Christoph Eschenbach |

Christopher Eschenbach

Artistic Director uye Principal Conductor weWashington National Symphony Orchestra neKennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Christoph Eschenbach mushandirapamwe zvachose nemaokestra ane mukurumbira pasi rose nedzimba dzeopera. Mudzidzi waGeorge Sell naHerbert von Karajan, Eschenbach akatungamira makwikwi akadai seOrchester de Paris (2000-2010), iyo Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra (2003-2008), iyo North German Radio Symphony Orchestra (1994-2004), iyo Houston Symphony. Orchestra (1988) -1999), Tonhalle Orchestra; aive director director wemitambo yemimhanzi muRavinia neSchleswig-Holstein.

Mwaka wa2016/17 mwaka wemaestro uye wekupedzisira mwaka weNSO neKennedy Center. Munguva iyi, orchestra iri pasi peutungamiri hwake yakaita nzendo huru nhatu, dzakabudirira zvikuru: muna 2012 - muSouth neNorth America; muna 2013 - muEurope neOman; muna 2016 - zvakare muEurope. Mukuwedzera, Christoph Eschenbach uye orchestra vanogara vachiimba paCarnegie Hall. Zviitiko zvemwaka uno zvinosanganisira kutanga kweU.Marsalis Violin Concerto paUS East Coast, basa rakapihwa neNSO, pamwe nekonzati yekupedzisira yechirongwa cheExploring Mahler.

Christoph Eschenbach ari kubatanidzwa pari zvino anosanganisira kugadzirwa kutsva kweOpera yaB. Britten The Turn of the Screw paMilan's La Scala, achitamba semufambisi wevaenzi neOrchester de Paris, National Orchestra yekuSpain, Seoul neLondon Philharmonic Orchestras, Philharmonic Orchestra. yeRadio Netherlands, National Orchestra yeFrance, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra yeStockholm.

Kristof Eschenbach ane yakakura discography semupiyano uye conductor, achibatana neakawanda emakambani anozivikanwa ekurekodha. Pakati pezvakarekodhwa neNSO ndiyo album "Kurangarira John F. Kennedy" naOndine. Pazita rimwe chetero, marekodhi akaitwa nePhiladelphia Orchestra uye Orchester de Paris; neyokupedzisira album yakabudiswawo paDeutsche Grammophon; Kondakita akarekodha neLondon Philharmonic paEMI/LPO Live, neLondon Symphony paDG/BM, iyo Vienna Philharmonic paDecca, iyo North German Radio Symphony uye iyo Houston Symphony paKoch.

Mazhinji emabasa e maestro mumunda wekurekodhwa kwenzwi akagamuchira mibairo yakawanda, kusanganisira Grammy muna 2014; mazita e "Disc reMwedzi" maererano nemagazini yeBBC, "Sarudzo yeMupepeti" maererano nemagazini yeGramophon, uyewo mubairo kubva kuGermany Association of Music Critics. Dhisiki renziyo naKaia Saariaho ane Orchestra de Paris uye soprano Karita Mattila muna 2009 akahwina mubairo wenyanzvi yevatongi veEuropean music fair fair MIDEM (Marché International du Disque et de l'Edition Musicale). Mukuwedzera, Christoph Eschenbach akarekodha kutenderera kwakazara kweH. Mahler's symphonies neOrchestra de Paris, iyo inowanikwa pachena pawebsite yemuimbi.

Kukodzera kwaChristoph Eschenbach kunoratidzwa nemibairo ine mukurumbira uye mazita munyika zhinji dzepasi. Maestro – Chevalier weOrder of the Legion of Honor, Commander of the Order of Arts and Fine Letters of France, the Grand Officer’s Cross of the Order of Merit for the Federal Republic of Germany and the National Order of the Federal Republic of Germany; akahwina mubairo weL. Bernstein wakapihwa nePacific Music Festival, ane mutungamiriri wehunyanzvi K. Eschenbach aive kuma90s. Muna 2015 akapiwa Ernst von Siemens Prize, iyo inonzi "Nobel Prize" mundima yemimhanzi.

Maestro anopa nguva yakawanda pakudzidzisa; anogara achipa master makirasi kuManhattan Chikoro cheMimhanzi, iyo Kronberg Academy uye paSchleswig-Holstein Mutambo, kazhinji inodyidzana nevechidiki orchestra yemutambo. Mukudzidzira neNSO muWashington, Eschenbach inobvumira vamwe vadzidzi kuti vatore chikamu mukudzidzira zvakaenzana nevaimbi veorchestra.

