Nzira yekuona kuwirirana kwemimhanzi

Kana tichitaura nezve rwiyo, tine mubatsiri akanaka kwazvo - tsvimbo.

Tichitarisa pamufananidzo uyu, kunyange munhu asina ruzivo rwemumhanzi anogona kuziva zviri nyore kuti mutinhimira wacho unokwira rini, paunodzika, kana kufamba uku kwakatsetseka, uye kana kusvetuka. Isu tinoona chaizvo kuti ndeapi manotsi ari padhuze neruzha uye kuti ndeapi ari kure.

Asi mumunda wekuwirirana, zvinhu zvose zvinoratidzika zvakasiyana zvachose: zvinyorwa zvepedyo, semuenzaniso, to и re inonzwika isinganzwisisike pamwe chete, uye mamwe ari kure, semuenzaniso, to и E - zvakanyanya kurira. Pakati pekonzonendi yechina neyechishanu pane zvachose dissonant tritone. Iyo pfungwa yekuenderana inoshanduka kuve neimwe nzira "isina-mutsara".

Zvinokwanisika here kutora mufananidzo wakadaro unotaridzika, uchitarisa izvo, tinogona kuona nyore nyore kuti "harmonically" zvinyorwa zviviri zviri pedyo kune mumwe nemumwe?

 "Valences" yezwi

Ngatiyeukei zvakare kuti inzwi rinorongwa sei (Fig. 1).

Mutsara wega wega wakamira pagirafu unomiririra kuwirirana kwezwi. Ese iwo mamultiples etoni yakakosha, kureva kuti, mafrequency awo 2, 3, 4 ... (nezvimwe zvakadaro) akakura kupfuura kuwanda kwetoni yakakosha. Harmonic imwe neimwe inonzi monochrome inzwi, ndiko kuti, ruzha umo mune imwe chete frequency ye oscillation.

Kana isu tichiridza kanoti imwe chete, tinenge tichigadzira nhamba huru yemanzwi emonochrome. Semuenzaniso, kana chinyorwa chikaridzwa kune diki octave, iyo yakakosha frequency ndeye 220 Hz, panguva imwe chete monochromatic inonzwika pamafrequency e440 Hz, 660 Hz, 880 Hz zvichingodaro (inenge makumi mapfumbamwe inonzwika mukati meyemunhu renji) ruzha.

Kuziva chimiro chakadaro cheharmonics, ngatiedzei kufunga kuti tingabatanidza sei manzwi maviri nenzira iri nyore.

Yekutanga, yakapusa, nzira ndeyekutora manzwi maviri ane mafambiro anosiyana nekaviri chaiko. Ngationei kuti inotaridzika sei maererano neharmonics, kuisa manzwi pasi peimwe (Fig. 2).

Isu tinoona kuti mumubatanidzwa uyu, manzwi ane zvakafanana sekondi yega yega harmonic (inopindirana harmonics inoratidzwa mutsvuku). Iwo manzwi maviri ane zvakawanda zvakafanana - 50%. Vachava "harmonically" pedyo zvikuru kune mumwe nemumwe.

Kubatanidzwa kwemanzwi maviri, sezvamunoziva, kunonzi nguva. Nguva inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2 inonzi pasi pasi.

Zvakakodzera kutaura zvakasiyana kuti nguva yakadaro "yakabatana" neoctave haina tsaona. Zvechokwadi, munhoroondo, nzira yacho, zvechokwadi, yakanga yakasiyana: pakutanga vakanzwa kuti miviri miviri yakadaro yakanzwika pamwe chete zvakanaka uye inopindirana, yakagadzirisa nzira yekugadzira nguva yakadaro, ndokuzoitumidza kuti "octave". Nzira yekuvaka ndiyo yekutanga, uye zita racho nderechipiri.

Nzira inotevera yekutaurirana ndeyekutora manzwi maviri, mafrequency ayo anosiyana ne3 nguva (Fig. 3).

