Anton Bruckner |

Anton Bruckner

Asinganzwisisike-pantheist, akapihwa simba remutauro raTauler, fungidziro yaEckhart, uye kushingaira kwechiratidzo cheGrunewald, muzana remakore rechiXNUMX chishamiso chaicho! O. Lang

Makakatanwa pamusoro pezvinoreva chokwadi cheA. Bruckner haamiri. Vamwe vanomuona se "Gothic monk" uyo akamutsa nenzira inoshamisa munguva yerudo, vamwe vanomuona semutyairi anofinha akagadzira symphonies imwe mushure meimwe, yakafanana kune imwe neimwe semadonhwe maviri emvura, akareba uye akadhirowa. Chokwadi, senguva dzose, chinoramba chiri kure nekunyanyisa. Hukuru hwaBruckner hahuna kunyanya mukutenda kwekuzvipira kunopinda pabasa rake, asi mune inodada, isingajairiki yepfungwa yechikatorike yemunhu sepakati penyika. Mabasa ake anosanganisira pfungwa kuva, kubudirira kune apotheosis, kuvavarira chiedza, kubatana necosmos inowirirana. Mupfungwa iyi, haasi oga muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. - zvakakwana kuyeuka K. Brentano, F. Schlegel, F. Schelling, gare gare muRussia - Vl. Solovyov, A. Scriabin.

Nekune rimwe divi, sekuwongorora kwakawanda kana kushoma kunoratidza, mutsauko uripo pakati pemasymphonies aBruckner unooneka. Chokutanga pane zvose, unyanzvi hukuru hwemunyori webasa hunoshamisa: kuva akabatikana kudzidzisa kwemaawa anenge 40 pavhiki, akanyora uye akagadzirisazve mabasa ake, dzimwe nguva zvisingazivikanwe, uyezve, pazera remakore 40 kusvika ku70. Pakazara, hatigone kutaura nezve9 kana gumi nerimwe, asi nezve 11 symphonies yakagadzirwa mumakore makumi matatu! Ichokwadi ndechokuti, sezvazvakazoitika semugumisiro webasa reAustria musicologists R. Haas naL. Novak pakudhindwa kwemabasa akazara emunyori, zvinyorwa zve18 zve symphonies yake zvakasiyana zvokuti imwe neimwe dzinofanira kuonekwa sedzakakosha pachadzo. V. Karatygin akataura zvakanaka pamusoro pokunzwisisa musimboti weunyanzvi hwaBruckner: “Pakaoma, hukuru, hune pfungwa huru dzeunyanzvi uye nguva dzose dzakaiswa mumarudzi makuru, basa raBruckner rinoda kubva kumuteereri anoda kupinza revo yomukati yekurudziro yake, kusimba kunokosha. yebasa rekuona, rine simba rinoshanda-rekuita, richienda kumhepo inokwira yepamusoro yeiyo chaiyo-yevolitional anergy yeunyanzvi hwaBruckner.

Bruckner akakurira mumhuri yemudzidzisi wevarimi. Pazera remakore 10 akatanga kunyora nziyo. Pashure porufu rwababa vake, mukomana wacho akatumirwa kwaya yeimba yemamongi yeSt. Florian (1837-40). Pano akaramba achidzidza nhengo, piyano uye violin. Mushure mekudzidza kwenguva pfupi muLinz, Bruckner akatanga kushanda semubatsiri wemudzidzisi muchikoro chemumusha, akashandawo chikamu chenguva mumabasa ekumaruwa, achitamba kumapati ekutamba. Panguva imwecheteyo akaenderera mberi nekudzidza kuumba uye kuridza organ. Kubvira muna 1845 ave ari mudzidzisi uye munyori weogani pamusha wemamongi weSt. Florian (1851-55). Kubva 1856, Bruckner anga achigara muLinz, achishanda seanoimba mucathedral. Panguva ino, anopedza dzidzo yake yekunyora naS. Zechter naO. Kitzler, anoenda kuVienna, Munich, anosangana naR. Wagner, F. Liszt, G. Berlioz. Muna 1863, ma symphonies ekutanga anooneka, achiteverwa nemhomho - Bruckner akava muimbi pa40! Kuzvininipisa kwake kwakakura, kuomesera kwake, zvekuti kusvika panguva iyoyo haana kuzvibvumira kumbofunga nezvemhando huru. Mukurumbira waBruckner senhengo uye asingaenzaniswi tenzi wekuvandudza nhengo ari kukura. Muna 1868 akagamuchira zita remugadziri wedare, akava purofesa paVienna Conservatory mukirasi yebass general, counterpoint uye organ, uye akatamira kuVienna. Kubva 1875 akadzidzisawo kuwirirana uye counterpoint paYunivhesiti yeVienna (H. Mahler akanga ari pakati pevadzidzi vake).

