Artur Rodzinsky |
Artur Rodziński
Artur Rodzinsky ainzi kondakita-mudzvanyiriri. Pachikuva, zvinhu zvose zvakateerera chido chake chisingachinji, uye muzvinhu zvose zvekusika akanga asingagoneki. Panguva imwecheteyo, Rodzinsky aionekwa semumwe wevanyanzvi vakangwara vekushanda neochestra, uyo aiziva nzira yekuzivisa chinangwa chake kune vaimbi. Zvakwana kutaura kuti Toscanini muna 1937 paakagadzira orchestra yake yakazozivikanwa yeNational Radio Corporation (NBC), akakoka Rodzinsky kuti aite basa rekugadzirira, uye munguva pfupi akakwanisa kushandura vaimbi makumi masere kuti vave boka rakanaka.
Unyanzvi hwakadaro hwakauya kuna Rodzinsky kure nekukurumidza. Paakatanga kuLviv Opera Theatre muna 1918, vaimbi vakaseka mirairo yake inonyadzisa, iyo yakapupurira kusakwanisa kwakakwana kwemutungamiri wechidiki. Zvechokwadi, panguva iyoyo Rodzinsky akanga asina ruzivo. Akadzidza muVienna, kutanga semupiyano naE. Sauer, uyezve mukirasi yekuitisa yeAcademy of Music naF. Schalk, paaidzidza mutemo payunivhesiti. Aya makirasi akavhiringidzwa munguva yehondo: Rodzinsky akanga ari mberi uye akadzokera kuVienna mushure mekukuvadzwa. Akakokwa kuLvov neaimbova mutungamiriri weopera, S. Nevyadomsky. Kunyange zvazvo kutanga kusina kubudirira, muitisi wechidiki akakurumidza kuwana unyanzvi hunodiwa uye mumwedzi mishomanana akawana mukurumbira nemitambo yake yeCarmen, Ernani uye Ruzhitsky's opera Eros uye Psyche.
Muna 1921-1925, Rodzinsky akashanda muWarsaw, achiita mitambo yeOpera uye symphony concerts. Pano, panguva yemutambo weThe Meistersingers, L. Stokowski akakwevera ngwariro kwaari uye akakoka nyanzvi inokwanisa kuPhiladelphia semubatsiri wake. Rodzinsky aiva mubatsiri Stokovsky kwemakore matatu uye akadzidza zvakawanda panguva ino. Akawanawo hunyanzvi hunoshanda nekupa makonzati akazvimirira mumaguta akasiyana-siyana eUS uye kutungamira orchestra yevadzidzi yakarongwa naStokowski kuCurtis Institute. Zvose izvi zvakabatsira Rodzinsky kuti ave mutungamiriri mukuru weimba yeimba muLos Angeles muna 1929, uye muna 1933 muCleveland, kwaakashanda kwemakore gumi.
Aya ndiwo aive mazuva etarenda raconductor. Akavandudza zvakanyanya kuumbwa kweiyo orchestra uye akaisimudza kusvika padanho repamusoro symphony ensembles munyika. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwake, zvose zvinyorwa zvekare zvekare uye mimhanzi yemazuva ano yairidzwa pano gore negore. Kunyanya kukosha kwaiva "kuverenga orchestral yemabasa emazuva ano" yakarongwa naRodzinsky pakudzidzira pamberi pevaimbi vane chiremera nevatsoropodzi. Dzakanakisa dzenziyo idzi dzakabatanidzwa mune yake yazvino repertoire. Pano, muCleveland, nekubatanidzwa kwevanoimba solo vakanakisisa, akaita nhamba yezvinyorwa zvakakosha zvema operas naWagner naR. Strauss, pamwe chete naShostakovich's Lady Macbeth weMtsensk District.
Munguva iyi, Rodzinsky airidza neakanakisa eAmerican neEuropean orchestras, akatenderera kakawanda muVienna, Warsaw, Prague, London, Paris (kwaakaita makonti emimhanzi yePoland paWorld Exhibition), iyo Salzburg Festival. Achitsanangura kubudirira kwomuitisi, mutsoropodzi weAmerica D. Yuen akanyora kuti: “Rodzinsky aiva nounhu hwakawanda hwomuitisi akachenjera: kutendeseka uye kubishaira, mano anoshamisa okupinza pfungwa huru dzemabasa enziyo, simba guru uye simba rokudzivisa, mano oudzvinyiriri okuva pasi. orchestra kuita kuda kwake. Asi, zvichida, chakanakira chake chikuru chaiva simba rake sangano uye anoshamisa orchestra unyanzvi. Ruzivo rwakajeka rwekugona kweiyo orchestra yakanyatso kuratidzwa mukududzirwa kwaRodzinsky kwemabasa eRavel, Debussy, Scriabin, yekutanga Stravinsky nemavara avo akajeka uye akajeka orchestra ruvara, yakaoma rhythms uye harmonic zvivakwa. Pakati pezvakanakisa zvakabudirira zvemuimbi zvakare kududzirwa kwe symphonies naTchaikovsky, Berlioz, Sibelius, anoshanda naWagner, R. Strauss naRimsky-Korsakov, pamwe nenhamba yevanyori vemazuva ano, kunyanya Shostakovich, ane propagandist yekusika aive mutungamiriri. . Zvishoma zvakabudirira Rodzinsky classical Viennese symphonies.
Mukutanga kwemakumi mana, Rodzinsky akatora imwe yenzvimbo dzinotungamira muUS conductor's elite. Kwemakore akati wandei - kubva 1942 kusvika 1947 - akatungamira New York Philharmonic Orchestra, uyezve Chicago Symphony Orchestra (kusvika 1948). Mumakore gumi ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, akashanda semutyairi wevashanyi, aigara zvakanyanya muItaly.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
