Improvisation |

improvisation (Kuvandudzwa kweFrench, ital. kunatsiridza, от лат. improvisus - zvisingatarisirwi, kamwe kamwe) - rudzi rwakakosha rweunyanzvi hunowanikwa mune akati wandei hunyanzvi (nhetembo, mutambo, mimhanzi, choreography). kusika, neK-rum kugadzirwa. yakagadzirwa zvakananga mukuita kwayo. Mumhanzi. Uye. yaizivikanwa kubva kare. Chimiro chemuromo chaNar. kusika - kutamisa nziyo uye instr. tunes nenzeve, kubva mundangariro - zvakabatsira mukushandiswa kweNar. vaimbi (vaimbi uye varidzi vezviridzwa) zvezvinhu zveI. Mukuita kwangu I. vaivimba nemhando dzeminyuziyamu dzakagadzirwa nevanhu. kufunga, kudenderedzwa rakanyatsogadziriswa remazwi, nziyo, rhythms, nezvimwe. n Kune vaimbi vekuzvarwa vanozivikanwa nechishuvo chekubatanidza kugadzirisa kwakajeka kweakambowanikwa muses. mufananidzo nekusiyana kwayo kwemahara, kuwana nguva dzose kuvandudzwa uye kupfumisa mimhanzi. Mumhanzi. Tsika dzekuMabvazuva. kuvandudzwa kwevanhu. kusiyanisa kweimwe melodic modhi iDOS. chimiro chemimhanzi. Kuburikidza nevanhu vanodzungaira. vaimbi I. akapinda mumakomo. ice tsika. MuEurope Prof. mimhanzi I. iri kuwedzera muzana remakore - pakutanga muwok. nziyo dzechitendero. Sezvo mafomu ekurekodha kwayo aive ekufungidzira, asina kukwana (neumes, zvikorekedzo), muiti akamanikidzwa, kune imwe dhigirii kana imwe, kutendeukira kukuvandudza (iyo inonzi. anniversaries, etc.). Nokufamba kwenguva, nzira dzakawedzera kutsanangurwa uye kudzorwa. High art. level of claim I. inosvika mumamiziro enyika. marudzi muRenaissance; inogamuchira kudzokororwa kwakasiyana-siyana mumimhanzi. tsika yezana ramakore rechi 16-18, mukunyora nokuita hunyanzvi. Nekuvandudzwa kwe instr. mimhanzi yega, kunyanya yezviridzwa zvekhibhodi, chiyero cheI. - pamberi pekusikwa muchimiro cheI. yose muses. inotamba. Muimbi, aiwanzobatanidza muimbi uye mutambi mumunhu mumwe, kuti agone hunyanzvi hweI. aifanira kupinda nemugadziriro inokosha. Meryl Prof. zvikwaniriso zvemuimbi, semuenzaniso. organist, kwenguva yakareba hunyanzvi hwake mune izvo zvinonzi. free I. (kazhinji pane imwe nyaya) polyphonic. mafomu echando (preludes, fugues, nezvimwewo). Mukuru wekutanga ane mukurumbira I. akanga ari muimbi uye munyori wezana remakore rechi15. F. Landino. Kubva pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 16, nemvumo yehomophonic harmonic. warehouse (melody with accompaniment), hurongwa hwezvinonzi. general-bass, iyo yakapa kuita kwekuperekedza kune rwiyo maererano nedhijitari bass tholos. Kunyangwe muiti aifanira kuomerera kune mimwe mitemo yekutungamira kwezwi, kudhirowa kwakadaro kweiyo general bass kwaisanganisira zvinhu zveI. Kuve nebass yeruzhinji muzana ramakore rechi 17-18 kwainzi kunosungirwa kumuimbi anoridza. Mumazana emakore 16-18. manomano akagoverwa. Uye. - mavara (kushongedza) nevatambi instr. zvidimbu (zvelute, clavier, violin, nezvimwewo), wok. mapato. Vakawana kunyanya kushandiswa kwakakura muzvikamu zvecoloratura zveItaly. operas 18 - mangwanani. 19 cc (cm. Coloratura, Roulade, Fioritura). Mitemo yerudzi urwu I., imwe yehunyanzvi. kuratidzwa kweboka inyanzvi yekushongedza, inotarwa mune zvimwe zvakawanda. mimhanzi yekare.-theoretical. zvinyorwa, voc. uye instr. zvikoro. Nekudaro, kushungurudzwa kwemaitiro akadaro, izvo zvakashandura I. mune yekunze virtuoso yekushongedza art, yakatungamira mukuderera kwayo. Mimhanzi inodzika. zviri mukati, kuoma kwemafomu ayo mumazana emakore 18-19. yaida kubva kune vanyori kurekodha kwakazara uye kwakaringana kwemamuse. chinyorwa chebasa racho, kubvisa mhirizhonga yevaiti. Kubva pakupera kwe18 in. kuita I. mune zvakasiyana-siyana kuratidzwa kwayo (zvichibva pane zvakajairika bass, coloring, etc.) inotanga kupa nzira kune chaiyo kutamiswa kwemimhanzi notation nemuiti, inoisa hwaro hwekunakisisa kwehunyanzvi hwekududzira. Zvisinei, mu 1st floor. 19 in. maitiro akadaro eI. sekufungidzira kwemahara, pamwe neni. pane imwe nyaya, iyo yakazvisimbisa pachayo seyakakosha. (kazhinji yekupedzisira) nhamba mu conc. zvirongwa zve instrumental virtuosos. Vagadziri vakatanhamara vaive vanyori vakuru venguva iyoyo (L. Beethoven, F. Schubert, N. Paganini, F. List, F. Chopin). General interest I. kunyanya hunhu hweRomantic era. Yemahara fantasy yaive chikamu chakakosha chekuita. hunyanzvi hwemunyori werudo, kudiwa kwacho kwakaruramiswa nerudo.

