Nino Rota |

Nino Rota

Nino Rota: akanyorawo maoperas

Chishanu 10 Kubvumbi inoshevedzwa zuva rekuchema muItaly. Rudzi rwacho rwakachema ndokuviga vanhu vakanga vawirwa nokudengenyeka kwapasi. Asi kunyange pasina njodzi yechisikigo, zuva rino munhoroondo yenyika harina kusuruvara - makore makumi matatu chaiwo apfuura munyori Nino Rota akafa. Kunyangwe munguva yehupenyu hwake, akawana mukurumbira wepasi rose nemimhanzi yake yemafirimu eFellini, Visconti, Zeffirelli, Coppola, Bondarchuk ("Waterloo"). Pasina kupokana, angadai akave nemukurumbira dai akanyora mimhanzi yeimwe chete yemafirimu mazhinji - The Godfather. Vashomanana chete kunze kweItaly vanoziva kuti Nino Rota ndiye munyori wemitambo gumi, mabhora matatu, symphonies uye chamber inoshanda. Kunyange vanhu vashomanana vanoziva rutivi urwu rwebasa rake, iro iye pachake akafunga kuti rinokosha kupfuura mimhanzi yefirimu.

Nino Rota akaberekwa muna 1911 muMilan mumhuri ine tsika dzakadzika dzemimhanzi. Mumwe wasekuru vake, Giovanni Rinaldi, akanga ari muimbi wepiyano uye munyori wenziyo. Pazera remakore 12, Nino akanyora oratorio kune soloists, orchestra uye choir "Childhood of St. John the Baptist". Oratorio yakaitwa muMilan. Muna 1923 imwechete, Nino akapinda muMilan Conservatory, kwaakadzidza nevadzidzisi vakakurumbira venguva iyoyo, Casella naPizzetti. Akanyora opera yake yekutanga Principe Porcaro (The Swineherd King) yakavakirwa pangano yaAndersen pazera ramakore 15. Haina kumborongedzerwa uye yakararama nanhasi mumashizha emimhanzi yepiyano uye inzwi.

Kutamba chaiko kwaRota semunyori wemimhanzi kwakaitika makore gumi nematanhatu gare gare neopera Ariodante mumitambo mitatu, iyo munyori pachake akatsanangura se "kunyudzwa mumimhanzi yezana ramakore rechi 16." Iyo yekutanga yakarongwa muBergamo (Teatro delle Novit), asi nekuda kwehondo (yakanga iri 19) yakaendeswa kuParma - iyi "nzvimbo yekugara yemelodramas", mumashoko emunyori wenhoroondo uye mimhanzi Fedele D'Amico. Vateereri vakakwazisa nechido opera, apo vose munyori uye mutambi weimwe yezvikamu zvikuru vakaita debut yavo - imwe Mario del Monaco. Nguva imwe neimwe pakupera kwekuita, vakarwiswa nemhomho yevanhu vaida kuwana autographs.

Kubudirira kweAriodante pakati pevateereri vanoda veParma vakafuridzira munyori kuti agadzire opera Torquemada muna 1942 anoita muna 4. Zvisinei, mamiriro ehondo akadzivisa kutanga. Zvakaitika makore makumi matatu nemana gare gare, asi hazvina kuunza mibairo mikuru kumuimbi agara ane mukurumbira uye akakurumbira. Mugore rekupedzisira rehondo, Nino Rota akashanda pane rimwe basa guru rekushanda, iro, zvakare, rakamanikidzwa kuisa mudhirowa uye kukanganwa nezvazvo kwenguva yakareba. Zvakawanda pachidimbu ichi pazasi. Saka, yechipiri opera yakaitwa yaive imwe-chiito komedhi "I dui timidi" ("Vaviri Vanonyara"), yakaitirwa redhiyo uye yakatanga kunzwika paredhiyo. Akapihwa mubairo wakakosha Premia Italia - 1950, akazofamba padanho reScala Theatre di Londra achitungamirwa naJohn Pritchard.

