akawanda emimhanzi, kune tsanangudzo dzakasiyana dzekiyi. Izwi iro pacharo rinobva pashoko rechiLatini tone. Mune anatomy uye physiology, izvi zvinoreva kukurudzira kwenguva refu kwetsinga system uye kushushikana kwemhasuru fibers pasina kutungamira kuneta.

Munhu wose anonzwisisa zvakakwana zvinoreva mutsara wokuti "kuva muchimiro chakanaka". Mumimhanzi, zvinhu zvakafanana. Mutsindo uye kuwirirana zviri, tichitaura, zviri muchimiro chakanaka mukati menguva yese yekuumbwa kwemimhanzi.

Isu tinotoziva kuti chero maitiro - madiki kana makuru - anotanga ne tonic. Ose madiki uye makuru modhi anogona kugadziridzwa kubva kune chero ruzha rwunozotorwa seruzha rukuru, kureva tonic yebasa. Nzvimbo yakakwirira yefret neinongedzo kune hurefu hwe tonic inonzi tonality. Nokudaro, kuumbwa kwe tonality kunogona kuderedzwa kusvika kune imwe nzira iri nyore.

Toni formula:

Kiyi = tonic + fret

Ndokusaka tsananguro ye tonality ichiwanzo kupihwa semusimboti wemodhiyo, iyo huru chikamu cheiyo tonic. Zvino ngatidzokororei.

Mhando huru dzekiyi:

Ko iyi tonality formula uye aya marudzi e tonality anorevei mukuita? Ngatitii tinonzwa kamumhanzi kadiki, uko chiyero chidiki chinovakwa kubva pachinoti "la". Izvi zvinoreva kuti kiyi yebasa iri "Mudiki" (Am). Ngatitii pakarepo kuti kusarudza kiyi diki, iyo Latin m inowedzerwa kune tonic. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana iwe ukaona zita rekuti Cm, iri "C minor", kana Dm iri "D mudiki", Em - zvichiteerana, "E minor", nezvimwe.

Kana iwe ukaona muchikamu che "tonality" mavara mahombe anoratidza chimwe chinyorwa - C, D, E, F nevamwe - izvi zvinoreva kuti uri kubata nekiyi huru, uye une basa mukiyi ye "C huru. ”, “D chikuru”, “E chikuru”, “F chikuru”, zvichingodaro.

Kuderera kana kuwedzera hukama kune nhanho huru yechiyero, tonality inoratidzwa neyakapinza uye yakapfava icons inozivikanwa kwauri. Kana iwe ukaona kiyi yekupinda mufomati, semuenzaniso, F♯m kana G♯m, izvi zvinoreva kuti une chidimbu mukiyi yeF inopinza mudiki kana G inopinza mudiki. Kiyi yakaderedzwa ichava nechiratidzo chakafuratira, kureva A♭m (A-flat minor"), B♭m ("B-flat minor"), nezvimwe.

Mukiyi hombe, pachave neinopinza kana chikwangwani chakafuratira padivi pezita re tonic pasina mamwe mavara. Somuenzaniso, C♯ (“C-sharp major”), D♯ (“D-sharp major”), A♭ (“A-flat major”), B♭ (“B-flat major”), zvichingodaro. Iwe inokwanisa kuwana mamwe mazita emakiyi. Somuenzaniso, apo shoko rokuti chikuru kana kuti duku rinowedzerwa pachinyorwa, uye panzvimbo yechiratidzo chakapinza kana kuti chakati sandara, shoko rokuti kupinza kana kuti flat rinowedzerwa.

Idzi ndidzo sarudzo dzekuratidzira. makiyi madiki:

Zvimwe zvingasarudzwa makiyi makuru:

Makiyi ese ari pamusoro apa anowirirana, kureva kuona kuwirirana kwemimhanzi.

Saka, harmonic tonality ihombe-diki system ye tonal kuwirirana.

Kune mamwe marudzi ematoni. Ngatinyorei ose.

Mhando dzematoni:

Mumhando yekupedzisira, takasangana nezwi rekuti "tertia". Kare takaona kuti yechitatu inogona kuva diki (3 semitones) kana hombe (4 semitones). Pano tasvika kune pfungwa yakadai se "gamma", iyo inoda kugadziriswa kuitira kuti pakupedzisira tinzwisise kuti ndeapi modes, makiyi uye zvimwe zvikamu zvekuwirirana.

Zviyero

Munhu wose akanzwa nezvezvikero kamwechete, uyo mumwe wevanozivana naye akapinda chikoro chemimhanzi. Uye, sekutonga, ndakanzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka - vanoti, kufinha, kuneta. Uye, kazhinji, hazvisi pachena kuti nei vachidzidza. Kutanga, ngatiti chikero kutevedzana kwemanzwi mukiyi. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana iwe uchigadzira sequentially manzwi ese e tonality, kutanga ne tonic, ichi chichava chiyero.