Mukati memakore ekutanga mushure mehondo muWest Germany, pakanga paine kusarira kwakajeka muunyanzvi hwepiyano. Nezvikonzero zvakawanda (nhaka yekare, zvikanganiso zvedzidzo yemimhanzi, uye zvakangoitika), vatambi vepiyano vekuGerman havana kumbobvira vatora nzvimbo dzakakwirira mumakwikwi epasirese, havana kupinda muchikamu chikuru chekonzati. Ndicho chikonzero kubva panguva iyo yakazozivikanwa pamusoro pechitarisiko chemukomana ane chipo chakajeka, maziso evanoda mimhanzi akamhanyira kwaari netariro. Uye, sezvazvakazoitika, kwete pasina.

Conductor Eugen Jochum akamuwana pazera re10, mushure mekunge mukomana anga achidzidza kwemakore mashanu achitungamirwa naamai vake, piano uye muimbi Vallidor Eschenbach. Jochum akamuendesa kumudzidzisi weHamburg Elise Hansen. Kuwedzera kwaEschenbach kwaikurumidza, asi, nerufaro, izvi hazvina kukanganisa kukura kwake kwakarongeka kwekugadzira uye hazvina kumuita mwana mudiki. Pazera re11, akava wekutanga mumakwikwi evaimbi vechidiki akarongwa nekambani yeStenway muHamburg; pazera re13, akaita pamusoro pechirongwa paMunich International Competition uye akapihwa mubairo unokosha; pamakore gumi nemapfumbamwe akagamuchira mumwe mubairo - pamakwikwi evadzidzi vemimhanzi yemayunivhesiti muGermany. Nguva yose iyi, Eschenbach akapfuurira kudzidza - kutanga muHamburg, ipapo paCologne Higher School of Music na X. Schmidt, zvakare muHamburg naE. Hansen, asi kwete pachivande, asi paChikoro Chepamusoro cheMumhanzi (19-1959) )

Kutanga kwebasa rake reunyanzvi kwakaunza Eschenbach mibairo miviri yakakwira iyo yakatsiva moyo murefu wevaaigara navo - mubairo wechipiri muMunich International Competition (1962) uye Clara Haskil Prize - mubairo chete weakakunda mumakwikwi akatumidzwa zita rake. Lucerne (1965).

Iro rakanga riri guta guru rekutanga remuimbi - zvinoshamisa. Vateereri vakapa mutero kumimhanzi yake, kuzvipira kune art, tekinoroji yakakwana yemutambo. Madhisiki maviri ekutanga aEschenbach – nziyo dzaMozart uye “Trout Quintet” yaSchubert (ine “Kekkert Quartet”) yakagamuchirwa zvakanaka nevatsoropodzi. “Avo vanoteerera kuridza kwake kwaMozart,” tinorava mumagazini ye“Music,” nenzira isingadzivisiki vanowana murangariro wokuti hunhu hunooneka pano, zvichida hunodanwa kubva muurefu hwenguva yedu kuti vawanezve mabasa epiyano atenzi mukuru. Hatisati taziva kuti nzira yake yaakasarudzwa ichamusvitsa kupi - kuBach, Beethoven kana Brahms, kuSchumann, Ravel kana Bartok. Asi chokwadi chinoramba chiripo chekuti haangoratidzi kugashira kunoshamisa kwemweya (kunyangwe zviri izvi, pamwe, izvo zvichamupa gare gare mukana wekubatanidza polar zvinopesana), asiwo ane shungu yemweya.

Tarenda remupiyano wechidiki akakurumidza kukura uye akaumbwa kare kare: munhu anogona kukakavara, achitaura nezvemaonero evanyanzvi vane chiremera, kuti atova makore gumi nehafu apfuura chitarisiko chake chakanga chisina kunyanya kusiyana kubva nhasi. Ndizvo zvakasiyana-siyana zve repertoire. Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvikamu zvose zvepiyano zvinyorwa pamusoro pazvo "Muzika" zvinokweverwa mukutenderera kwetariro yemuridzi wepiyano. Sonatas naBeethoven, Schubert, Liszt vari kuwedzera kunzwika mumakonzati ake. Kurekodhwa kwemitambo yaBartók, piano yaSchumann inoshanda, Schumann's naBrahms' quintets, Beethoven's concertos uye sonatas, Haydn's sonatas, uye pakupedzisira, kuunganidzwa kwakazara kweMozart's sonatas pamarekodhi manomwe, pamwe neakawanda epiyano duets aMozart, akarekodhwa uye Schubert. naye nomuridzi wepiyano, anosunungurwa mumwe pashure pomumwe. Justus Franz. Mumitambo yemakonzati uye zvakarekodhwa, muimbi anogara achiratidza mimhanzi yake uye kukura kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana. Vachiongorora dudziro yake yeHammerklavier sonata yaBeethoven yakaoma zvikuru (Op. 106), vaongorori vanonyanya kuona kurambwa kwechinhu chiri chose chokunze, chetsika dzinogamuchirwa mu tempo, ritardando nedzimwe nzira, “zvisiri mumanotsi uye izvo vanoridza piyano vamene vanowanzoshandisa kuti vave nechokwadi. kubudirira kwavo paruzhinji.” Mutsoropodzi X. Krelman anosimbisa, achitaura nezvedudziro yake yaMozart, kuti “Eschenbach inotamba yakavakirwa pahwaro hwakasimba hwomudzimu hwaakasika nokuda kwake uye iyo yakava hwaro hwebasa rakakomba neromutoro nokuda kwake.

