Boris Asafyev |

Boris Asafyev

People's Artist yeUSSR (1946). Academician (1943). Muna 1908 akapedza kudzidza kubva kuFaculty of History uye Philology yeSt. Petersburg University, muna 1910 - St. Petersburg Conservatory, kirasi yezvinyorwa AK Lyadov. Kukurukurirana naVV Stasov, AM Gorky, IE Repin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AK Glazunov, FI Chaliapin aiva nemigumisiro inobatsira pakuumbwa kwemaonero ake enyika. Kubva 1910 akashanda semuperekedzi paMariinsky Theatre, yaive kutanga kwehukama hwake hwepedyo hwekusika neRussia musical theatre. Muna 1910-11, Asafiev akanyora mabheti ekutanga - "Chipo cheFairy" uye "White Lily". Yaionekwa dzimwe nguva mukudhinda. Kubva 1914 aigara akabudiswa mumagazini "Music".

Asafiev's sainzi-nhau uye zvemimhanzi-yeruzhinji zviitiko zvakawana yakakosha chiyero mushure meGreat Gumiguru Socialist Revolution. Akashanda mune akati wandei nhengo dzenhau (Hupenyu hweArt, Vechernyaya Krasnaya Gazeta, nezvimwewo), achipindura mibvunzo yakasiyana-siyana kubva kumamuse. upenyu, akatora chikamu mubasa remumisi. t-ditch, konzati uye tsika-kubvisa. masangano muPetrograd. Kubva 1919, Asafiev aibatanidzwa neBolshoi Drama. t-rum, akanyora mimhanzi yezvinoverengeka zvemitambo yake. Muna 1919-30 akashanda paInstitute of the History of Art (kubvira 1920 akanga ari mukuru weboka renhoroondo yemimhanzi). Kubva 1925 Purofesa Leningrad. Conservatory. 1920s - imwe yenguva dzakanyanya zvibereko zvesainzi. Zviitwa zveAsafiev. Panguva ino, zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa. zvakanyanya kukosha. mabasa - "Symphonic Etudes", "Letters on Russian Opera and Ballet", "Russian Music from the Beginning of the 19th Century", "Musical Form as a Process" (chikamu 1), kutenderera kwe monographs uye analytical zvidzidzo, zvakatsaurirwa. basa raMI Glinka, MP Mussorgsky, PI Tchaikovsky, AK Glazunov, IF Stravinsky nevamwe, vamwe vakawanda. nyaya dzinokosha nezvemazuva ano. Vanyori veSoviet uye vekune dzimwe nyika, panyaya dzeaesthetics, mimhanzi. dzidzo nekuvhenekerwa. Mumakore makumi matatu. Asafiev akapa Ch. music attention. kusika, kunyanya kushanda nesimba mumunda we ballet. Muna 30-1941, muLeningrad yakakombwa, Asafiev akanyora kutenderera kwakawanda kwemabasa - "Pfungwa neMifungo" (yakabudiswa muchikamu). Muna 43 Asafiev akatamira kuMoscow uye akatungamirira Research Office kuMoscow. Conservatory, akatungamirirawo Music Sector paInstitute of the History of Art muUSSR Academy of Sciences. Muna 1943, paFirst All-Union Congress of Composers, akasarudzwa kare. CK USSR. Stalin Mibayiro muna 1948 kwemakore mazhinji ekubudirira kwakatanhamara mumunda wehunyanzvi uye muna 1943 yebhuku Glinka.

Asafiev akaita mupiro wakatanhamara kumatavi mazhinji edzidziso uye nhoroondo yemimhanzi. Nemimhanzi yakanaka. uye general arts. erudition, ruzivo rwakadzama rwevanhu, aigara achifunga nezve muses. zviitiko pane yakafararira magariro uye tsika kumashure, mukubatana kwavo uye nekudyidzana nemativi ese ehupenyu hwemweya. Asafiev ane tarenda rakajeka rekunyora rakamubatsira kudzoreredza manzwiro emuses. prod. muchimiro chekurarama uye chekufananidzira; Mumabasa aAsafiev, chinhu chekutsvagisa chinowanzo kusanganiswa nehupenyu hwekutarisa kwemucherechedzo. Imwe yechap. zvesainzi Asafiev zvaidiwa aiva Russian. mumhanzi wekirasi, achiongorora to-ruyu Asafiev yakaratidza hunhu hwayo hwekuzvarwa, hunhu hwevanhu, chokwadi, nzira dzakakwirira dzetsika. Mumabasa akatsaurirwa kumimhanzi yemazuva ano nemimhanzi. nhaka, Asafiev akaita kwete chete semuongorori, asiwo semuzivisi. Hunhu mupfungwa iyi ndiro zita reimwe yemabasa aAsafiev - "Kuburikidza nekare kusvika kune ramangwana." Asafiev akataura nesimba uye achishingairira kudzivirira hutsva mukugadzira uye mimhanzi. hupenyu. Mumakore e-pre-revolutionary, Asafiev aiva (pamwe naVG Karatygin naN. Ya. Myaskovsky) mumwe wevatsoropodzi vekutanga uye propagandst yebasa rechidiki SS Prokofiev. Kuma20s. Asafiev akazvipira nhamba yezvinyorwa kumabasa aA. Berg, P. Hindemith, E. Ksheneck nevamwe. vanyori vekune dzimwe nyika. MuBhuku reStravinsky, mamwe maitiro ekunyora anoratidzwa zvinyoro-nyoro. maitiro emumhanzi wekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20. Muzvinyorwa zveAsafiev "Dambudziko reKusika Kwemunhu" uye "Vanyori, Kurumidzai!" (1924) paive nechikumbiro chekuti vaimbi vabatane nehupenyu, vaswedere kumuteereri. Mn. Asafiev akateerera nyaya dzemimhanzi yakawanda. hupenyu, nr. kusika. Kumienzaniso yakanakisa yemazizi. vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vane zvinyorwa zvake paN. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich, AI Khachaturian, V. Ya. Shebalin.

