Karlheinz Stockhausen |
Karlheinz Stockhausen
Muimbi weGerman, muimbi wenziyo uye mufungidziri, mumwe wevamiriri vakakura veiyo post-war musical avant-garde. Akazvarwa muna 1928 mutaundi reMedrat pedyo neCologne. Muna 1947-51 akadzidza paCologne Higher School of Music. Akatanga kuumba muna 1950 uye akave mutambi anoshingaira muDarmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music (kwaakazodzidzisa kwemakore akawanda). Muna 1952-53 akadzidza muParis naMesiaen uye akashanda muStudio "concrete music" yaPierre Schaeffer. Muna 1953, akatanga kushanda paWest German Radio's Electronic Music Studio muCologne (akazotungamira kubva muna 1963-73). Muna 1954-59 akanga ari mumwe wevapepeti vemagazini yemimhanzi "Row" (Die Reihe), yakatsaurirwa kumatambudziko emimhanzi yemazuva ano. Muna 1963 akatanga Cologne Makosi eMumhanzi Mutsva uye kusvika 1968 akashanda semutungamiriri wavo wehunyanzvi. Muna 1970-77 aive purofesa wekuumbwa paCologne Higher School of Music.
Muna 1969 akatanga yake pachake "Stockhausen Publishing House" (Stockhausen Verlag), kwaakabudisa zvibodzwa zvake zvose zvitsva, pamwe chete nemabhuku, zvinyorwa, mabhuku, mabhurocha uye mapurogiramu. Pa 1970 Osaka World's Fair, uko Stockhausen yaimiririra West Germany, pavilion yakakosha yakaita sebhora yakavakirwa purojekiti yake yeExpo electro-acoustic. Kubva kuma1970s, akararama hupenyu hwekudzokororwa akakomberedzwa nemhuri uye vaimbi vane congenial mutaundi reKürten. Akaita semutambi wenziyo dzake - zvese nesymphony orchestra uye nechikwata chake che "mhuri". Akanyora uye akaburitsa zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi, zvakaunganidzwa pasi pezita rekuti "Texts" (mumavhoriyamu gumi). Kubva 10, International Courses muKuumba uye Dudziro yeStockhausen's Music yakaitwa zhizha rega rega muKürten. Munyori akafa musi waDecember 1998, 5 muKürten. Imwe yenzvimbo dzeguta inotumidzwa zita rake.
Stockhausen akaita majana akawanda mubasa rake. Mukutanga kwema1950, akatendeukira kune serialism uye pointllism. Kubva pakati pe-1950s - kune zvemagetsi uye "spatial" mimhanzi. Chimwe chezvaakabudirira zvikuru panguva iyi chaiva "Groups" (1957) yemitambo mitatu yesymphony. Ipapo akatanga kukudziridza "chimiro chenguva" (Momentform) - rudzi rwe "yakazaruka fomu" (iyo Boulez yakadana aleatoric). Kana muna 1950s - kutanga 1960s Stockhausen basa rakagadzirwa mumweya wesainzi uye tekinoroji kufambira mberi kweiyo nguva, saka kubva pakati pe-1960s zvave kuchinja pasi pesimba reesoteric manzwiro. Muimbi akazvipira kune "intuitive" uye "pasi rose" mimhanzi, kwaanoedza kubatanidza nheyo dzemimhanzi uye yemweya. Nziyo dzake dzinotora nguva dzinosanganisa zvinhu zvetsika nekuita, uye "Mantra" yemapiyano maviri (1970) yakavakirwa pamusimboti we "universal formula".
Iyo yakakura opera kutenderera "Chiedza. Mazuva manomwe evhiki" pane yekufananidzira-cosmogonic plot, iyo munyori akasika kubva 1977 kusvika 2003. Nguva yose yekutenderera kwemaopera manomwe (imwe neimwe ine mazita ezuva rimwe nerimwe revhiki - ichitaura isu kumufananidzo we mazuva manomwe eKusika) anotora anenge maawa makumi matatu uye anopfuura Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. Yekupedzisira, isina kupera yekugadzira chirongwa cheStockhausen yaive "Inzwi. Maawa makumi maviri nemana ezuva ”(30-24) - 2004 nziyo, imwe neimwe inofanirwa kuitwa pane imwe yeawa makumi maviri nemana ezuva. Imwe mhando yakakosha yeStockhausen yaive nziyo dzake dzepiyano, dzaakadana kuti "piano zvidimbu" (Klaviestücke). 07 inoshanda pasi pezita iri, rakagadzirwa kubva muna 24 kusvika 24, rinoratidza nguva dzese huru dzebasa remunyori.
Muna 1974, Stockhausen akave Mutungamiriri weOrder of Merit yeFederal Republic yeGermany, ipapo Mutungamiriri weOrder of Arts and Letters (France, 1985), akahwina mubairo weErnst von Siemens Music Prize (1986), chiremba anoremekedzwa we Yemahara University yeBerlin (1996), inhengo yenhamba yevadzidzi vekunze. Muna 1990, Stockhausen akauya kuUSSR nevaimbi vake uye acoustic midziyo sechikamu chemhemberero yemimhanzi yemhemberero yemakore makumi mana eFRG.
Kunobva: meloman.ru