Kuzivikanwa kwaBruckner semunyori kwakauya chete pakupera kwa1884, apo A. Nikisch akatanga kuita Seventh Symphony yake muLeipzig nekubudirira kukuru. Muna 1886, Bruckner akaridza nhengo panguva yemariro aLiszt. Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, Bruckner akarwara zvakanyanya kwenguva yakareba. Akapedza makore ake ekupedzisira achishanda paNinth Symphony; aenda pamudyandigere, akagara mufurati yaakapiwa naMambo Franz Joseph muBelvedere Palace. Madota emunyori anovigwa muchechi yeimba yemamongi yeSt Florian, pasi penhengo.

Peru Bruckner ane 11 symphonies (kusanganisira F mudiki uye D mudiki, "Zero"), tambo Quintet, 3 masasi, "Te Deum", kwaya, zvidimbu zveogani. Kwenguva yakareba iyo yainyanya kufarirwa yaive yechina neyechinomwe symphonies, yakanyanya kuwirirana, yakajeka uye iri nyore kuona zvakananga. Gare gare, kufarira kwevatambi (uye vateereri pamwe chete navo) vakashandura kune yeNinth, Eighth, uye Third symphonies - iyo inonyanya kupesana, pedyo ne "Beethovenocentrism" inowanikwa mukududzirwa kwenhoroondo ye symphonism. Pamwe chete nechitarisiko chekuunganidza kwakakwana kwemabasa emunyori, kuwedzera kwezivo pamusoro pemimhanzi yake, zvakave zvichibvira kuronga nguva yebasa rake. Ekutanga mana symphonies anoumba nhanho yekutanga, iyo yepamusoro yaive yakanyanya kunzwisa tsitsi Second Symphony, mugari wenhaka yekufurira kwaSchumann uye kunetsa kwaBeethoven. Symphonies 4-3 inoumba nhanho yepakati panguva iyo Bruckner anosvika pakukura kukuru kwetarisiro yepantheistic, izvo zvisiri zvechienzi kune kusimba kwepfungwa kana zvishuwo zvekuzvidira. Yechinomwe yakajeka, yeChisere inoshamisa uye yepfumbamwe yakavhenekerwa zvinosuruvarisa ndiyo nhanho yekupedzisira; vanotora akawanda maficha ezvibodzwa zvakapfuura, kunyangwe ivo vakasiyana kubva kwavari nehurefu hwakareba uye kunonoka kweiyo titanic deployment.

Iyo inobata naivete yaBruckner murume ane ngano. Kuunganidzwa kwenyaya dzeanecdotal nezvake zvakaburitswa. Kurwisana kwakaoma kwekuzivikanwa kwakasiya chimwe chisimbiso pane psyche yake (kutya kweE. Hanslik miseve inokosha, nezvimwewo). Zvikuru zviri mumadhayari ake zvaiva zvinyorwa pamusoro peminamato yaiverengwa. Achipindura mubvunzo pamusoro pevavariro dzokutanga dzokunyora “Te Deum’a” (basa rinokosha rokunzwisisa mimhanzi yake), munyori wacho akapindura kuti: “Mukuonga Mwari, sezvo vatambudzi vangu vasati vabudirira kundiparadza ... zuva rorutongeso richava , ipai Ishe chiverengero che“Te Deum’a” uye muti: “Tarirai, ndaitira imi moga chinhu ichi!” Mushure maizvozvi, ndinogona kunge ndakatsvedza. Kushanda zvisina musoro kwemuKatorike pakuverenga naMwari kwakaonekwawo mukushanda paNinth Symphony - achizvitsaurira kuna Mwari pachine nguva (chiitiko chakasiyana!), Bruckner akanamata achiti: “Mwari anodiwa, regai ndipore nekukurumidza! Tarisai, ndinofanira kunge ndiri mutano kuti ndipedze Yepfumbamwe!

