Nzira yekuyeuka sei zviratidzo mumakiyi?

Muchinyorwa chinotevera, tichakudzidzisai kubata nemusoro zviratidzo mumakiyi, tokuzivisai maitiro anozobvumira kuti muone pakarepo zviratidzo mune chero kiyi.

Ngatitii ipapo iwe unogona kungotora uye kudzidza zviratidzo mumakiyi ese setafura yekuwanza. Hazvina kuoma sezvazvinoratidzika. Semuenzaniso, munyori wemitsara iyi akaita izvo chaizvo: kuva mudzidzi wegiredhi rechipiri rechikoro chemimhanzi, apedza 20-30 maminetsi, akabatisisa nemusoro izvo zvakarairwa nemudzidzisi, uye mushure meizvozvo pakanga pasisina matambudziko. nemusoro. Nenzira, kune avo vanoda nzira iyi, uye kune wese anoda kiyi cheat sheet yezvidzidzo zvesolfeggio, pamagumo echinyorwa chino tafura yemakiyi uye zviratidzo zvavo zvine kiyi ine mukana wekurodha ichapihwa.

Asi kana zviri izvo chete kuti hausi kufarira kudzidza, kana kana iwe usingakwanisi kuzviunza iwe kuti ugare pasi uye udzidze, saka ingoramba uchiverenga zvatakakugadzirira iwe. Tichakwanisa makiyi ese nenzira ine musoro. Uye zvakare, dzidzisa - nekuda kweizvi, mukufamba kwechinyorwa kuchave neakakosha mabasa.

Makiyi mangani aripo mumhanzi?

Pakazara, 30 makiyi makuru anoshandiswa mumimhanzi, ayo anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka matatu:

• 2 makiyi asina zviratidzo (rangarira nekukurumidza - C chikuru uye A diki);
• makiyi gumi nemana ane zvinopinza (awo 14 mahombe uye 7 madiki, mukiyi hombe kana diki pane kubva kune imwe kusvika kune inopinza);
• 14 makiyi ane flats (kusanganisira 7 huru uye 7 madiki, imwe neimwe iine kubva kune imwe kusvika kune manomwe mafurati).

Makiyi ane nhamba yakafanana yemavara, kureva, nhamba yakafanana yemafurati kana anopinza, anodaidzwa kunzi parallel keys. Parallel kiyi "aripo ari maviri": imwe yacho yakakura, imwe idiki. Semuenzaniso: C chikuru uye A madiki makiyi anoenderana, sezvo aine nhamba imwechete yemavara - zero (haapo: hapana anopinza kana mafurati). Kana mumwe muenzaniso: G chikuru uye E diki zvakare makiyi akafanana ane imwe yakapinza (F inopinza mune ese ari maviri).

Tonics emakiyi akafanana ari chinhambwe chechikamu chetatu kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, saka, kana isu tichiziva chero kiyi imwe chete, isu tinogona nyore kuwana yakafanana uye kuona kuti mangani masaini aachava nawo. Iwe unogona kuverenga nezve parallel kiyi zvakadzama mune yapfuura chinyorwa chesaiti yedu. Unofanira kukwanisa kuvawana nokukurumidza, saka ngatirangarirei mimwe mitemo.

Mutemo Nha. Kuti tiwane mudiki anofambirana, tinovaka chetatu kubva padanho rekutanga rekiyi hombe yepakutanga. Semuenzaniso: kiyi ndeye F-mukuru, mudiki wechitatu kubva F iFD, saka, D-mudiki ichava kiyi yakafanana yeF huru.

Mutemo Nha. Kuti tiwane yakakura yakafanana, tinovaka chetatu chidiki, pane zvinopesana, zvichikwira kubva padanho rekutanga rekiyi diki inozivikanwa kwatiri. Semuenzaniso, tonality yeG minor inopiwa, tinovaka chetatu chiduku kumusoro kubva kuG, tinowana ruzha rweB-flat, izvo zvinoreva kuti B-flat huru ichava iyo inodikanwa parallel key key.

