Kutevedzera |

kubva lat. kutevedzera - kutevedzera

Kudzokororwa chaiko kana kuti kusiri kwechokwadi muizwi rimwe remutinhimira pakarepo risati rarira mune rimwe inzwi. Inzwi rinotanga kuridza mutinhimira rinonzi mavambo, kana kuti proposta (chiItalian proposta – mutsara), richiudzokorora – kutevedzera, kana kuti risposta (chiItalian risposta – mhinduro, kuramba).

Kana, mushure mekupinda kwe risposta, kufamba kunonzwika kunoenderera mberi mu proposta, kuumba counterpoint kune risposta - iyo inonzi. kushorwa, ipapo polyphonic inomuka. jira racho. Kana iyo proposta ikanyarara panguva iyo risposta inopinda kana kuti inonzwika isina kugadzirwa, ipapo jira rinoshanduka kuva homophonic. Mutinhimira unotaurwa mu<em>proposta unogona kutevedzerwa zvakatevedzana mumanzwi akati wandei (I, II, III, zvichingodaro.

WA Mozart. "Healthy Canon".

Kaviri uye katatu I. inoshandiswawo, kureva kuti, kutevedzera panguva imwe chete. chirevo (kudzokorora) kweaviri kana matatu mapuropu:

DD Shostakovich. 24 preludes uye fugues yepiyano, op. 87, No 4 (fugue).

Kana iyo risposta inotevedzera chete chikamu ichocho cheproposta, apo mharidzo yaiva monophonic, ipapo I. inonzi iri nyore. Kana risposta ikaramba ichitevedzera zvikamu zvose zveproposta (kana zvishoma 4), ipapo I. inonzi canonical (canon, ona muenzaniso wekutanga papeji 505). Risposta inogona kupinda chero nhanho-yezana. Nokudaro, I. inosiyana kwete chete munguva yekupinda kwezwi rekutevedzera (risposts) - mushure meimwe, maviri, matanho matatu, nezvimwewo kana kuburikidza nezvikamu zvechiyero mushure mekutanga kweproposta, asiwo mukutungamira uye nguva ( pamwe chete, kumusoro kana pasi yechipiri, yechitatu, yechina, nezvimwewo). Nechekare kubva muzana remakore rechi15. iyo predominance yeI. mukota-yechishanu, kureva, tonic-dominant relation, iyo yakabva yave yakanyanya, kunyanya mufugue, inooneka.

Ne centralization ye ladotonal system muI. ye tonic-inotonga hukama, iyo inonzi. nzira yekupindura toni inosimudzira kutsetseka kwemodulation. Iyi nzira inoramba ichishandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvakabatanidzwa.

Pamwe chete nemhinduro ye tonal, iyo inonzi. mahara I., umo izwi rekutevedzera rinochengeta chete zvirevo zvakazara zve melodic. kudhirowa kana hunhu hwemutinhimira wedingindira (rhythm. I.).

DS Bortnyansky. 32nd konzati yemweya.

I. yakakosha zvikuru senzira yekusimudzira, kusimudzira dingindira. zvinhu. Kutungamira mukukura kwechimiro, I. panguva imwechete inovimbisa thematic. (mukufananidzira) kubatana kwezvose. Nechekare muzana remakore rechi13. I. inova imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa muprof. mimhanzi yemaitiro ekutaura. MuNar. polyphony I., sezviri pachena, yakamuka kare kare, sezvinoratidzwa nemamwe marekodhi akasara. Mumitambo yemimhanzi yezana remakore rechi13, imwe nzira kana imwe yakabatana ne cantus firmus (rondo, kambani, uye ipapo motet uye mass), contrapuntal yaigara ichishandiswa. uye, kunyanya, kutevedzera. unyanzvi. KuNetherlands masters ezana ramakore rechi 15-16. (J. Okegem, J. Obrecht, Josquin Despres, nezvimwewo) kutevedzera. tekinoroji, kunyanya canonical, yasvika padanho repamusoro. Nechekare panguva iyoyo, pamwe chete neI. mukufamba kwakananga, I. yaishandiswa zvakanyanya mukutenderera:

S. Scheidt. Kusiyana kwekwaya "Vater unser im Himmelreich".

Vakasanganawo mukudzoka (kuparara) kufamba, mune rhythmic. kuwedzera (somuenzaniso, nekupeta kaviri kwenguva yemanzwi ese) uye kuderera.

Kubva pakutonga kwezana ramakore rechi 16 chinzvimbo chaive chakapfava I. Akakundawo mukutevedzera. maitiro ezana remakore rechi17 ne18. (canzones, motets, ricercars, masasi, fugues, fantasies). Kusarudzwa kweI. yakapfava kwaive, kune imwe nhanho, kuita kune yakanyanyisa kufarira kweiyo canonical. unyanzvi. Zvakakosha kuti I. mukudzoka (kuparara) kufamba, nezvimwewo hazvina kuonekwa nenzeve kana kuti zvakaonekwa nekuoma chete.

Kusvika mumazuva ehutongi hweJS Bach. zvinzvimbo, mafomu ekutevedzera (kunyanya fugue) munguva dzinotevera sezvo mafomu akazvimirira. prod. anoshandiswa kakawanda, asi anopinda mumhando huru dzehomophonic, achigadziridzwa zvichienderana nemhando yedingindira, maitiro ayo emhando, uye chaiyo pfungwa yebasa.

V. Ya. Shebalin. String Quartet Nhamba 4, yekupedzisira.

References: Sokolov HA, Kutevedzera pa cantus firmus, L., 1928; Skrebkov S., Zvinyorwa zvepolyphony, M.-L., 1951, M., 1965; Grigoriev S. naMueller T., Bhuku rezvinyorwa zvepolyphony, M., 1961, 1969; Protopopov V., Nhoroondo yepolyphony mune yayo inonyanya kukosha zviitiko. (Chikamu 2), Western European classics yeXVIII-XIX mazana emakore, M., 1965; Mazel L., Panzira dzekuvandudza mutauro wemimhanzi yemazuva ano, "SM", 1965, Nhamba 6,7,8.

TF Müller