Imwe neimwe yemakiyi - madiki uye makuru - anovakwa zvinoenderana neayo maitiro. Pano tinofanira zvakare kuyeuka kuti semitone uye toni chii. Rangarira, toni ndeye 2 semitones. Zvino unogona kuenda kugadzira gamma:

Rangarira iyi nhevedzano yezvikero zvikuru: toni-toni-semitone-tone-tone-tone-semitone. Zvino ngationei kuti tingagadzira sei chiyero chikuru tichishandisa muenzaniso wechikero "C chikuru":

Iwe unotoziva zvinyorwa, saka unogona kuona kubva pamufananidzo kuti C yakakura inosanganisira zvinyorwa C (do), D (re), E (mi), F (fa), G (sol), A (la) , B (si), C (ku). Ngatienderere mberi zvikero zviduku:

Rangarira chirongwa chekuvaka zvikero zvidiki: toni-semitone-tone-tone-semitone-tone-tone. Ngationei kuti tingagadzira sei chiyero chikuru tichishandisa muenzaniso wechikero "La Minor":

Kuti zvive nyore kuyeuka, tapota cherechedza kuti muchiyero chikuru, chokutanga chinouya chikuru chechitatu (4 semitones kana 2 toni), uye ipapo diki (3 semitones kana semitone + toni). Muchikamu chidiki, chokutanga chinouya chetatu chidiki (3 semitones kana toni + semitone), uyezve chetatu chikuru (4 semitones kana 2 toni).

Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kuona kuti chiyero che "A mudiki" chinosanganisira zvinyorwa zvakafanana se "C chikuru", chinongotanga nechinyorwa "A": A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A. A. zvishoma kare, takataura makiyi aya semuenzaniso weanoenderana. Zvinoita sekuti iye zvino ndiyo nguva yakanyatsokodzera kugara pamakiyi akafanana mune zvakadzama.

Takaona kuti makiyi anoenderana makiyi ane anowirirana zvizere manotsi uye mutsauko uripo pakati pematonic ediki uye makiyi makuru ndeye 3 semitones (diki yechitatu). Nekuda kwekuti zvinyorwa zvinonyatsopindirana, makiyi akafanana ane nhamba imwechete uye mhando yezviratidzo (zvinopinza kana mafurati) pakiyi.

Isu tinotarisisa pane izvi nekuti muzvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi munhu anogona kuwana tsananguro yemakiyi anofanana seaya ane nhamba imwechete uye mhando yezviratidzo pakiyi. Sezvauri kuona, izvi zvinhu zviri nyore uye zvinonzwisisika, asi zvakataurwa mumutauro wesainzi. Runyoro rwakakwana rwematoni akadaro zvinoratidzwa pazasi:

Nei tichida aya mashoko mukugadzira mimhanzi inoshanda? Chekutanga, mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu asinganzwisisike, unogona kuridza tonic yekiyi yakafanana uye kusiyanisa rwiyo. Chechipiri, nenzira iyi iwe uchaita kuti zvive nyore kwauri kusarudza rwiyo uye chords, kana iwe usati wasiyanisa nenzeve nuances yese yekurira kwechidimbu chemimhanzi. Kuziva kiyi, iwe unongo dzikamisa kutsvaga kwako kune akakodzera chords kune ayo anokodzera kiyi iyi. Unoitsanangura sei? Pano iwe unofanirwa kuita tsanangudzo mbiri:

Chirongwa ichi chinodaidzwa kuti denderedzwa rechishanu-quart nekuti neruchidzira mitsindo mikuru yemakiyi inopatsanurwa kubva kune imwe neimwe neyechishanu (7 semitones), uye counterclockwise - nechina yakakwana (5 semitones). 7 + 5 = 12 semitones, kureva denderedzwa rakashata inoumba octave:

Nenzira, maitiro akadai sekuronga machira ari padhuze anogona kubatsira vanyori vekutanga vakamutsa chido chekunyora, asi kudzidza kwemimhanzi dzidziso kuchiri padanho rekutanga. Uye vaimbi vakawana mukurumbira vanoitawo nzira iyi. Kuti zvive pachena, tinopa mienzaniso mishoma.

Kusarudza chords yerwiyo “Nyeredzi Inonzi Zuva” Kino group:

Uye heino mienzaniso kubva kumimhanzi yemazuva ano pop:

sarudzo nziyo dzenziyo "Disarmed" yakaitwa naPolina Gagarina:

Uye iyo ichangoburwa yekutanga ye2020 inoratidza zvakajeka kuti maitiro ari mupenyu:

Kusarudza chords yerwiyo “Mambo Naked” yakaitwa naAlina Grosu:

Kune avo vari mushishi kutanga kutamba, tinogona kupa zano vhidhiyo pane frets uye zviyero kubva kumuimbi uye mudzidzisi ane ruzivo Alexander Zilkov:

Uye kune avo vanoda kuzama zvakadzama mudzidziso uye kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kuwirirana mumimhanzi, tinokurudzira bhuku rinonzi "Essays on Modern Harmony", rakanyorwa makore mazhinji apfuura nemutsoropodzi wehunyanzvi, mudzidzisi weMoscow Conservatory Yuri Kholopov, uye. izvo zvichiri kukosha [Yu. Kholopov, 1974].

Isu tinokurudzira kuti munhu wese atore bvunzo yechokwadi uye, kana zvichidikanwa, zadza mukaha muruzivo usati waenda kuchidzidzo chinotevera. Ruzivo urwu ruchauya nerubatsiro, saka tinokushuvira iwe rombo rakanaka!

Chidzidzo bvunzo yekunzwisisa

Kana iwe uchida kuyedza ruzivo rwako pamusoro pechidzidzo ichi, unogona kutora bvunzo pfupi ine mibvunzo yakati wandei. Imwe chete sarudzo inogona kuve yakarurama pamubvunzo wega wega. Mushure mekusarudza imwe yesarudzo, sisitimu yacho inoenderera ichienda kumubvunzo unotevera. Mapoinzi aunogamuchira anokanganiswa nekurongeka kwemhinduro dzako uye nenguva yaunopedza uchipfuura. Ndapota cherechedza kuti mibvunzo yakasiyana nguva imwe neimwe, uye sarudzo dzinosanganiswa.

Zvino ngatienderere mberi kune polyphony uye kusanganisa.