Kubudirira kwechokwadi kwakauya kumunyori muna 1955 ne opera "Il capello di paglia di Firenze" yakabva pachirongwa chakakurumbira che "The Straw Hat" naE. Labichet. Yakanyorwa pakupera kwehondo uye yakagara patafura kwemakore akawanda. Mumhanzi uyu wakaratidza mukurumbira mukuru wemunyori semusiki wemaopera ekare. Rota pachake angadai asina kurangarira basa iri dai pasina shamwari yake Maestro Cuccia, uyo munyori akaridza opera papiyano pakarepo mushure mekupedzwa kwebasa muna 1945, uye akariyeuka makore gumi gare gare, atora nzvimbo. wemukuru weiyo theatre Massimo di Palermo. Cuccia akamanikidza munyori we opera kuti awane zvibodzwa, kuzunza guruva uye kugadzirira nhanho. Rota pachake akabvuma kuti akanga asingatarisiri kukunda uko opera yakapfuura mumatanho ehuwandu hwemitambo inotungamira muItaly. Kunyange nanhasi, "Il capello" inoramba, zvichida, yake yakakurumbira opera.

Mukupera kwemakumi mashanu, Rota akanyora mamwe maviri eredhiyo opera. Nezvemumwe wavo - chiitiko chimwe chete "La notte di un nevrastenico" ("Husiku hweNeurotic") - Rota akataura mubvunzurudzo nemutori wenhau: "Ndakadaidza opera mutambo webuffo. Kazhinji, iyi itsika melodrama. Ndichiri kushanda pabasa, ndakapfuurira kubva pakuti mumhanzi melodrama, mimhanzi inofanira kukunda shoko. Hazvisi zve aesthetics. Ndaingoda kuti vatambi vanzwe vakasununguka pachikuva, vakwanise kuratidza kugona kwavo kuimba kwakanyanya pasina dambudziko. Imwe opera yemutambo weredhiyo, iyo-yechiito ngano "Lo scoiattolo in gamba" yakavakirwa pamahara naEduardo de Filippo, haina kucherechedzwa uye haina kuitirwa munhandare. Kune rumwe rutivi, Aladino e lampada magica, yakavakirwa pangano inozivikanwa zvikuru kubva kuChiuru neChiuru chimwe chete, yakabudirira zvikuru. Rota akashanda pairi pakati pe-60s netarisiro yekuumbwa kwedariro. Iyo yekutanga yakaitika muna 1968 muSan Carlo di Napoli, uye makore mashoma gare gare yakaitirwa kuRome Opera naRenato Castellani ine nzvimbo yaRenato Guttuso.

Nino Rota akasika maopera ake maviri ekupedzisira, "La visita meravigliosa" ("Kushanya kunoshamisa") uye "Napoli Milionaria", pazera remakore. Basa rekupedzisira, rakanyorwa richibva pamutambo waE. de Filippo, rakakonzera mhinduro dzinopesana. Vamwe vatsoropodzi vakapindura nekunyomba: "mutambo wechokwadi une mimhanzi inonzwira tsitsi", "zvibodzwa zvisina chokwadi", asi ruzhinji rwakatsamira kumaonero emutsoropodzi ane chiremera, munyori, mudetembi uye muturikiri Giorgio Vigolo: "Uku ndiko kukunda kwave neimba yedu yeopera. Ndanga ndakamirira kwemakore mazhinji kubva kumunyori wemazuva ano ".

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti operatic basa remunyori weItaly richiri chinhu chekukurukurirana uye kukakavara. Pasina kubvunza mupiro wakatanhamara waNino kumumhanzi wemufirimu, vazhinji vanotora nhaka yake yekushanda se "isina kukosha", vanomuzvidza nekuda kwe "kusadzika kwakadzika", "kushaikwa kwemweya wenguva", "kutevedzera" uye kunyangwe "kunyepedzera" kwezvimedu zvemimhanzi. . Kunyatsoongorora opera zvibodzwa nenyanzvi kunoratidza kuti Nino Rota akanyatso kupesvedzerwa nemaitiro, chimiro, uye mumhanzi mutsara wevakamutangira, kunyanya Rossini, Donizetti, Puccini, Offenbach, pamwe neakararama panguva iyoyo uye, maererano neakasiyana. zvinyorwa, shamwari Igor Stravinsky. Asi izvi hazviiti kuti tirege kuona basa rake rekuita seyekutanga, richitora nzvimbo yaro munyika yenhaka yemimhanzi.

