Alexander Alyabyev (Alexander Alyabyev) |

Alexander Alyabyev

… Zvese zvemuno zviri padyo nemoyo. Mwoyo unonzwa urimupenyu Zvakanaka, imba pamwe chete, zvakanaka, tanga: Nightingale yangu, nightingale yangu! V. Domontovych

Tarenda iri raive rekuda kuziva maererano nekunzwa pamweya uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa nemoyo yevanhu vazhinji inorova ichienderana nenziyo dzaAlyabyev ... zvinodiwa zvemoyo yevakararama panguva yake ... B. Asafiev

Kune vanyori vanowana mukurumbira uye kusafa nekuda kwebasa rimwechete. Ndizvo zvakaita A. Alyabyev - munyori werudo rwakakurumbira "The Nightingale" kune ndima dzeA. Delvig. Rudo urwu runoimbwa pasi rose, nhetembo uye nyaya dzakatsaurirwa kwairi, dziripo mumakonti ekugadzirisa naM. Glinka, A. Dubuc, F. Liszt, A. Vietana, uye nhamba yezvinyorwa zvayo zvisina zita hazvina muganho. Zvisinei, kunze kweNightingale, Alyabyev akasiya nhaka huru: 6 operas, ballet, vaudeville, mimhanzi yemitambo, symphony, overtures, nziyo dzebhendi rendarira, kwaya yakawanda, chamber instrumental works, zvinopfuura 180 romances, urongwa hwe nziyo dzevanhu. Mazhinji enziyo idzi akaitwa munguva yehupenyu hwemunyori, akabudirira, kunyangwe mashoma akabudiswa - zverudo, akati wandei piyano zvidimbu, melodrama "Musungwa weCaucasus" naA. Pushkin.

Mhedzisiro yeAlyabyev inoshamisa. Kwemakore mazhinji akagurwa kubva kuupenyu hwemimhanzi hwemaguta makuru, akararama uye akafa pasi pejoko reguva, mhosva isina kururama yekuponda, iyo yakaputsa hupenyu hwake pachikumbaridzo chekuzvarwa kwake makumi mana, ichiparadzanisa biography yake muzvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana. . Yokutanga yakafamba zvakanaka. Makore ehuduku akapedzwa muTobolsk, uyo gavhuna aiva baba vaAlyabyev, murume akavhenekerwa, akasununguka, anoda zvikuru mimhanzi. Muna 1796, mhuri yakatamira kuSt. Petersburg, uko pazera remakore 14 Alexander akanyoreswa mubasa redhipatimendi remigodhi. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvidzidzo zvakakomba zvemimhanzi zvakatanga naI. Miller, "mukurumbira wekupikisa mutambi" (M. Glinka), kubva kwaari vaimbi vakawanda vokuRussia nevekunze vakadzidza kuumbwa. Kubva 1804, Alyabyev akagara muMoscow, uye pano muma1810. nziyo dzake dzekutanga dzakaburitswa - dzerudo, piyano zvidimbu, Yekutanga String Quartet yakanyorwa (yakatanga kuburitswa muna 1952). Izvi zvinyorwa zvimwe ndiyo yekutanga mienzaniso yeRussia chamber chiridzwa uye mimhanzi yezwi. Mune mweya werudo wemunyori wechidiki, nhetembo yemanzwiro eV. Zhukovsky yakawana mhinduro yakakosha ipapo, gare gare ichipa nzira kune nhetembo dzePushkin, Delvig, Decembrist vanyori, uye pamagumo ehupenyu hwake - N. Ogarev.

Hondo yePatriotic ya1812 yakadzoreredza zvido zvemimhanzi kumashure. Alyabyev akazvipira kuhondo, akarwa pamwe chete nengano Denis Davydov, akakuvadzwa, akapiwa mirairo miviri uye menduru. Tarisiro yebasa rehondo rinobwinya yakazaruka pamberi pake, asi, asingafariri, Alyabyev akarega basa muna 1823. Achigara achichinjana muMoscow neSt. Petersburg, akava pedyo nenyika yokudhirowa yemaguta makuru ari maviri. Muimba yemunyori wemitambo A. Shakhovsky, akasangana naN. Vsevolozhsky, murongi weGreen Lamp mabhuku evanhu; pamwe naI. Gnedich, I. Krylov, A. Bestuzhev. MuMoscow, manheru naA. Griboyedov, akaridza mimhanzi naA. Verstovsky, hama dzeVielgorsky, V. Odoevsky. Alyabyev akabatanidzwa mumakonzati semupiyano uye muimbi (anoyevedza tenor), akanyora zvakawanda uye akawana simba rakawanda pakati pevaimbi nevadi vemimhanzi. Kuma20s. vaudevilles yakanyorwa naM. Zagoskin, P. Arapov, A. Pisarev ane mimhanzi yaAlyabyev akaoneka pamatanho eMoscow neSt. Petersburg theatre, uye muna 1823 muSt. Petersburg neMoscow, opera yake yokutanga, Moonlit Night, kana kuti Brownies, yakaitwa nekubudirira kukuru (free. P. Mukhanov and P. Arapova). … Mimhanzi yaAlyabyev haina kuipa kupfuura maoperasi emuFrench, – Odoevsky akanyora mune chimwe chezvinyorwa zvake.