Nzira yekusiyanisa makiyi akapinza uye akatsetseka nemazita?

Ngatiite chengetedzo ipapo ipapo kuti hapana chikonzero chekuyeuka zvese nemusoro kamwechete. Kutanga, zviri nani kuti uzvione, chete nemakiyi makuru, nekuti pachava nezviratidzo zvakafanana mukuenzanisa kudiki.

Saka, sei kusiyanisa pakati akapinza uye flat makiyi makuru? Very simple!

Mazita emakiyi eflat anowanzo aine izwi rekuti "flat": B-flat major, E-flat major, A-flat major, D-flat major, etc. Kunze ndiko kiyi yeF huru, iyo zvakare yakati sandara, kunyangwe izwi rekuti flat harina kutaurwa muzita raro. Izvi zvinoreva, nemamwe mazwi, mumakiyi akadai seG-flat hombe, C-flat hombe kana F huru, pachava nekiyi mafurati (kubva kune imwe kusvika kune manomwe).

Mazita emakiyi anopinza haataure chero njodzi, kana izwi rakapinza riripo. Semuyenzaniso, makiyi eG chikuru, D chikuru, A chikuru, F anopinza mukuru, C anopinza mukuru, zvichingodaro. Asi pano, tichitaura, pane zvakare nyore kunze. C chikuru, sezvamunoziva, kiyi isina zviratidzo, uye saka haishande kune inopinza. Uye imwezve inosarudzika - zvakare, F huru (ikiyi yakapfava, sezvatakambotaura).

Uye ngatidzokorore zvakare MITEMO. Kana pane izwi rekuti "flat" mumusoro, saka kiyi iri flat (iyo kunze ndeye F huru - zvakare flat). Kana pasina shoko rokuti "flat" kana kuti pane shoko rokuti "rakapinza", ipapo kiyi inopinza (kunze kweC huru isina zviratidzo uye flat F huru).

Sharp order uye flat order

Tisati taenderera kune tsanangudzo chaiyo yezviratidzo chaizvo mune imwe kiyi, isu tinotanga tatarisana nemafungiro akadai sekurongeka kwekupinza uye kurongeka kwemafurati. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti zvinopinza uye flats mumakiyi zvinoonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kwete zvisina tsarukano, asi mukutevedzana kwakanyatsotsanangurwa.

Kurongeka kwekupinza kunotevera: FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI. Uye, kana paine chete yakapinza muchiyero, ipapo ichave yakanyatsopinza F-yakapinza, uye kwete imwe imwe. Kana pane matatu akapinza mukiyi, saka, zvichiteerana, aya achava F, C uye G-akapinza. Kana pane zvishanu zvinopinza, zvino F-yakapinza, C-yakapinza, G-yakapinza, D-yakapinza uye A-yakapinza.

Kurongeka kwemafurati ndeyekurongeka kwakafanana kweanopinza, chete "topsy-turvy", ndiko kuti, mumativi ekufamba: SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA. Kana pane imwe furati mukiyi, ipapo ichava chaiyo B-flat, kana pane mafiritsi maviri - si uye mi-flat, kana pane ina, ipapo si, mi, la uye re.

Kurongeka kwezvakapinza uye flats kunofanira kudzidzwa. Zviri nyore, zvinokurumidza, uye zvinobatsira zvikuru. Unogona kudzidza nekungotaura mutsara wega wega zvinonzwika ka10, kana kuvarangarira semazita evamwe vatambi vengano, vakaita saMambokadzi Fadosol re Lamisi naMambo Simil re Soldof.

Kusarudza zviratidzo mumakiyi makuru akapinza

Mune makiyi makuru akapinza, iyo yekupedzisira inopinza idanho rekupedzisira pamberi pe tonic, nemamwe mazwi, yekupedzisira inopinza inhanho imwe yakaderera pane tonic. Iyo tonic, sezvaunoziva, ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yechiyero, inogara iripo muzita rekiyi.