Tinoona kuti pano manzwi maviri ane zvakawanda zvakafanana - chetatu chese harmonic. Aya manzwi maviri achavewo ari pedyo zvikuru, uye nguva yacho, maererano naizvozvo, ichava consonant. Uchishandisa fomula kubva kune yakapfuura noti, unogona kuverenga kuti chiyero che frequency consonance yenguva yakadaro i33,3%.

Iyi nguva inonzi duodecima kana cheshanu kuburikidza neoctave.

Uye pakupedzisira, nzira yechitatu yekukurukurirana, iyo inoshandiswa mumimhanzi yemazuva ano, ndeyokutora manzwi maviri ane chatot kusiyana kwe5 nguva (Fig. 4).

Nguva yakadaro haina kana zita rayo, inogona kungodaidzwa kuti chetatu mushure me octaves maviri, zvisinei, sezvatinoona, musanganiswa uyu unewo chiyero chepamusoro chekonsonanti - cheshanu chese harmonic chinopindirana.

Saka, isu tine kubatanidza kutatu kwakapfava pakati pemanotsi - octave, duodecim uye chetatu kuburikidza nemaoctave maviri. Tichadaidza nguva idzi dzepakati. Ngatinzwe kuti dzinonzwika sei.

Audio 1. Octave

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Audio 2. Duodecima

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Audio 3. Chechitatu kuburikidza neoctave

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Konsonanti chaiyo. Muchikamu chega chega, ruzha rwepamusoro rine hunyoro hwepasi uye hauwedzere chero ruzha rutsva rwemonochrome kune ruzha rwayo. Kuenzanisa, ngatiteererei kuti kanoti imwe kanoita sei to uye zvinyorwa zvina: to, ruzha rweoctave, ruzha rweduodecimal, uye ruzha rwakakwirira nechikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu maoctaves maviri oga oga.

Audio 4. Inzwi ku

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Audio 5. Chord: CCSE

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Sezvatinonzwa, mutsauko wacho mudiki, mashoma mashoma eruzha rwekutanga "anowedzerwa".

Asi kudzokera kunguva dzekutanga.

Multiplicity nzvimbo

Kana tikasarudza imwe chinyorwa (semuenzaniso, to), ipapo manotsi anowanikwa nhanho imwe yekutanga kubva pairi ichave yakanyanya "harmonically" padyo nayo. Iyo yepedyo ichava octave, zvishoma zvishoma duodecimal, uye shure kwavo - yechitatu kuburikidza neoctave mbiri.

Mukuwedzera, kune yega yega yega yega, tinogona kutora matanho akati wandei. Semuenzaniso, tinogona kugadzira ruzha rweoctave, tozotora imwe nhanho yeoctave kubva mairi. Kuti tiite izvi, kuwanda kwezwi rekutanga kunofanirwa kuwanzwa ne2 (tinowana octave ruzha), uyezve kuwedzera ne2 (tinowana octave kubva kune octave). Mhedzisiro iyi inzwi rine 4 nguva yakakwirira kupfuura yekutanga. Mumufananidzo, ichaita seizvi (Fig. 5).

Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti nenhanho imwe neimwe inotevera, manzwi ane zvishoma uye zvishoma zvakafanana. Tiri kufamba tichienda kure kure nekonsonanti.

Nenzira, pano tichaongorora kuti sei takatora kuwanda na 2, 3 uye 5 sezvikamu zvakakosha, uye takadarika kuwanza ne 4. Kuwedzera na 4 haisi nguva yepasi, nokuti tinogona kuiwana tichishandisa nguva dzebhesi dzagara dziripo. Pakadai, kuwanza ne 4 matanho maviri octave.

Mamiriro acho akasiyana nezvikamu zvepasi: hazvibviri kuzviwana kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepakati. Hazvigoneki, nekuwanza 2 na3, kuwana kana nhamba 5 pachayo, kana chero masimba ayo. Neimwe nzira, nzvimbo dzepasi "perpendicular" kune mumwe nemumwe.