Musi waFebruary 24, 1825, njodzi yakarova: panguva yemutambo wekadhi muimba yaAlyabyev, pakanga pane kukakavara kukuru, mumwe wevatori varo nokukurumidza akafa kamwe kamwe. Nenzira yechienzi, Alyabyev akapomerwa rufu urwu uye, pashure pokutongwa kwamakore matatu, akaendeswa kuutapwa kuSiberia. Kudzungaira kwenguva refu kwakatanga: Tobolsk, Caucasus, Orenburg, Kolomna ...

…Kuda kwenyu kwabviswa, Keji yakakiyiwa zvakasimba Oo, sorry, nightingale yedu, Loud nightingale... Delvig akanyora.

“…Musararama sezvamunoda, asi sezvamunoraira Mwari; hapana akambosangana nezvakawanda seni, mutadzi ... ”Sista Ekaterina chete, akazvipira kutevera mukoma wake muutapwa, uye mimhanzi yaaifarira yakaponeswa kubva mukupererwa. Mukutapwa, Alyabyev akaronga kwaya uye akaita mumakonzati. Achifamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, akarekodha nziyo dzevanhu veRussia - Caucasian, Bashkir, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Tatar, akashandisa tunes uye tunes murudo rwake. Pamwe chete neUkraine munyori wenhoroondo uye folklorist M. Maksimovich Alyabiev akaunganidza muunganidzwa we "Voices of Ukrainian Songs" (1834) uye aigara achinyorwa. Akanyora mimhanzi kunyangwe ari mutirongo: achiri kuferefetwa, akagadzira imwe yeakanakisa quartets - yechitatu, ine misiyano paNightingale theme muchikamu chinononoka, pamwe neMagic Drum ballet, iyo isina kusiya matanho emitambo yeRussia. kwemakore akawanda.

Kwemakore, zvinyorwa zvehupenyu zvakaonekwa zvakanyanya uye zvakajeka mubasa raAlyabyev. Zvikonzero zvekutambura uye tsitsi, kusurukirwa, kusuwa kumba, chido chekusununguka - iyi ndiyo denderedzwa yemifananidzo yenguva yekutapwa (rudo "Irtysh" paSt. I. Vetter - 1828, "Evening Bells", pa st. I. Kozlov (kubva T. Mura) - 1828, "Winter road" paPushkin station - 1831). Kuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa kwakasimba kwakakonzerwa nemusangano wetsaona neaimbova mudiwa E. Ofrosimova (nee Rimskaya-Korsakova). Mufananidzo wake wakafuridzira munyori kuti agadzire imwe yeakanakisa nziyo dzerudo "Ini ndaikuda" paSt. Pushkin. Muna 1840, paakava chirikadzi, Ofrosimova akava mudzimai Alyabyev. Muma40s. Alyabyev akava pedyo naN. Ogarev. Mukudanana kwakagadzirwa munhetembo dzake - "The Tavern", "The Hut", "The Village Watchman" - dingindira rekusaenzana kwevanhu vakatanga kurira, vachitarisira kutsvaga kwaA. Dargomyzhsky naM. Mussorgsky. Mafungiro ekupandukira anoratidzawo maitiro emitambo mitatu yekupedzisira yaAlyabyev: "The Tempest" naW. Shakespeare, "Ammalat-bek" naA. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, "Edwin naOscar" nengano dzekare dzeCeltic. Saka, kunyange, maererano neI. Aksakov, "zhizha, kurwara uye nhamo zvakamunyaradza," mweya wekupandukira wenguva yaDecembrist hauna kupera mumabasa emunyori kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake.

O. Averyanova