Muteereri aripo anokwezvwa netarisiro inoshamisa yeunyanzvi hwaBruckner, iyo inodzokera kumufananidzo we "inonzwika cosmos". Mafungu ane simba akavakwa neunyanzvi husingaenzaniswi anoshanda senzira yekuzadzisa chifananidzo ichi, achivavarira kune apotheosis inopedzisa symphony, zvakanaka (semuEighth) inounganidza madingindira ayo ese. Tarisiro iyi inosiyanisa Bruckner kubva kune venguva yake uye inopa zvisikwa zvake chirevo chekufananidzira - zvimiro zvechiyeuchidzo kumweya usingazununguki wemunhu.

G. Pantielev

Austria yagara yakakurumbira nekuda kwetsika yakagadziridzwa yesymphonic. Nekuda kwemamiriro enzvimbo uye ezvematongerwo enyika, guta guru resimba guru reEurope rakapfumisa ruzivo rwaro rwehunyanzvi nekutsvaga kwevanyori veCzech, Italy neNorth Germany. Pasi pesimba repfungwa dzeChiedza, pahwaro hwemarudzi mazhinji, chikoro cheViennese chekirasi chakaumbwa, vamiriri vakakura avo muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX vaive Haydn naMozart. Akaunza rukova rutsva kuEuropean symphonism German Beethoven. kufemerwa nemazano ChiFrench Revolution, zvisinei, akatanga kugadzira symphonic mabasa chete pashure agara muguta guru Austria (yekutanga Symphony yakanyorwa muVienna muna 1800). Schubert pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX akabatanidzwa mubasa rake - nechekare kubva pamaonero erudo - kubudirira kwepamusoro kwechikoro cheViennese symphony.

Ipapo kwakauya makore okudavidza. Unyanzvi hweAustria hwaive hudiki - hwakatadza kupindura kuzvinhu zvakakosha zvenguva yedu. Waltz yemazuva ese, yehunyanzvi hwese hwekumisikidzwa kwayo mumhanzi waStrauss, yakatsiva iyo symphony.

A new wave of social and culture upsurge yakabuda mu50s and 60s. Panguva ino, Brahms yakanga yatama kubva kuchamhembe kweGermany kuenda kuVienna. Uye, sezvazvakanga zvakaita naBeethoven, Brahms yakashandurawo kune symphonic kusika zvakananga pavhu reAustria (yekutanga Symphony yakanyorwa muVienna muna 1874-1876). Sezvo akadzidza zvakawanda kubva kumitambo yemimhanzi yeViennese, iyo isina zvishoma yakabatsira pakuvandudzwa kwavo, zvakadaro akaramba ari mumiririri. German unyanzvi tsika. Chaizvoizvo Austrian Muimbi akaenderera mberi mumunda we symphony zvakaitwa naSchubert pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX kune unyanzvi hwemimhanzi hweRussia aive Anton Bruckner, ane kukura kwekugadzira kwakauya mumakumi emakore apfuura ezana ramakore.

Schubert naBruckner - mumwe nomumwe nenzira yakasiyana, maererano netarenda yavo yega uye nguva yavo - vakaratidza maitiro akanyanya eAustria symphonism. Chokutanga pane zvose, zvinosanganisira: hukama hwakasimba, hwevhu nehupenyu hwakapoteredza (kunyanya kumaruwa), hunoratidzwa mukushandiswa kwakapfuma kwenziyo uye kutamba mazwi uye rhythms; chido chekufungisisa kwerwiyo, nekupenya kwakajeka kwe "kunzwisisa" kwemweya - izvi, zvakare, zvinopa mukana we "kupfava" mharidzo kana, uchishandisa kutaura kunozivikanwa kwaSchumann, "kureba kwehumwari"; nzvimbo yakakosha yekuchengetera rondedzero yemahara epic, iyo, zvisinei, inovhiringwa nedutu chizaruro chemanzwiro anoshamisa.

Kune zvakare zvimwe zvakafanana mune yako biography. Vese vari vaviri vanobva kumhuri yevarimi. Vanababa vavo vadzidzisi vekumaruwa vaida kuti vana vavo vaite basa rimwe chete. Vose Schubert naBruckner vakakura uye vakakura sevanyori, vachigara munharaunda yevanhuwo zvavo, uye vakanyatsozviratidza mukukurukurirana navo. Chinhu chakakosha chekurudziro chaivewo chisikwa - masango emakomo ane madhamu akawanda anoyevedza. Pakupedzisira, vose vari vaviri vairarama chete nokuda kwemimhanzi uye nokuda kwemimhanzi, vachigadzira zvakananga, pane kungofunga pane kukumbira kwechikonzero.