Ngatiedzei kuifananidza.

Ngatidhirowei matatu perpendicular axes (Fig. 6). Kune imwe neimwe yadzo, ticharonga nhamba yematanho ega ega epakati penguva: pane axis yakanangidzirwa kwatiri, nhamba yematanho eoctave, pane yakachinjika axis, duodecimal nhanho, uye paakisi yakatwasuka, nhanho dzepamusoro.

Chati yakadaro ichanzi nzvimbo yekuwanda.

Kufunga nezvematatu-dimensional nzvimbo mundege hazvina kunaka, asi isu tichaedza.

Paaxis, iyo yakanangidzirwa kwatiri, tinoisa parutivi octaves. Sezvo zvese manotsi anowanikwa octave akaparadzana akatumidzwa zvakafanana, axis iyi ichave isingafadze isu. Asi ndege, iyo inoumbwa ne duodecimal (yechishanu) uye tertian axes, tichanyatsoongorora (Fig. 7).

Pano zvinyorwa zvinoratidzwa nekupinza, kana zvichidiwa, zvinogona kusarudzwa se enharmonic (kureva, yakaenzana nezwi) nemafurati.

Ngatidzokorore zvakare kuti iyi ndege inogadzirwa sei.

Tasarudza chero chinyorwa, nhanho imwe kurudyi kwayo, tinoisa chinyorwa icho chiri duodecime imwe kumusoro, kuruboshwe - imwe duodecim yakaderera. Kutora matanho maviri kurudyi, tinowana duodecyma kubva duodecyma. Semuenzaniso, kutora nhanho mbiri dze duodecimal kubva painoti to, tinowana chinyorwa re.

Nhanho imwe ichitevedza axis yakatwasuka ndeyechitatu kuburikidza nemaoctaves maviri. Kana isu tichitora nhanho kumusoro neaxis, iyi ichitatu kuburikidza nembiri octaves kumusoro, kana isu tichitora nhanho pasi, iyi nguva inoiswa pasi.

Iwe unogona kutsika kubva kune chero chinyorwa uye mune chero nzira.

Ngationei kuti chirongwa ichi chinoshanda sei.

Tinosarudza chinyorwa. Kuita matanho kubva manotsi, tinowana kanoti kashoma uye kashoma nerekutanga. Saizvozvo, kure kure izvo zvinonyorwa zvichibva kune imwe neimwe munzvimbo ino, iyo shoma yepakati yekonzonendi inoumba. Zvinyorwa zvepedyo ndezvevavakidzani pamwe chete ne octave axis (iyo, sokunge zvakadaro, inotungamirirwa kwatiri), zvishoma zvishoma - vavakidzani pamwe chete ne duodecimal, uye kunyange mberi - pamwe chete nemateti.

Semuenzaniso, kuti uwane kubva kune chinyorwa to kusvika painoti yako, tinoda kutora nhanho imwe duodecimal (tinowana munyu), uyezve imwe terts, zvichiteerana, nguva inoguma ita-hongu ichava shoma pane duodecime kana yechitatu.

Kana "madaro" muPC akaenzana, ipapo consonances yezvikamu zvinowirirana zvichave zvakaenzana. Chinhu chega chatisingafaniri kukanganwa nezve octave axis, isingaoneki iripo mune zvese zvivakwa.

Uyu ndiwo mufananidzo unoratidza kuti zvinyorwa zviri pedyo sei kune mumwe nemumwe "harmonically". Zviri pachirongwa ichi kuti zvine musoro kufunga nezvese harmonic zvivakwa.

Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda pamusoro pekuita izvi mu "Building Musical Systems"Zvakanaka, tichazotaura nezvazvo nguva inotevera.

Munyori - Roman Oleinikov