Anton Rubinstein |

Anton Rubinstein

Ndagara ndichifarira kutsvakurudza kana uye kusvika papi mimhanzi haingotauri humwechete uye mafungiro emweya euyu kana kuti munyori, asiwo kuva maungira kana maungira enguva, zviitiko zvezvakaitika kare, mamiriro emagariro evanhu, nezvimwewo. Uye ndakasvika pakugumisa kuti inogona kuva maungira akadaro. kune diki diki… A. Rubinstein

A. Rubinstein mumwe wevanhu vepakati pehupenyu hwemimhanzi hweRussia muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Akabatanidza mutambi wepiyano akangwara, murongi mukuru wehupenyu hwemimhanzi uye munyori akashanda mumhando dzakasiyana uye akagadzira akati wandei mabasa akanakisa anochengeta kukosha kwavo uye kukosha kusvika nhasi. Zvinyorwa zvakawanda uye chokwadi zvinopupurira nzvimbo iyo basa raRubinstein uye chitarisiko chaigara mumutauro weRussia. Mifananidzo yake yakavezwa naB. Perov, I. Repin, I. Kramskoy, M. Vrubel. Nhetembo dzakawanda dzakatsaurirwa kwaari - kupfuura chero muimbi wenguva iyoyo. Inotaurwa mutsamba yaA. Herzen naN. Ogarev. L. Tolstoy neni. Turgenev vakataura nezvake vachiyemura…

Hazvibviri kunzwisisa uye kuonga Rubinstein munyori ari oga kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zvebasa rake uye, kwete zvishoma, kubva pane zvinyorwa zvehupenyu hwake. Akatanga sevana vazhinji vepakati pezana ramakore, aita rwendo rwekonzati kumaguta makuru eEurope muna 1840-43 nemudzidzisi wake A. Villuan. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza akawana rusununguko rwakakwana: nokuda kwekuparadzwa uye kufa kwababa vake, munun'una wake Nikolai naamai vake vakabva Berlin, apo vakomana vakadzidza dzidziso yekunyora naZ. Den, uye vakadzokera kuMoscow. Anton akatamira kuVienna uye ane chikwereti chebasa rake rose remangwana kwaari. Kubishaira, kuzvimiririra uye kusimba kwehunhu hwakakudziridzwa muhudiki uye muhudiki, kudada kwehunyanzvi kuzviziva, demokrasi yemuimbi ane hunyanzvi uyo art ndiyo chete sosi yekuvapo kwezvinhu - zvese izvi zvakaramba zviri hunhu hwemuimbi kusvika pakupera mazuva ake.

Rubinstein aiva muimbi wokutanga wokuRussia ane mukurumbira zvechokwadi munyika yose: mumakore akasiyana akaramba achipa makonzati munyika dzose dzeEurope uye muU.SA. Uye anenge nguva dzose aisanganisira zvidimbu zvake zvepiyano muzvirongwa kana kuita zvinyorwa zvake zve orchestra. Asi kunyange pasina izvozvo, mimhanzi yaRubinstein yakanzwika zvikuru munyika dzeEurope. Saka, F. Liszt akaita muna 1854 muWeimar opera yake Siberian Hunters, uye makore mashomanana gare gare munzvimbo imwechete - oratorio Yakarasika Paradhiso. Asi kushandiswa kukuru kwetarenda raRubinstein rakawanda uye simba guru rakawanikwa, hongu, muRussia. Akapinda munhoroondo yetsika yeRussia semuvambi uye mumwe wevatangi veRussian Musical Society, iyo inotungamira konzati sangano rakabatsira pakuvandudza hupenyu hwekonzati yenguva dzose uye dzidzo yemimhanzi mumaguta eRussia. Pakuita kwake pachake, yekutanga yeSt. Petersburg Conservatory munyika yakasikwa - akava mutungamiriri wayo uye purofesa. P. Tchaikovsky akanga ari mukupedza kudzidza kwokutanga kwevadzidzi vake. Mhando dzese, matavi ese ekuita kweRubinstein yekugadzira akabatanidzwa nepfungwa yekuvhenekerwa. Uye kugadzira zvakare.

Nhaka yekugadzira yaRubinstein yakakura. Angangove ndiye munyori anonyanya kunyora muhafu yese yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi 13. Akanyora 4 operas uye 6 sacred oratorio operas, 10 symphonies uye ca. 20 mamwe anoshandira orchestra, ca. 200 chamber instrumental ensembles. Nhamba yezvimedu zvepiyano inodarika 180; pazvinyorwa zveRussia, chiGerman, Serbian nevamwe vadetembi vakagadzira approx. XNUMX enzimbo dzerudo nemanzwi… Mazhinji enziyo idzi ane zvaanofarira zvenhoroondo. "Multi-writing", kukurumidza kwekugadzirisa maitiro, kwakakuvadza zvikuru kunaka uye kupera kwemabasa. Nguva zhinji paive nekupokana kwemukati pakati pekunatsurudzwa kwemifungo yemimhanzi uye zvirongwa zvakaomarara zvekusimudzira kwavo.

Asi pakati pemazana emaopusi akakanganwika, nhaka yaAnton Rubinstein ine zvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvinoratidza hunhu hwake hwakapfuma, hune simba, nzeve inonzwa, chipo chemhanzi, uye hunyanzvi hwemuimbi. Muimbi wacho ainyanya kubudirira mumifananidzo yemimhanzi yeEast, iyo, kutanga naM. Glinka, yaiva tsika yemidzi yemimhanzi yeRussia. Kubudirira kwehunyanzvi munzvimbo iyi kwakacherechedzwa kunyangwe nevatsoropodzi vaive nemafungiro asina kunaka kune basa raRubinstein - uye kwaive nevakawanda vakadaro vane simba, vakaita saC. Cui.

Pakati pezvakanakisa zvekuzvarwa kwaRubinstein zvekumabvazuva kune opera The Dhimoni nePezhiya Nziyo (uye izwi risingakanganwike raChaliapin, nekuzvidzora, kunyarara kwechido, kuburitsa "Ah, dai zvaive zvakadaro nekusingaperi ...") Rudzi rweRussia lyric opera yakaumbwa. muDhimoni, iyo yakakurumidza kuva muEugene Onegin. Mabhuku echiRussia kana mufananidzo wemakore iwayo anoratidza kuti chido chekuratidza nyika yemweya, psychology yemazuva ano yaiva chikamu chetsika yose yeunyanzvi. Mimhanzi yaRubinstein yakaendesa izvi kuburikidza nechimiro cheinzwi che opera. Vasingazorori, vasingagutsikani, vachivavarira kuwana mufaro uye kusakwanisa kuuwana, muteereri wemakore iwayo akaziva kuti Dhimoni Rubinstein naye pachake, uye kuzivikanwa kwakadaro kwakaitika munhandare yemitambo yeRussian, zvinoita sokuti, kekutanga. Uye, sezvinoitika munhoroondo yehunyanzvi, nekuratidza uye kuratidza nguva yayo, Rubinstein's best opera nokudaro inoramba ichitifadza. Romance inorarama uye inonzwika ("Usiku" - "Inzwi rangu rakapfava uye rakapfava kwauri" - nhetembo idzi naA. Pushkin dzakaiswa nemuimbi kune yake yekutanga piyano chidimbu - "Romance" muF chikuru), uye Epithalama kubva kuopera. "Nero", uye Yechina Concerto yePiano neOrchestra…

L. Korabelnikova