Asi, hongu, ivo vakapatsanurwawo nekusiyana kwakasiyana, kunyanya nekuda kwekufamba kwenhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwetsika dzeAustria. "Patriarchal" Vienna, mumatare echiphilistine ayo Schubert akadzvinyirirwa, akashanduka kuva guta guru rehurumende - guta guru reAustria-Hungary, rakabvarurwa nekukakavadzana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Dzimwe pfungwa dzisiri dzenguva yaSchubert dzakaiswa pamberi nemazuva ano pamberi paBruckner - semuimbi mukuru, aingokwanisa kuzvipindura.

Nzvimbo yemimhanzi iyo Bruckner akashanda nayo yakanga yakasiyanawo. Mukuda kwake ega, kukwevera kuna Bach naBeethoven, ainyanya kufarira chikoro chitsva cheGerman (kupfuura Schumann), Liszt, uye kunyanya Wagner. Nokudaro, zvinowanzoitika kuti kwete chimiro chekufananidzira chete, asiwo mutauro wemimhanzi weBruckner unofanira kunge wakasiyana mukuenzanisa neSchubert's. Musiyano uyu wakagadzirwa nemazvo naII Sollertinsky: "Bruckner ndiSchubert, akapfeka ganda rekurira kwendarira, akaomeswa nezvinhu zveBach's polyphony, chimiro chinosiririsa chezvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zveBeethoven's Ninth Symphony uye Wagner's "Tristan" kuwirirana.

"Schubert wehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX" ndiyo inowanzonzi Bruckner. Pasinei nekubata kwayo, tsananguro iyi, semumwe kuenzanisa kwekufananidzira, haisati yakwanisa kupa pfungwa yakakwana yezvakakosha zvekusika kwaBruckner. Izvo zvakanyanya kupesana kupfuura Schubert's, nekuti mumakore apo maitiro echokwadi akasimbiswa mune dzinoverengeka zvikoro zvemimhanzi muEurope (kutanga pane zvese, hongu, tinorangarira chikoro cheRussia!), Bruckner akaramba ari muimbi werudo, mu vane maonero enyika anofambira mberi akanga akabatana nezvisaririra zvekare. Zvakangodaro, basa rake munhoroondo yesymphony rakakura kwazvo.

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Anton Bruckner akaberekwa musi waSeptember 4, 1824 mumusha uri pedyo neLinz, guta guru reUpper (kureva, kuchamhembe) Austria. Hudiki hwakapfuura mukushaiwa: muimbi weramangwana aive mukuru pakati pevana gumi nemumwe vemudzidzisi wemumusha ane mwero, ane nguva yekuzorora yakashongedzwa nemimhanzi. Kubvira achiri muduku, Anton akabatsira baba vake kuchikoro, uye akavadzidzisa kuridza piyano uye violin. Panguva imwecheteyo, pakanga pane makirasi pachirongwa - chiridzwa chaAnton chaidiwa.

Pazera remakore gumi nematatu, arasikirwa nababa vake, aifanira kurarama hupenyu hwekushanda akazvimirira: Anton akava muimbi wekwaya yeimba yemamongi yeSt. Florian, pasina nguva akapinda makosi aidzidzisa vadzidzisi vevanhu. Pazera remakore gumi nemanomwe, basa rake mumunda uyu rinotanga. Mukukwana uye kutanga chete ndiye anokwanisa kuita mimhanzi; asi mazororo akazvipira zvachose kwaari: mudzidzisi wechidiki anopedza maawa gumi pazuva ari piyano, achidzidza mabasa eBach, uye anotamba nhengo kwemaawa matatu. Anoedza ruoko rwake pakuumba.

