Violin inoshanda sei? Iine tambo ngani? Uye zvimwe zvinonakidza chokwadi nezve violin ...

Zvechokwadi, munhu wose anoziva violin. Iyo yakanyanya kucheneswa uye yakaoma pakati pezviridzwa zvetambo, violin inzira yekuendesa manzwiro emuiti ane hunyanzvi kumuteereri. Nepo dzimwe nguva akasuwa, asingadzoreki uye asina hutsinye, anoramba akapfava uye asina njodzi, akanaka uye ane hunhu.

Takakugadzirira iwe zvimwe zvinonakidza chokwadi nezve iyi yemashiripiti mimhanzi chiridzwa. Iwe uchadzidza kuti violin inoshanda sei, ingani tambo dzayo, uye ndeapi mabasa akanyorwa nevanyori veviolin.

Violin inoshanda sei?

Chimiro chayo chiri nyore: muviri, mutsipa uye tambo. Zvishandiso zvemidziyo zvinosiyana zvakanyanya muchinangwa chazvo uye kukosha. Semuenzaniso, munhu haafaniri kufuratira huta, nekuda kwei inzwi rinobudiswa kubva mumaketani, kana chinrest uye bhiriji, izvo zvinobvumira muiti kuti aise chiridzwa chacho zvakanaka pafudzi rekuruboshwe.

Kunewo zvishongedzo zvakaita semuchina, izvo zvinobvumira muchengeti weviolini kuti agadzirise tuning yakachinja chero chikonzero pasina kutambisa nguva, kusiyana nekushandiswa kwevanobata tambo - mapegi, ayo akanyanya kuoma kushanda nawo.

Kune tambo ina chete pachadzo, nguva dzose dzakagadzirirwa kune zvinyorwa zvakafanana - E, A, D uye G. Ko tambo dze violin dzakagadzirwa nei? Kubva pane zvakasiyana-siyana - zvinogona kuva tsinga, silika kana simbi.

Tambo yekutanga kurudyi inotungidzirwa kuE yechipiri octave uye ndiyo yakatetepa pane ese tambo dzakaratidzwa. Tambo yechipiri, pamwe neyechitatu, "ita munhu" zvinyorwa "A" uye "D", zvichiteerana. Vane avhareji, yakada kufanana ukobvu. Zvose zvinyorwa zviri mune yekutanga octave. Rwonzi rwekupedzisira, rwakakora uye rwebassiest tambo yechina, yakarongedzwa kune chinyorwa "G" chediki octave.

Tambo imwe neimwe ine timbre yayo - kubva pakuboora ("E") kusvika kune gobvu ("Sol"). Izvi ndizvo zvinobvumira mutambi weviolin kuti ataure manzwiro akadaro nounyanzvi. Inzwi rinoenderanawo neuta - tsanga pachayo uye bvudzi rakatambanudzwa pamusoro payo.

Ndeapi marudzi emaviolin aripo?

Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu inogona kuvhiringidza uye yakasiyana-siyana, asi isu tichapindura zviri nyore: kune anonyanya kuzivikanwa emapuranga maviolin kwatiri - anonzi anonzi acoustic, uye kunewo magetsi emagetsi. Iyo yekupedzisira inoshanda pamagetsi, uye inzwi ravo rinonzwika kuvonga kune iyo inonzi "speaker" ine amplifier - combo. Hapana mubvunzo kuti zviridzwa izvi zvakagadzirwa zvakasiyana, kunyange zvazvo zvingaratidzika zvakafanana pakuonekwa. Iyo nzira yekuridza acoustic uye yemagetsi violin haina kunyanya kusiyana, asi iwe unofanirwa kujaira kune analog yemagetsi chiridzwa nenzira yayo.

Ndeapi mabasa akanyorerwa violin?

Iwo mabasa inyaya yakaparadzana yekufungisisa, nekuti violin inozviratidza zvakanakisa sese ari ega uye mukuridza pamwe chete. Nokudaro, makonzati ega, sonatas, partitas, caprices uye mitambo yemamwe marudzi yakanyorerwa violin, pamwe chete nezvikamu zvemarudzi ose e duets, quartets uye mamwe ensembles.

Violin inogona kutora chikamu mune dzinenge mhando dzese dzemimhanzi. Kazhinji kazhinji panguva ino inosanganisirwa mune classics, folklore uye rock. Iwe unogona kutonzwa violin mumakatuni evana uye maitiro avo echiJapan - anime. Zvose izvi zvinongobatsira mukuwedzera kukurumbira kwechiridzwa uye zvinongosimbisa kuti violin haizomboperi.

Vagadziri veviolin vane mukurumbira

Uyewo, usakanganwa nezvevagadziri veviolin. Zvichida anozivikanwa zvikuru ndiAntonio Stradivari. Zvese zviridzwa zvake zvinodhura zvakanyanya, zvaikosheswa kare. Stradivarius violin ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Munguva yehupenyu hwake, akaita zvinopfuura 1000 violin, asi panguva ino pakati pe150 ne600 zviridzwa zvakapona - ruzivo mune zvakasiyana-siyana dzimwe nguva zvinoshamisa mukusiyana kwayo.

Dzimwe mhuri dzine chekuita nekugadzira violin dzinosanganisira mhuri yeAmati. Zvizvarwa zvakasiyana zveiyi mhuri huru yeItaly yakavandudza zviridzwa zvakakotamiswa, kusanganisira kuvandudza chimiro cheviolin, kuwana ruzha rwakasimba uye rwunonzwika kubva mairi.

Vakakurumbira violinists: ndivanaani?

Violin yaimbova chiridzwa chevanhu, asi nekufamba kwenguva nzira yekuiridza yakava yakaoma uye mhizha dzehunyanzvi dzakatanga kubuda kubva pakati pevanhu, vakafadza veruzhinji nehunyanzvi hwavo. Italy yave yakakurumbira nekuda kwevayo violinist kubva mumhanzi Renaissance. Zvakakwana kutumidza mazita mashoma - Vivaldi, Corelli, Tartini. Niccolo Paganini akabvawo kuItaly, ane zita rakafukidzwa nengano uye zvakavanzika.

Pakati pevaridzi veviolin vakabva kuRussia mazita makuru akadai saJ. Heifetz, D. Oistrakh, L. Kogan. Vateereri vemazuva ano vanozivawo mazita eredzi dzemazuva ano munharaunda iyi yemitambo - izvi, semuenzaniso, V. Spivakov naVanessa-Mae.

Zvinotendwa kuti kuti utange kudzidza kuridza chiridzwa ichi, unofanirwa kunge uine nzeve yakanaka yemimhanzi, tsinga dzakasimba uye kushivirira, izvo zvichakubatsira kukunda makore mashanu kusvika manomwe ekudzidza. Zvechokwadi, chinhu chakadaro hachigoni kuita pasina kukanganisa uye kukundikana, zvisinei, sekutonga, kunyange izvi zvinongobatsira chete. Nguva yekudzidza ichava yakaoma, asi chigumisiro chinokodzera marwadzo.

Zvinhu zvakatsaurirwa kune violin hazvigoni kusiiwa pasina mimhanzi. Teerera kumumhanzi une mukurumbira weSaint-Saëns. Zvimwe wakambozvinzwa, asi unoziva here kuti ibasa rerudzii?

C. Saint-Saens Nhanganyaya uye Rondo Capriccioso