Nhoroondo yembira

Harp - chiridzwa chekare chine tambo. Iine chimiro chetriangular muchimiro cheuta chine tambo dzakatambanudzwa, iyo, kana ichiridzwa, inobudisa mutinhimira unopindirana. Maererano nengano, rudimbwa rwakatanga kuonekwa neuta hwokuvhima. Munhu wekare paakadhonza tambo yeuta, yaiita ruzha rwakasiyana; achikweva imwe tambo youta, munhu aigona kutoridza karwiyo. Mifananidzo yekutanga yembira yakaita seuta yakawanikwa muchimiro chemifananidzo yemapako eEgypt yekare, kubvira 2800-2300 BC. mumakuva avafarao. Rudimbwa rwakadaro, rwakaitwa makore anoda kusvika zviuru zvina zvapfuura, rwakawanwa mukuchera kweguta rekare rokuMesopotamia reUri. Chiridzwa ichi chaizivikanwa nevaGiriki, vaRoma, Georgians, Azerbaijani uye dzimwe nyika.Mudimbwa, hanzvadzi yorudimbwa, wakazivikanwa muGirisi. Mumifananidzo nemifananidzo yenguva idzodzo, unogona kuona kuti mbira, panguva yenhoroondo yeMediterranean, yaidiwa nevadetembi vakawanda nevaimbi. Lyres - shamwari dzeanenge marudzi ese epasi, aive madiki uye akareruka.

MuEurope, mbira dzakaonekwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, asi dzakanyanya kuwanda mumazana emakore echiXNUMX. Udimbwa hwekare hwaive arc kana angular, hwakasiyana muhukuru. Zvidimbwa zviduku zvinobatwa nemaoko, zvaidiwa nevaCelt, zvainyanya kufarirwa. Maoctave mashanu - akadaro aive ruzha rwechiridzwa, tambo dzakarongwa kuitira kuti chete manzwi echiyero che diatonic abudiswe.

Muna 1660, muchina wemuchina wemichina inochinjika wakagadzirwa muAustria, izvo zvakaita kuti zvibvire kuchinja matauriro eruzha nokudhonza kana kudzikisa tambo. Iye zvino, kupfupisa tambo, zvakanga zvisingakoshi kushandisa zvigunwe, pakanga pane zvikorekedzo pedyo nemumwe wavo, izvo zvakabatsira kuwedzera inzwi. Ichokwadi, nzira yakadaro yakanga isiri nyore, uye muna 1720 tenzi weGermany Jacob Hochbrucker akagadzira nzira yekuridza mbira. Mapedhi manomwe, gare gare akawedzera kusvika ku14, akashanda pamakondukita, achibvumira zvikorekedzo kuti zvive pedyo netambo uye kuwedzera inzwi remabhandi.

Gare gare muna 1810, muFrench luthier Sebastian Herard akavandudza kufamba kweHochbrucker uye akapa mvumo yembira inopetwa kaviri, iyo ichiri kushandiswa nhasi. Mechanichani, yakagadziridzwa neErar, yakapa chikero chakaenzana neanenge manomwe octaves. G. Lyon muParis muna 1897 akagadzira rudimbwa rwusingatsika. Yakanga ine tambo dzemuchinjikwa, nhamba yacho yakapetwa kaviri nekuda kwekubviswa kwepedals. Rudzi rwechipiri rwetambo rwakapa ruzha rutsva. Nekuda kweizvi, chishandiso chakawana mukurumbira, asi nekukurumidza chakatanga kushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma.

Kwekutanga kutaurwa kwembira muRussia kwakaonekwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Institute for Noble Maidens muSt. Petersburg yakava muvambi wokuridza chiridzwa ichi. The Institute, yakatangwa naCatherine II, yakaunza vaimbi vakawanda vakakurumbira vechikadzi venguva iyoyo. Nguva yakawanda yakatsaurirwa kudzidza kuridza chiridzwa, vaimbi vakanakisisa veEurope vakakokwa.

Muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, rudimbwa runoita basa rinokosha mumhanzi wemutambo mumwe chete kana weboka. Hazvisi nyore nhasi kuwana munyori aisazoishandisa mubasa rake.