Muna 1845, apedza miedzo yakatemwa, Bruckner akawana nzvimbo yekudzidzisa muSt. Florian - muimba yemamongi, iri pedyo neLinz, kwaakambodzidza iye pachake. Akaitawo mabasa emuimbi uye, achishandisa raibhurari yakakura yaivako, akavandudza ruzivo rwake rwemimhanzi. Zvisinei, upenyu hwake hwakanga husingafadzi. “Handina kana munhu mumwe chete wandingataurira mwoyo wangu kwaari,” akanyora kudaro Bruckner. “Imba yedu yemamongi haikendengi nziyo uye, nokudaro, kuvaimbi. Handikwanise kufara pano uye hapana anofanira kuziva nezvezvirongwa zvangu. Kwemakore gumi (1845-1855) Bruckner aigara muSt. Florian. Munguva iyi akanyora mabhuku anopfuura makumi mana. (Mumakore gumi apfuura (1835-1845) - anenge gumi.) — kwaya, ogani, piyano nezvimwe. Zvakawanda zvacho zvaiitirwa muhoro hombe, yakashongedzwa zvakapfuma yechechi yemamongi. Kuvandudzwa kwemuimbi wechidiki paogani kwaive nemukurumbira.

Muna 1856 Bruckner akadanwa kuLinz sechechi yechechi. Pano akagara kwemakore gumi nemaviri (1856-1868). Dzidzo yechikoro yapera - kubva zvino zvichienda mberi unogona kuzvipira zvachose kumumhanzi. Nekushinga kusingawanzo, Bruckner anozvipira kudzidza dzidziso yekuumbwa (kuwirirana uye counterpoint), achisarudza semudzidzisi wake ane mukurumbira Viennese theorist Simon Zechter. Pamirayiridzo yekupedzisira, anonyora makomo emapepa emimhanzi. Pane imwe nguva, agamuchira chimwe chikamu chezviitwa zvakapedzwa, Zechter akamupindura kuti: “Ndakatarisa mumabhuku enyu gumi namanomwe pamativi maviri uye ndakashamiswa nokushingaira kwenyu uye kubudirira kwenyu. Asi kuti uchengetedze hutano hwako, ndinokumbira kuti uzvipe zororo ... ndinomanikidzwa kutaura izvi, nekuti kusvika parizvino handisati ndave nemudzidzi akaenzana newe mukushingaira. (Nenzira, mudzidzi uyu aive nemakore angangoita makumi matatu nemashanu panguva iyoyo!)

Muna 1861, Bruckner akapasa bvunzo mukutamba organ uye zvidzidzo zvetioretical paVienna Conservatory, zvakamutsa kuyemurwa kwevaongorori netarenda rake rekuita uye hunyanzvi hwekuita. Kubva mugore rimwe chete, kujairana kwake nemaitiro matsva muunyanzvi hwemimhanzi kunotanga.

Kana Sechter akarera Bruckner se theorist, zvino Otto Kitzler, Linz theatre conductor uye muimbi, anoyemura Schumann, Liszt, Wagner, akakwanisa kutungamira iyi yakakosha ruzivo rwedzidziso muchikamu chemazuva ano chekutsvagisa kwehunyanzvi. (Asati adaro, kuzivana kwaBruckner nenziyo dzorudo kwakanga kwakaganhurirwa kuna Schubert, Weber naMendelssohn.) Kitzler aidavira kuti zvaizotora anenge makore maviri kuti azivise mudzidzi wake, uyo akanga ava pedyo namakore makumi mana, kwavari. Asi mwedzi gumi nemapfumbamwe yakapfuura, uye zvakare kushingaira kwakanga kusingaenzaniswi: Bruckner akadzidza zvakakwana zvose izvo mudzidzisi wake aiva nazvo. Makore akareba ekudzidza akange apera - Bruckner akange atove atonyanya kuzvivimba achitsvaga nzira dzake muhunyanzvi.

Izvi zvakabatsirwa nekuzivana naWagnerian operas. Nyika itsva yakazarukira Bruckner mumapoka akawanda eThe Flying Dutchman, Tannhäuser, Lohengrin, uye muna 1865 akapinda mutambo wokutanga weTristan muMunich, kwaakatanga kushamwaridzana naWagner, waakanamata. Misangano yakadaro yakaenderera mberi - Bruckner akavarangarira nemufaro. (Wagner akamubata nerunyararo uye muna 1882 akati: "Ndinoziva mumwe chete anosvika Beethoven (yakanga iri nezve symphonic basa. - MD), uyu ndiBruckner ...".). Mumwe anogona kufungidzira nekushamisika kwakachinja mimhanzi yakajairika, akatanga kujairana nekupfuura kwaTannhäuser, uko nziyo dzekwaya dzaizivikanwa naBruckner semuimbi wechechi dzakawana ruzha rutsva, uye simba ravo rakazopesana. runako rwemumhanzi unoratidza Venus Grotto! ..