Somuenzaniso, i ngatitorei kiyi yeG huru: iyo tonic ndiyo chinyorwa G, yekupedzisira inopinza ichava chinyorwa chakaderera pane G, ndiko kuti, ichava F inopinza. Zvino isu tinoenda mukurongeka kweanopinza FA KUTI SOL RE LI MI SI uye tinomira pane yaunoda yekupedzisira inopinza, ndiko kuti, fa. Chii chinoitika? Iwe unofanirwa kumira pakarepo, pane yekutanga chaiyo yakapinza, semugumisiro - muG guru pane imwe chete inopinza (F-yakapinza).

Mumwe muenzaniso. Ngatitorei kiyi yeE huru. Chii tonic? Mi! Wekupedzisira achapinza chii? Re inyore imwe yakaderera pane mi! Isu tinoenda muhurongwa hwekupinza uye tinomira painzwi "re": fa, ita, sol, re. Zvinoitika kuti kune mana chete anopinza muE makuru, isu takangonyora iwo.

MIRAYIRIDZO kuwana zvinopinza: 1) sarudza tonic; 2) sarudza kuti ndeupi unopinza uchava wekupedzisira; 3) enda muhurongwa hwekupinza uye umire pane yaunoda yekupedzisira inopinza; 4) gadzira mhedziso - vangani vanopinza vari mukiyi uye zvavari.

BASA ROKUDZIDZERA: tsvaga zviratidzo mukiyi dzeA huru, B huru, F-yakapinza huru.

SOLUTION (pindura mibvunzo pakiyi imwe neimwe): 1) Chii chinonzi tonic? 2)Chii chichava chekupedzisira chinopinza? 3)Ndezvipi zvinopinza zvichavepo uye ndezvipi?

Kusarudza zviratidzo mumakiyi makuru akafuratira

Mumakiyi akafuratira, akati siyanei. Chekutanga pane zvese, iwe unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti mune kiyi-kunze, F huru ingori imwe furati (yekutanga mukurongeka ndeye B-flat). Kupfuurirazve, mutemo unotevera: iyo tonic mukiyi yakatsetseka ndiyo pekupedzisira flat. Kuti uone zviratidzo, unofanirwa kuenda mukurongeka kwemafurati, tsvaga zita rekiyi mairi (kureva, zita re tonic) uye uwedzere imwezve, inotevera furati.

Somuenzaniso, i Ngatitsanangurirei zviratidzo zveA-flat major. Tinoenda muhurongwa hwemafurati uye tinowana A-flat: si, mi, la - heino. Tevere - wedzera imwe flat: si, mi, la uye re! Isu tinowana: muA-flat major kune maflat mana chete (si, mi, la, re).

Mumwe muenzaniso. Ngatitsanangurirei zviratidzo muG-flat huru. Tinoenda mukurongeka: si, mi, la, re, munyu - heino tonic uye tinowedzerawo imwe inotevera flat - si, mi, la, re, SALT, ita. Pakazara, kune matanhatu mafurati muG-flat makuru.

MIRAYIRIDZO kuwana mafurati: 1) enda muhurongwa hwemafurati; 2) svika kune tonic uye wedzera imwezve flat; 3) gadzira mhedziso - ingani mafurati ari mukiyi uye ndeapi.

BASA ROKUDZIDZERA: sarudza nhamba yezvinyorwa mumakiyi eB-flat guru, E-flat guru, F-major, D-flat guru.

SOLUTION (tinoita maererano nemirairo)

Nzira yekuziva sei zviratidzo mumakiyi madiki?

