Tablature |
kubva lat. tabula - bhodhi, tafura; ital. intavolatura, French tablature, germ. Tabatur
1) Yechinyakare alfabheti kana nhamba notation system ye solo instr. mimhanzi yakashandiswa muzana remakore rechi14-18. T. yaishandiswa pakurekodha nziyo dzeogani, harpsichord (fp.), lute, rudimbwa, viola da gamba, viola da braccio, nezvimwe zviridzwa.
ChiFrench lute tablature.
Paiva nemhando dzakasiyana dzeT.: Italian, Spanish, French, German. Mitemo nemhando dzengoma dzaienderana nehunyanzvi hwekuridza zviridzwa; somuenzaniso, zviratidzo zvelute timbre zvakasarudzwa kwete nemanzwi pachazvo, asi nemafrets, pedyo nekwaitsikirirwa tambo pakubudisa ruzha rwaidiwa; zvino. pazviridzwa zvakasiyana muchimiro, zviratidzo izvi zvairatidza decomp. inzwi.
Old German organ tablature
ChiGermany lute tablature
Zvakawanda kana zvishoma kune vose T. kwaiva kudoma mutinhimira nenzira yezviratidzo zvakaiswa pamusoro pemavara kana nhamba: doti – brevis, mutsara wakatwasuka – semibrevis, mutsetse une muswe () – minima, mutsetse une kaviri. muswe () – semiminima, ine muswe katatu () – fusa, ine quadruple muswe () – semifusa. Iwo masaini ari pamusoro pemutsara wakachinjika airatidza kumbomira. Pakutevera manzwi mapfupi akati wandei enguva imwe chete muzana ramakore rechi 16. yakatanga kushandiswa pachinzvimbo che otd. zviratidzo zvine ponytails mutsara wakajairika wakatwasuka - kuruka, iyo prototype yemazuva ano. "mbabvu".
Hunhu hwengoma yeogani hwaiva manyorerwo enzwi. Dzimwe nguva, kuwedzera kune mavara, mitsara yakatwasuka yakashandiswa, inoenderana nemamwe mazwi epolygoal. machira. Mune yekare. nhengo T., yakashandiswa ingangoita kubva ku1st quarter. 14 c. (ona Robertsbridge Codex, iri muLondon muBritish Museum) pakutanga. Muzana remakore rechi16, zita retsamba raienderana nemanzwi epasi, uye zvinonyorwa zvevarume zvaienderana nemanzwi epamusoro. K ser. 15th c. inosanganisira tabhurari yakanyorwa nemaoko naA. Yleborg (1448) naK. Pauman (1452), misimboti yacho inotsanangurwa zvakadzama muBuxheimer Orgelbuch (c. 1460). Yekutanga kudhindwa T. yakaonekwa pakutanga. Zana remakore rechi16 Muna 1571, munyori we<em>Leipzig N. Ammerbach akabudisa chiGerman chitsva. nhengo T., yakashandiswa kutenderera 1550-1700; manzwi mairi airatidzwa nemabhii, uye zviratidzo zvemutinhimira zvaiiswa pamusoro pemabhii. Kupfava kwemharidzo kwakaita kuti zvive nyore kuverenga T. Rudzi rwekutanga chiSpanish. nhengo T. yakatangwa nenyanzvi X. Bermudo; akaisa manzwi kubva kuC kusvika ku2 pamitsetse inoenderana neotd. mavhoti, uye naizvozvo akavamaka nenhamba. Mune gare gare nhengo yeSpanish T. makiyi machena (kubva f kusvika e1) akasarudzwa nenhamba (kubva pa1 kusvika ku7), mune mamwe maoctave mamwe akashandiswa. zviratidzo. MuItaly, France neEngland muzana remakore rechi17. pakucherekedza mimhanzi yezviridzwa zveibhodhi, T., iyo yaisanganisira mitsara miviri, yemaoko ekurudyi nekuruboshwe, yakashandiswa. MuchiItaly. uye Spanish. lute T. tambo nhanhatu dzaienderana nemitsara mitanhatu, iyo frets yairatidzwa nenhamba. Kuratidza rhythm neSpanish. T. akashandisa zviratidzo zve mensural notation, akamira pamusoro pemitsetse, muchiItalian. T. - chete madzinde uye miswe kwavari, yakaenzana nenhamba yetsamba. durations. Tambo dzepamusoro mune idzi T. dzakaenderana nevatongi vepasi, uye zvakasiyana. Mitsindo inotevedzana patambo yakapiwa yairatidzwa nenhamba: 0 (tambo yakazaruka), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, X, . Kusiyana neakatsanangurwa T., mufr. lute T. dzakashandiswa preim. mitsetse mishanu (tambo dzepamusoro dzaienderana nemitsara yepamusoro); yechitanhatu, mutsara wekuwedzera, mumamiriro ekushandiswa kwayo, wakaiswa pasi pegadziriro. Mitsindo yakange yakanyorwa. mavara: A (tambo yakazaruka), a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, 1.