Philosophical uye aesthetic. uye theoretical maonero aAsafiev akawana chiratidzo. evolution. Mukati menguva yapakuvamba yebasa rake, akanga akaratidzirwa nokudisa. maitiro. Kuvavarira kunzwisisa kwakasimba kwemimhanzi, kukunda dzidziso. dzidziso dzemimhanzi. fomu, pakutanga aivimba neuzivi hwaA. Bergson, achikwereta, kunyanya, pfungwa yake ye "hupenyu hwepfungwa". Pakuumbwa kwemimhanzi-theoretical. Pfungwa yaAsafiev ine simba rakakura pane simba. Dzidziso yaE. Kurt. Kudzidza kwemabasa ekare eMarxism-Leninism (kubva pahafu yechipiri ye2s) yakabvumidza Asafiev pane zvenyama. zvinzvimbo. Mhedzisiro yekutsvaga kweiyo theoretical Asafiev yaive kusikwa kweiyo dzidziso yeizwi, iyo iye pachake akafunga sefungidziro inobatsira kuwana "kiyi yekunyatso kurongeka kwehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi sechiratidzo chaicho chechokwadi." Kutsanangura mimhanzi se "hunyanzvi hwezvinoreva", Asafiev akafunga kuimbira sechinhu chikuru. chimiro che "kuratidzwa kwekufunga" mumimhanzi. Pfungwa ye symphonism senzira yehunyanzvi, yakaiswa pamberi naAsafiev, yakawana kukosha kwedzidziso kukosha. generalizations mumimhanzi yakavakirwa pane dynamic. maonero echokwadi mukukura kwayo, kukonana uye kurwa kwemisimboti inopokana. Asafiev ndiye mutsivi uye mutsivi wevamiriri vakakurumbira veRussia. classical pfungwa pamusoro pemimhanzi - VF Odoevsky, AN Serov, VV Stasov. Panguva imwecheteyo, basa rake rinoratidza danho idzva mukukura kwemuses. sainzi. A. - muvambi wemazizi. musicology. Pfungwa dzake dzakabudirira mumabasa eSoviet, pamwe nevamwe vakawanda. vatorwa vemimhanzi.

Basa rekunyora raAsafiev rinosanganisira 28 ballets, 11 operas, 4 symphonies, nhamba huru yerudo uye zviridzwa zvekamuri. kugadzirwa, mimhanzi kune dzakawanda dzinoshamisa mitambo. Akapedzisa uye akaridza opera Khovanshchina naMP Mussorgsky maererano nezvinyorwa zvemunyori, uye akaita shanduro itsva. Serov's opera "Muvengi Simba"