Kune makiyi madiki, hongu, munhu anogona zvakare kuuya nemimwe mitemo iri nyore. Semuenzaniso: mumakiyi madiki akapinza, yekupedzisira inopinza inhanho yakakwira kupfuura tonic, kana mumakiyi madiki akatsetseka, furati yekupedzisira ine nhanho mbiri dzakaderera pane tonic. Asi nhamba yakawandisa yemitemo inogona kukonzera nyonganiso, saka zvakanakisa kuona zviratidzo mumakiyi madiki neakafanana akakura.

MIRAYIRIDZO: 1) tanga kuona kiyi yakakura yakafanana (kuti tiite izvi, tinosimuka kusvika panguva yediki yechitatu kubva kune tonic); 2) sarudza zviratidzo zvekiyi yakakura yakafanana; 3) zviratidzo zvakafanana zvichange zviri muchiyero chidiki chepakutanga.

Semuyenzaniso. Ngatitsanangurirei zviratidzo zveF-yakapinza mudiki. Zvinobva zvajeka kuti tiri kubata nemakiyi akapinza (izwi rekuti "rakapinza" mumusoro rakatozviratidza pacharo). Ngatitsvagei toni inofambirana. Kuti tiite izvi, tinoisa parutivi chiduku chetatu kumusoro kubva kuF-yakapinza, tinowana inzwi "la" - tonic yehukuru hwakafanana. Saka, isu ikozvino tinoda kuona kuti zviratidzo zviri muA huru. MuA huru (kiyi yakapinza): tonic i "la", iyo yekupedzisira inopinza ndeye "sol", kune matatu akapinza muhuwandu (fa, do, sol). Naizvozvo, muF-yakapinza mudiki pachavawo neakapinza matatu (F, C, G).

Mumwe muenzaniso. Ngatitsanangurirei zviratidzo muna F minor. Hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kuti iyi ikey key here kana kuti flat. Isu tinowana parallelism: tinovaka diki chetatu kumusoro kubva "fa", tinowana "a-flat". A-flat major is a parallel system, zita rine izwi rekuti "flat", zvinoreva kuti F minor ichavawo kiyi yakafuratira. Isu tinosarudza nhamba yemafurati muA-flat huru: tinoenda muhurongwa hwemafurati, tinosvika kune tonic uye tinowedzera chimwe chiratidzo: si, mi, la, re. Pakazara - mafurati mana muA flat major uye nhamba imwechete muF minor (si, mi, la, re).

BASA REKUDZIDZWA: Tsvaga zviratidzo mumakiyi C-wakapinza mudiki, B mudiki, G mudiki, C mudiki, D mudiki, A mudiki.

SOLUTION (tinopindura mibvunzo uye zvishoma nezvishoma tinosvika kumhedziso dzinodiwa): 1) Ndeipi inzwi rinoenderana? 2) Yakapinza here kana kuti flat? 3)Zviratidzo zvingani zvirimo uye ndezvipi? 4) Tinopedzisa - ndezvipi zviratidzo zvichange zviri mukiyi yepakutanga.

Tafura "Toni nezviratidzo zvavo pakiyi"

Uye zvino, sezvakavimbiswa pakutanga, tinokupa tafura yemakiyi ane makiyi zviratidzo. Mutafura, makiyi anoenderana nenhamba imwechete yezvinopinza kana mafurati anonyorwa pamwechete; chikamu chechipiri chinopa mabhii mazita emakiyi; muchitatu - nhamba yezvinyorwa inoratidzwa, uye yechina - inotsanangurwa kuti ndeapi mavara ari mune imwe chiyero.

Iyi tafura inogona zvakare kutorwa kuti idhindwe kana iwe uchida solfeggio cheat sheet - TORA. Mushure mekuita zvishoma zvekushanda nemakiyi akasiyana, mazhinji makiyi nezviratidzo zviri mazviri zvinorangarirwa ivo pachavo.

Tinokurudzira kuti utarise vhidhiyo iri pamusoro pechidzidzo. Vhidhiyo iyi inopa imwe nzira yakafanana yekubata nemusoro mavara akakosha mumakiyi akasiyana.