ChiGerman rwiyo t. inofungidzirwa kuti imhuka yekare kupfuura idzo dzataurwa pamusoro apa; yakanga yakagadzirirwa tambo ye5-tambo (gare gare T. - ye-6-string lute).
Mutambo wemutambo weItaly lute
Spanish lute tablature
Uyu T. akanga asina mitsara, chinyorwa chose chaiva nemavara, nhamba, pamwe chete nemadzinde ane miswe yairatidza rhythm.
Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakasara uye makopi akadhindwa emabasa akanyorwa neogani uye lute t., zvinotevera zvinozivikanwa. nhengo T.: A. Schlick, “Tabulaturen etlicher Lobgesang”, Mainz, 1512; mabhuku etabhera akanyorwa nemaoko naH. Kotter (University Library muBasel), bhuku retabhera rakanyorwa nemaoko raI. Buchner (University Library muBasel neCentral Library muZurich) nezvimwe zvinyorwa muGerman itsva. mimhanzi yenhengo yakaitwa naV. Schmidt dem Dlteren (1577), I. Paix (1583), V. Schmidt dem Jüngeren (1607), J. Woltz (1607), nevamwe. b-ka), V. Galilee (Florence, National library), B. Amerbach (Basel, library library) nevamwe. 1523; Francesco da Milano, “Intavolatura di liuto” (1536, 1546, 1547); H. Gerle, “Musica Teusch” (Nürnberg, 1532); "Ein newes sehr künstlich Lautenbuch" (Nürnberg, 1552) nevamwe.
2) Mitemo ine chekuita nechimiro uye zvirimo zvemumhanzi uye nhetembo. suit-va Meistersinger uye achikunda kusvika kumagumo. 15th century; mitemo iyi yakabatanidzwa naAdam Pushman (c. 1600). Mitemo yemitemo yaakagadzira yainzi T. Kuimba kwevatenzi vakanga vakanyanyisa monophonic uye vaisabvumira instr. vaperekedzi. Mimwe misimboti yaT. Meistersingers yakabudiswa naR. Wagner muzvidimbu zveoperation The Nuremberg Meistersingers, ine chekuita nezvekuita kwavo. mhosva. Ona Mensural notation, Organ, Lute, Meistersinger.
Izwi rokuti "T." raishandiswawo mune zvimwe zvirevo: semuenzaniso, S. Scheidt akaburitsa Tabulatura nova – Sat. prod. uye maekisesaizi enhengo; NP Diletsky akaishandisa mupfungwa yebhuku rekunyorera.
References: Wolf J., Handbuch der Notationskunde, Tl 1-2, Lpz., 1913-19; его же, Die Tonschriften, Breslau, 1924; Schrade L., Zviyeuchidzo zvekare zvemimhanzi yeogani…, Münster, 1928; Ape1 W., The notation of polyphonic music, Cambridge, 1942, 1961; Moe LH, Mumhanzi weDance mune akadhindwa Italian lute tablatures kubva 1507 kusvika 1611, Harvard, 1956 (Diss.); Voettisher W., Les oeuvres de Roland de Lassus mises en tablature de luth, в кн.: Le luth et sa musique, P., 1958; Dorfmь1ler K., La tablature de luth allemande…, там же; Zcbe1ey HR, Die Musik des Buxheimer Orgelbuches, Tutzing, 1964.
VA Vakhromeev