Mupiro unokosha wakaitwa naAsafiev mukugadzirwa kwe ballet. Nebasa rake, akawedzera tsika. denderedzwa remifananidzo yerudzi urwu. Akanyora ballets zvichienderana nehurongwa hweAS Pushkin - The Fountain of Bakhchisarai (1934, Leningrad Opera uye Ballet Theatre), Musungwa weCaucasus (1938, Leningrad, Maly Opera Theatre), The Young Lady-Peasant Woman (1946, Big tr.), nezvimwewo; NV Gogol - Husiku Pamberi peKisimusi (1938, Leningrad Opera neBallet Theatre); M. Yu. Lermontov - "Ashik-Kerib" (1940, Leningrad. Small Opera House); M. Gorky - "Radda naLoiko" (1938, Moscow, pakati pepaki yetsika nekuvaraidza); O. Balzac - "Lost Illusions" (1935, Leningrad Opera uye Ballet Theatre); Dante - "Francesca da Rimini" (1947, Moscow Musical Tr yakatumidzwa zita reKS Stanislavsky uye VI Nemirovich-Danchenko). Mubasa reBallet raAsafiev, gamba reHondo yeVanhu - "Mazuva ePartisan" (1937, Leningrad Opera uye Ballet Theatre) yakaratidzwa uye yakasunungurwa. kurwisana kwevanhu vachipesana nefascism - "Militsa" (1947, ibid.). Mune akati wandei ma ballet, Asafiev akatsvaga kudzoreredza "intonation mamiriro" enguva. Muballet The Flames of Paris (1932, ibid.), Asafiev akashandisa nziyo dzenguva yeChimurenga cheFrance uye anoshanda nevanyori venguva iyoyo uye "akashanda pabasa iri kwete semunyori wemitambo, munyori, asiwo senyanzvi yemimhanzi. , munyori wenhau dzakaitika uye munyori wedzidziso, uye semunyori, asingazezi nzira dzenovhero yenhoroondo yemazuva ano. Imwe nzira yakafanana yakashandiswa naAsafiev pakugadzira opera The Treasurer zvichienderana nechirongwa cheM. Yu. Lermontov (1937, Leningrad Pakhomov Sailors Club) nevamwe. mune repertoire yeSoviet muses. t-ditch

Zvinyorwa: Aihwa. mabasa, vols. IV, M., 1952-1957 (muchikamu. V akapihwa rondedzero yebhaibheri uye notography); Fav. nyaya dzinotaura nezvokujekesa kwemimhanzi uye dzidzo, M.-L., 1965; Zvinyorwa zvakakosha uye ongororo, M.-L., 1967; Oresteia. Mumhanzi. trilogy S. Uye. Taneeva, M., 1916; Romance S. Uye. Taneeva, M., 1916; Concert Guide, vol. I. Duramazwi rinonyanya kudiwa mumhanzi uye tekinoroji. mazita, P., 1919; Yakapfuura yeRussia Music. Zvishandiso uye Tsvagiridzo, vol. 1. AP UYE. Tchaikovsky, P., 1920 (ed.); Nhetembo dzeRussia munziyo dzeRussia, P., 1921; Chaikovsky. Chiitiko chehunhu, P., 1921; Scriabin. Chiitiko chehunhu, P., 1921; Dante neMumhanzi, mu: Dante Alighieri. 1321-1921, P., 1921; Symphonic studies, P., 1922, 1970; P. Uye. Chaikovsky. Upenyu hwake nebasa, P., 1922; Tsamba dzeRussia Opera uye Ballet, Petrograd Weekly. state acade. theatre”, 1922, No 3-7, 9, 10, 12, 13; Chopin. Chiitiko chehunhu, M., 1923; Mussorgsky. Chiitiko chehunhu, M., 1923; Overture "Ruslan naLyudmila" naGlinka, "Musical Chronicle", Sat. 2, P., 1923; Dzidziso yemimhanzi-yenhoroondo nzira, sehwaro hweruzivo rwemimhanzi-nhoroondo, muSat: Mabasa uye nzira dzekudzidza hunyanzvi, P., 1924; Glazunov. Chiitiko chehunhu, L., 1924; Myaskovsky se symphonist, Modern Music, M., 1924, No 3; Chaikovsky. Memoirs netsamba, P., 1924 (ed.); Contemporary Russian Musicology uye Its Historical Tasks, De Musisa, vol. 1, L., 1925; Glinka's Waltz-Fantasy, Musical Chronicle, No 3, L., 1926; Mibvunzo yemimhanzi kuchikoro. akagara. zvinyorwa ed. Uye. Glebova, L., 1926; Symphonism sedambudziko remazuva ano musicology, mubhuku: P. Becker, Symphony kubva kuBeethoven kuenda kuMahler, trans. ed. Uye. Glebova, L., 1926; Mimhanzi yeFrance nevamiriri vayo vemazuva ano, muunganidzwa: "Vatanhatu" (Milo. Onegger. Arik. Poulenc. Durey. Taifer), L., 1926; Kshenec naBerg sevaimbi veopera, "Modern Music", 1926, Nha. 17-18; A. Casella, L., 1927; KUBVA. Prokofiev, L., 1927; Pamabasa ekukurumidza esociology yemimhanzi, mubhuku: Moser G. I., Mimhanzi yeguta rekare, trans. neGermany, pasi pekuraira. Uye. Glebova, L., 1927; Russian symphonic mimhanzi kwemakore gumi, "Music uye Revolution", 10, No 1927; Mimhanzi yepamba mushure meGumiguru, muSat: Mimhanzi mitsva, kwete. 1 (V), L., 1927; Pamusoro pekudzidza kweRussia mimhanzi yezana ramakore reXVIII. uye maviri operas naBortnyansky, muunganidzwa: Mimhanzi uye mimhanzi hupenyu hwekare Russia, L., 1927; Memo nezve Kozlovsky, ibid.; Kudzorerwa kwe "Boris Godunov" naMussorgsky, L., 1928; Bhuku raStravinsky, L., 1929; ASI. G. Rubinstein mubasa rake remimhanzi uye ongororo yevaakararama navo, M., 1929; Russian romance. Chiitiko chekuongorora kweizwi. akagara. zvinyorwa ed. B. AT. Asafiev, M.-L., 1930; Nhanganyaya kuChidzidzo cheMussorgsky's Dramaturgy, mu: Mussorgsky, chikamu XNUMX. 1. "Boris Godunov". Zvinyorwa uye zvinhu, M., 1930; Chimiro chemimhanzi senzira, M., 1930, L., 1963; TO. Nef. Nhoroondo yeWestern Europe. mimhanzi, yakadzokororwa uye yakawedzerwa trans. pamwe nefranc. B. AT. Asafiev, L., 1930; M., 1938; Nziyo dzeRussia kubvira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, M.-L., 1930, 1968; Mimhanzi uye aesthetic maonero eMussorgsky, mu: M. AP Mussorgsky. Kusvika kumakore makumi mashanu ekufa kwake. 1881-1931, Moscow, 1932. Pamusoro pebasa raShostakovich uye opera yake "Lady Macbeth", muunganidzwa: "Lady Macbeth weMtsensk District", L., 1934; Nzira yangu, "SM", 1934, No 8; Mukurangarira P. Uye. Tchaikovsky, M.-L., 1940; Kuburikidza nekare kusvika kune ramangwana, nhevedzano yezvinyorwa, muunganidzwa: "SM", No 1, M., 1943; Eugene Onegin. Zvinyorwa zvemashoko P. Uye. Tchaikovsky. Chiitiko cheintonation yekuongorora maitiro uye mimhanzi. dramaturgy, M.-L., 1944; N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, M.-L., 1944; Yesere symphony D. Shostakovich, mu sb.: Moscow Philharmonic, Moscow, 1945; Munyori wekutanga pol. XNUMXth century, kwete. 1, M., 1945 (muchikamu che "Russian classical music"); KUBVA. AT. Rachmaninov, M., 1945; Chimiro chemimhanzi senzira, bhuku. 2nd, Intonation, M., 1947, L., 1963 (pamwe chete nechikamu chekutanga); Glinka, M., 1; Enchantress. Opera P. Uye. Tchaikovsky, M., 1947; Nzira dzekusimudzira mimhanzi yeSoviet, mu: Essays paSoviet musical creativity, M.-L., 1947; Opera, ibid.; Symphony, ibid.; Grieg, M., 1948; Kubva mukurukurirano dzangu naGlazunov, Yearbook of the Institute of Art History, Moscow, 1948; Runyerekupe rweGlinka, muunganidzwa: M.