Hazvina musoro, mumaonero angu, kunyomba kwe "vulgarity", "opera lightness". Nekubudirira kwakafanana, unogona "kushoropodza" akawanda emabasa aRossini, uchiti, "Italian muAlgiers" ... Rota haana kuvanza chokwadi chekuti, achinamata Rossini, Puccini, mushakabvu Verdi, Gounod naR. Strauss, aida classical operettas. , mimhanzi yeAmerica, yakanakidzwa nemakodhi eItaly. Zvidakadaka zvomunhu oga uye kuravidza, chokwadika, zvakaratidzirwa mumarudzi “akakomba” ebasa rake. Nino Rota aigara achidzokorora kuti kwaari hakuna kukosha, "hierarchical" musiyano pakati pemimhanzi yebhaisikopo uye mimhanzi ye opera nhandare, horo dzekonzati: "Ini ndinofunga kuedza kwekugadzira kupatsanura mimhanzi mu" chiedza "," semi-light "," zvakakomba … Pfungwa yekuti” kureruka” inongowanikwa kumuteereri wemimhanzi chete, uye kwete kumugadziri wayo… Semuimbi, basa rangu remubhaisikopo harindinyadzise zvachose. Mimhanzi mubhaisikopo kana mune mamwe marudzi chinhu chimwe chete kwandiri. "

Maopera ake haawanzo, asi achiri kupota achionekwa munhandare dzeItaly. Handina kukwanisa kuwana zvinyorwa zvezvigadzirwa zvavo panhandare yeRussia. Asi chokwadi chimwe chete chekuzivikanwa kwemuimbi munyika yedu chinotaura zvakawanda: muna Chivabvu 1991, konzati huru yakatsaurirwa kumakore makumi masere ekuzvarwa kwaNino Rota yakaitirwa muColumn Hall yeImba yeMubatanidzwa, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweiyo. orchestra yeBolshoi Theatre uye State Radio neTerevhizheni. Vaverengi vezvizvarwa zvepakati nevechikuru vanoyeuka kuti dambudziko guru rehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika rakanga richipinda munyika panguva iyoyo - mwedzi mitanhatu yakasara isati yaparara. Uye, zvakadaro, nyika yakawana nzira nemikana yekupemberera zuva regore iri.

Hazvigone kutaurwa kuti munyori weItaly akakanganwa muRussia itsva. Muna 2006, mutambo we "Notes by Nino Rota" wakaitirwa paMoscow Theater of the Moon. Urongwa hwacho hwakavakirwa pandangariro dzinoshamisa dzemunhu akura. Zviratidziro zvehupenyu hwapfuura hwegamba zvinochinjana nezvikamu uye motifs zvakafemerwa nemafirimu aFellini. Mune imwe yeongororo yemitambo yemitambo yaApril 2006 tinoverenga kuti: “Mimhanzi yake, inosiyaniswa nemutinhimira usingawanzoitiki, nziyo, kupfuma kwezvakagadzirwa uye kupinda nemanomano muchinangwa chemutungamiriri wefirimu, inorira mumutambo mutsva unobva pakutamba uye pantomime.” Tinogona chete kutarisira kuti nezana remakore remunyori (2011), vatenzi vedu ve opera vachayeuka kuti Nino Rota akashanda kwete chete kune cinema, uye, Mwari ngaasadaro, vachatiratidza chimwe chinhu kubva munhaka yake yekushanda.

Zvishandiso zvemawebhusaiti tesionline.it, abbazialascala.it, federazionecemat.it, tetro.org, listserv.bccls.org neRunet zvakashandiswa pachinyorwa.