Arrigo Boito (Arrigo Boito) |

Arrigo Boito

Boito anozivikanwa zvakanyanya semusununguko - munyori-mubatanidzwa weVerdi's azvino operas, uye kechipiri chete semunyori. Asingave mutsivi waVerdi kana mutevedzeri waWagner, ainyanya kukosheswa naye, Boito haana kujoina verismo yaibuda muItari pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX nekufarira kwayo hupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye chimiro chidiki. Pasinei nehurefu hwenzira yake yekusika, haana kungoramba ari munhoroondo yemimhanzi semunyori we opera chete, asi zvechokwadi, kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake, haana kumbopedza wechipiri.

Arrigo Boito akaberekwa munaFebruary 24, 1842 muPadua, mumhuri yeminiaturist, asi akarererwa naamai vake, muverengi wechiPolish, akanga asiya murume wake panguva iyoyo. Aine chido chepakutanga mumimhanzi, akapinda muMilan Conservatory pazera remakore gumi nerimwe, kwaakadzidza kwemakore masere mukirasi yekunyora yaAlberto Mazukato. Nechekare mumakore aya, tarenda yake kaviri yakazviratidza: mu cantata uye zvakavanzika zvakanyorwa naBoito, zvakanyorwa paConservatory, aive nezvinyorwa uye hafu yemimhanzi. Akave anofarira mimhanzi yeGermany, isingawanzowaniki muItaly: kutanga Beethoven, gare gare Wagner, achiva mudziviriri wake uye propagandist. Boito akapedza kudzidza kuConservatory nemenduru uye mubairo wemari, waakashandisa mukufamba. Akashanyira France, Germany uye kumusha kwaamai vake Poland. MuParis, musangano wekutanga, uchiri kukurumidza, wekugadzira naVerdi wakaitika: Boito akazova munyori wezvinyorwa zveNational Anthem yake, yakagadzirirwa kuratidzwa muLondon. Kudzokera kuMilan pakupera kwa1862, Boito akapinda mubasa rekunyora. Muhafu yekutanga ye1860s, nhetembo dzake, zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi uye yemitambo, uye gare gare zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa. Anova pedyo nevanyori vechidiki vanozviti "Disheveled". Basa ravo rakazadzwa nekusuwa, manzwiro ekuputsika, kusava nematuro, pfungwa dzekuparadza, kukunda kwehutsinye nehuipi, izvo zvakabva zvaratidzwa mumitambo miviri yaBoito. Maonero aya enyika haana kumutadzisa muna 1866 kupinda mushandirapamwe weGaribaldi, uyo akarwira kusunungurwa uye kubatana kweItaly, kunyange zvazvo asina kutora chikamu muhondo.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha muupenyu hweBoito ndeye 1868, apo iyo yekutanga ye opera yake Mephistopheles yakaitika paLa Scala theatre muMilan. Boito akaita panguva imwe chete semunyori, librettist uye conductor - uye akatambura kutadza kukuru. Aodzwa mwoyo nezvakanga zvaitika, akazvipira kuzvisunungura: akanyora bhuku rekusununguka reGioconda rePonchielli, rakazova opera yakanakisisa yemunyori, rakashandurirwa muItaly Gluck's Armida, Weber's The Free Gunner, Glinka's Ruslan naLyudmila. Anonyanya kushanda nesimba kuna Wagner: anoshandura Rienzi naTristan und Isolde, nziyo kumashoko aMatilda Wesendonck, uye maererano nekutanga kweLohengrin muBologna (1871) anonyora tsamba yakavhurika kumushanduri weGerman. Nekudaro, kuda kwaWagner uye kurambwa kweyemazuva ano opera yeItaly seyechinyakare uye yenguva dzose inotsiviwa nekunzwisisa kwechokwadi chirevo cheVerdi, chinoshanduka kuita kushandira pamwe kwekugadzira uye hushamwari hwakagara kusvika pakupera kwehupenyu hwemukurumbira maestro (1901) ) Izvi zvakafambiswa nemuparidzi ane mukurumbira weMilanese Ricordi, uyo akapa Verdi Boito semunyori wemahara. Pakurudziro yaRicordi, mukutanga kwa1870, Boito akapedza rusununguko rweNero rweVerdi. Akabatikana naAida, munyori akazviramba, uye kubva muna 1879 Boito pachake akatanga kushanda paNero, asi haana kurega kushanda naVerdi: mukutanga kwema1880 akadzokorora zvakare libretto yaSimon Boccanegra, ndokubva agadzira mabhii maviri kubva paShakespeare - Iago " , iyo Verdi akanyora opera yake yakanakisisa Othello, uye Falstaff. Yakanga iri Verdi uyo akakurudzira Boito muna May 1891 kuti atore zvakare Nero, iyo yakanga yamiswa kwenguva refu. Makore gumi gare gare, Boito akabudisa libretto yake, iyo yaiva chiitiko chikuru muhupenyu hwekunyora hweItaly. Muna 10, Boito akawana kubudirira kwekukunda semunyori: mutsva weMephistopheles neChaliapin mubasa remusoro, rakaitwa naToscanini, rakaitika kuLa Scala, mushure mokunge opera yakatenderera pasi rose. Munyori akashanda "Nero" kusvika pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake, muna 1901 akatora Act V, akapa basa guru kuna Caruso, uyo akaimba Faust mumutambo wekupedzisira weMilan we "Mephistopheles", asi haana kumbopedza opera.

Boito akafa musi waChikumi 10, 1918 muMilan.

A. Koenigsberg