Lira |

ChiGiriki λύρα, lat. lyra

1) ChiGiriki chekare chakatora tambo mimhanzi. tool. Muviri wakati sandara, wakatenderedzwa; pakutanga akagadzirwa kubva kugoko rekamba uye akapiwa membrane kubva paganda renzombe, gare gare rakagadzirwa rose nematanda. Pamativi emuviri pane machira maviri akakomberedzwa (akagadzirwa nenyanga dzeantelope kana huni) ane crossbar, iyo 7-11 tambo dzakasungirirwa. Kugadzirisa pachiyero chematanho mashanu. Paitamba, L. yaibatwa yakatwasuka kana kuti yakatsvuka; neminwe yeruoko rweruboshwe vairidza mutinhimira, uye pakupera kwendima vairidza pururu vachitevedza tambo. Mutambo paL. waiperekedzwa nekuita kwechigadzirwa. epic uye lyric. nhetembo (kubuda kweshoko rekunyora rekuti "lyrics" rinosanganiswa neL.). Mukupesana neDionysian aulos, L. chaive chiridzwa cheApollonian. Iyo kithara (kitara) yaive imwe nhanho mukuvandudzwa kweL.. NeChitatu. zana remakore uye gare gare antique. L. haana kusangana.

2) Yakakotamiswa tambo imwe chete L. Inotaurwa mumabhuku kubva ku8th-9th mazana emakore, mifananidzo yekupedzisira inobva muzana remakore rechi13. Muviri wacho wakaita sepear, une maburi maviri akaita secrescent.

3) Kolesnaya L. - chiridzwa chine tambo. Muviri wakaita danda, wakadzika, chikepe- kana mufananidzo-sere-une goko, unopera nemusoro, kazhinji uine mumone. Mukati mechiitiko chacho, vhiri rakakweshwa neresin kana rosin rinosimbiswa, rinotenderedzwa nemubato. Nepaburi riri mubhodhi regudzanzwi, rinobuda kunze, richibata tambo, richiita kuti rinzwike sezvainotenderera. Nhamba yetambo yakasiyana, pakati payo, melodic, inopfuura nebhokisi rine nzira yekushandura pitch. Muzana remakore rechi12 kutenderera tangents kwakashandiswa kupfupisa tambo, kubva muzana remakore rechi13. – kusunda. Range - pakutanga diatonic. gamma muhuwandu hweoctave, kubva muzana remakore rechi18. - chromatic. muhuwandu hwe2 octaves. Kurudyi nekuruboshwe kwe melodic. kune tambo mbiri dzinoperekedza bourdon, dzinowanzoiswa muzvishanu kana zvina. Pasi pezita rekuti organistrum vhiri L. yakapararira mucf. zana remakore. Muzana remakore rechi10 zvakasiyana muhukuru hukuru; dzimwe nguva yaitambwa nevatambi vaviri. Under decomp. zita rine mavhiri L. raishandiswa nevakawanda. vanhu veEurope uye nharaunda yeUSSR. Yave ichizivikanwa muRussia kubva muzana remakore rechi17. Yakaridzwa nevaimbi vaifamba uye vaipfuura-kaliks (muUkraine inonzi rela, ryla; muBelarus - lera). Mune mazizi Panguva imwecheteyo, mbira yakagadziridzwa yakagadzirwa nebayan keyboard uye 9 tambo, ine frets pafretboard (rudzi rweflat domra), uye mhuri yembira (soprano, tenor, baritone) yakavakwa. Inoshandiswa muNational orchestras.

4) Chiridzwa chine tambo chakatangira kuItaly mu16th uye 17th century. Muchitarisiko (makona emuviri, iyo convex yakaderera soundboard, musoro uri muchimiro checurl), inenge yakafanana neviolin. Paiva naL. da braccio (soprano), lirone da braccio (alto), L. da gamba (baritone), lirone perfetta (bass). Lira uye lirone da braccio mumwe nemumwe aive netambo 5 dzekutamba (uye imwe kana mbiri dzebourdon), L. da gamba (inonziwo lirone, lira imperfetta) 9-13, lirone perfetta (mamwe mazita - archiviolat L., L. perfetta ) kumusoro kusvika 10-14.

5) Gitare-L. - rudzi rwegitare rine muviri wakafanana nemamwe maGiriki. L. Paaitamba, akanga akamira (pamakumbo kana mundege inotsigira). Kurudyi nekuruboshwe kwemutsipa kune "nyanga", iyo inenge iri kuenderera kwemuviri kana chishongo chekushongedza. Gitare-L yakagadzirwa muFrance muzana remakore rechi18. Yakagoverwa kunyika dzokuMadokero. Europe uye muRussia kusvika kuma30s. 19th century

6) Cavalry L. - metallophone: seti yesimbi. mahwendefa akaturikwa kubva kusimbi. iyo furemu, ine chimiro cheL., yakashongedzwa nemuswe wepony. Vanotamba simbi. mallet. Cavalry L. yaiitirwa mauto endarira mabhendi.

7) Tsanangudzo yepiyano - danda rehuni, kazhinji riri muchimiro chekare. L. Inoshandiswa kubatanidza pedal.

8) Nenzira yekufananidzira - chiratidzo kana chiratidzo chesutu. Inoshandiswa muSoviet Army kusiyanisa pakati pemasoja nemaforomani emumhanzi platoon.

References: Mimhanzi tsika yenyika yekare. Sat. Art., L., 1937; Struve B., Nzira yekuumbwa kwezviyo uye violin, M., 1959; Modr A., ​​Zviridzwa zvemimhanzi, trans. kubva kuCzech., M., 1959.

GI Blagodatov