Pamwe chete nevekare, muimbi anokwezvwawo nemimhanzi yemazuva ano, uye vaimbi vemazuva ano vanokwezvwa netarenda rake. Vamwe vavo imhizha dzine mukurumbira dzeWest Germany G. Bialas naH.-W. Henze, akatsaurira piyano concerto kuna Eschenbach, mutambi wekutanga waakava.

Kunyange zvazvo chiitiko chekonzati chaEschenbach, uyo akasimba pachake, haana kusimba sevamwe vevamwe vake, akatoita munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope neAmerica, kusanganisira USA. Muna 1968, muimbi akatora chikamu kekutanga mumutambo wePrague Spring. Mutsoropodzi weSoviet V. Timokhin, akamuteerera, anopa chimiro chinotevera chaEschenbach: “Chokwadi, muimbi ane chipo, akapiwa fungidziro yakapfuma yokusika, anokwanisa kugadzira nyika yake yemimhanzi uye kurarama upenyu hwakaoma uye hwakanyanya. hupenyu mudenderedzwa remifananidzo yake. Zvakangodaro, zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti Eschenbach akanyanya kuridza piano yemukamuri. Anosiya fungidziro huru mumabasa anofambiswa nefungidziro yerwiyo uye runako rwenhetembo. Asi kugona kunoshamisa kweanoridza piyano kugadzira nyika yake yemimhanzi kunoita kuti isu, kana zvisiri mune zvese, tibvumirane naye, uye nekufarira kusingaite, tevera maitiro aanoita pfungwa dzake dzepakutanga, maitiro aanoumba pfungwa dzake. Ichi, mumaonero angu, ndicho chikonzero chekubudirira kukuru uko Eschenbach anofarira nevateereri vake.

Sezvatinogona kuona, mumashoko ari pamusoro apa hapana chinotaurwa pamusoro pemaitiro eEschenbach, uye kana vakataura maitiro ega ega, zvinongoenderana chete nemabatiro avanoita pakuratidzwa kwemafungiro ake. Izvi hazvirevi kuti unyanzvi ndiyo rutivi rusina simba rwenyanzvi, asi inofanira kuonekwa serumbidzo yepamusoro yeunyanzvi hwake. Zvisinei, unyanzvi huchiri kure nekukwana. Chinhu chikuru chaachiri kushaikwa chiyero chepfungwa, kusimba kwechiitiko, saka hunhu hwevakuru vepiyano veGerman vekare. Uye kana vakawanda vakafanotaura kuti Eschenbach semutsivi weBackhaus neKempf, zvino kufanotaura kwakadaro kunogona kunzwika zvishoma kakawanda. Asi yeuka kuti vese vari vaviri vakawanawo nguva dzekumira, vakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya uye vakava maestro chaiwo pazera rinoremekedzwa.

Paive, zvisinei, chimwe chiitiko chaigona kudzivirira Eschenbach kubva pakukwira kune imwe nhanho mukuridza piyano yake. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoda kuitisa, izvo iye, maererano naye, akarota kubva paudiki. Akaita debut yake sekondakita paakanga achiri kudzidza muHamburg: akazotungamira kugadzirwa kwemudzidzi kweHindemith's opera Tinovaka Guta. Mushure memakore gumi, muimbi kekutanga akamira kuseri kwekoni yenyanzvi yeorchestra uye akaitisa mutambo weBruckner's Third Symphony. Kubva ipapo, chikamu chekuitisa mitambo muchirongwa chake chakabatikana chakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye chakasvika pa10 muzana nekutanga kwema80s. Iye zvino Eschenbach haawanzo kuridza piyano, asi akaramba achizivikanwa nekuda kwekududzira kwake mimhanzi yaMozart naSchubert, pamwe chete nemitambo miviri naZimon Barto.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990