References: Lunacharsky A., Imwe yekuchinja munhoroondo yehunyanzvi, "Bulletin yeCommunist Academy", 1926, bhuku. XV; Bogdanov-Berezovsky V., BV Asafiev. Leningrad, 1937; Zhitomirsky D., Igor Glebov semuzivisi, "SM", 1940, No 12; Shostakovich D., Boris Asafiev, "Literature uye Art", 1943, September 18; Ossovsky A., BV Asafiev, "Mumhanzi weSoviet", Sat. 4, M., 1945; Khubov G., Muimbi, anofunga, mushambadziri, ibid.; Bernandt G., Mukuyeuka Asafiev, "SM", 1949, No 2; Livanova T., BV Asafiev uye Russian Glinkiana, muunganidzwa: MI Glinka, M.-L., 1950; Mukurangarira BV Asafiev, Sat. zvinyorwa, M., 1951; Mazel L., Pamumhanzi-theoretical pfungwa yeAsafiev, "SM", 1957, No 3; Kornienko V., Kuumbwa uye shanduko yeaesthetic maonero eBV Asafiev, "Sainzi-methodical. Zvinyorwa zveNovosibirsk Conservatory, 1958; Orlova E., BV Asafiev. Nzira yemuongorori uye muzivisi, L., 1964; Iranek A., Mamwe matambudziko makuru eMarxist musicology muchiedza cheAsafiev's theory of intonation, muna Sat: Intonation uye mufananidzo wemimhanzi, M., 1965; Fydorov V., VV Asafev et la musicologie russe avant et apris 1917, in: Bericht über den siebenten Internationalen musikwissenschaftlichen Kongress Keln 1958, Kassel, 1959; Jiranek Y., Peispevek k teorii a praxi intonaeni analyzy, Praha, 1965.

Yu.V. Keldysh