Kunonoka kukosha Uye. inoderera. Yakaitwa I. inoramba ichichengetwa nevaimbi veopera (mu arias); maitiro ayo (muchimiro che nuances yekududzira mukuita kwekuita pachayo) anooneka panguva yekushanda kwechigadzirwa. nemoyo (chimiro che conc. performances by soloists, iyo yakave yakajairika kubva ku2nd hafu yezana remakore rechi19), kuverenga zvinyorwa kubva papepa. Yemahara I. varidzi vezviridzwa vanochengetwa mu cadences ye instr. makonzati (kwenguva pfupi; Beethoven atova mukonsaiti yake yechishanu yepiyano pachake anonyora kadenza), nevaimbi (S. Frank, A. Bruckner, M. Dupre, nezvimwewo). I. choral processing uye fugue uye ichiri dombo rekubata raProf. hunyanzvi hweogani. Mumimhanzi yemazuva ano tsika I. haitambi zvisikwa. mabasa, kuchengeta kukosha chete mukusika. chiito chemunyori, sezvaachagadzirira. danho rekuumbwa kwemimhanzi. mifananidzo uye kuti chinhu chichaita sei. dudziro. Kusarudzika imhanzi yejazz, iyo ine organic zvinhu zvejaidhi rakaungana (ona Jazz). Muzana remakore rechi5 nekuuya kwebhaisikopo, I. ndakawana kushandiswa mumimhanzi. mifananidzo yemafirimu "akanyarara" (anoperekedza firimu nekutamba pafp.). Mimwe mimhanzi. E. Jacques-Dalcroze, F. Jode, naC. Orff vari kushandisa mumhanzi senzira yedzidzo yenziyo kuvana nepwere. Sezvo 20s isingadiwe I. inowana kushandiswa mu avant-garde art (ona Aleatorica), mumabasa aK. Stockhausen, P. Boulez, nevamwe, kurekodha kunopa muiti mitemo mishomanana yekushandiswa kwekusununguka kwe vavariro yemunyori kana kumupa zvake. kungwara, mukuita, kusiyanisa maitiro ezvinyorwa. Mimwe mimhanzi. marudzi ane mazita anoratidza kubatana kwawo neI. (semuenzaniso, "Fantasy", "Prelude", "Improvisation").

References: Wehle GF, The Art of Improvisation, Vols. 1-3, Munster muna W., 1925-32; Fischer M., The organistic improvisation muzana remakore rechi17, Kassel, 1929 («Kцnigsberger Studies on Musicology», V); Jцde Fr., Mwana wekugadzira mumhanzi, в кн.: Handbook of music education, ed. naE. Bucken, Potsdam, 1931; Fellerer KG, Panhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemahara. “Die Musikpflege”, vhoriyamu II, 1932; Fritsch M., Variation and Improvisation, Kassel, 1941; Wolf H. Chr., Kuvandudzwa kwekuimba kwenguva yebaroque, mushumo wekongiresi, Bamberg, 1953; Ferand ET, Die Improvisation, Cologne, 1956, 1961; Lцw HA, Kuvandudza mupiyano mabasa aL. van Beethoven, Saarbrücken, 1962 (diss.).

IM Yampolsky