MuLinz, Bruckner akanyora pamusoro pemabasa makumi mana, asi vavariro dzavo dzakakura kupfuura zvaive mumabasa akagadzirwa muSt. Florian. Muna 1863 na1864 akapedza masimphoni maviri (mu f minor na d minor), kunyange zvazvo akazoramba akaomerera pakuaita. Nhamba yekutanga seriyoni Bruckner akasarudza symphony inotevera mu c-moll (1865-1866). Panzira, muna 1864-1867, mazana matatu makuru akanyorwa - d-moll, e-moll uye f-moll (iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo inonyanya kukosha).

Concert yekutanga yaBruckner yakaitika muLinz muna 1864 uye yakabudirira zvikuru. Zvaiita sekuti zvino panouya shanduko mune ramangwana rake. Asi izvozvo hazvina kuitika. Uye makore matatu gare gare, munyori anowira mukuora mwoyo, iyo inoperekedzwa nehosha huru yekutya. Muna 1868 chete akakwanisa kubuda mupurovhinzi yepurovhinzi - Bruckner akatamira kuVienna, kwaakagara kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva ake kweanopfuura chikamu chechina chezana remakore. Aya ndiwo mafambiro azvinoita chetatu nguva mune yake yekusika biography.

Chiitiko chisina kumboitika munhoroondo yemimhanzi - chete nepakati pemakore makumi mana ehupenyu hwake muiti anozviwana zvizere! Mushure mezvose, makore gumi akapedza muSt. Florian anogona kungoonekwa sekutanga kwekutya kuratidzwa kwetarenda risati rakura. Makore gumi nemaviri muLinz - makore ekudzidzira basa, kugona kwekutengesa, kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi. Pakazosvika makore makumi mana, Bruckner akanga asati agadzira chero chinhu chinokosha. Iyo inonyanya kukosha ndeye kuvandudzwa kwenhengo yakaramba isina kunyorwa. Iye zvino, mhizha ine mwero yakangoerekana yashanduka kuita tenzi, yakapihwa yakasarudzika yepakutanga, yepakutanga fungidziro yekugadzira.

Zvisinei, Bruckner akakokwa kuVienna kwete semunyori, asi semuongorori uye theorist, uyo aigona kutsiva zvakakwana mushakabvu Sechter. Anomanikidzwa kupa nguva yakawanda kumimhanzi pedagogy - inokwana maawa makumi matatu pavhiki. (KuVienna Conservatory, Bruckner akadzidzisa makirasi mukuwirirana (general bass), counterpoint uye organ; paTeachers' Institute akadzidzisa piyano, ogani uye kuwirirana; kuyunivhesiti - kuwirirana uye counterpoint; muna 1880 akagamuchira zita rehupurofesa. Pakati pevadzidzi vaBruckner - vakazova kondakita A Nikish, F. Mottl, vakoma I. naF. Schalk, F. Loewe, vanoridza piyano F. Eckstein naA. Stradal, nyanzvi dzemimhanzi G. Adler naE. Decey, G. Wolf naG G. Mahler akanga ari pedyo naBruckner kwenguva yakati.) Nguva yake yese anopedza achigadzira mimhanzi. Munguva yezororo, anoshanyira nzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzeUpper Austria, dzinomuda kwazvo. Dzimwe nguva anofamba kunze kwenyika yake: semuenzaniso, mumakore ekuma70 akafamba semuimbi nekubudirira kukuru muFrance (apo chete Cesar Franck anogona kukwikwidzana naye muunyanzvi hwekuvandudza!), London neBerlin. Asi haakwezwki nehupenyu hwakabatikana hweguta hombe, haatomboshanyire mabhaisikopo, anogara akavharwa uye akasurukirwa.

Uyu muimbi akazvinyura aifanira kusangana nematambudziko mazhinji muVienna: nzira yekuzivikanwa semuimbi yaive neminzwa yakanyanya. Akanyombwa naEduard Hanslik, chiremera chisingarambiki chemimhanzi-chinokosha cheVienna; iyo yekupedzisira yakatsinhirwa nevatsoropodzi vetabloid. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti kushora kwaWagner kwaive kwakasimba pano, nepo kunamatwa kweBrahms kwaionekwa sechiratidzo chekunaka. Nekudaro, anonyara uye ane mwero Bruckner haachinjiki muchinhu chimwe - mukunamatira kwake kuna Wagner. Uye akava nyajambwa wehasha dzinotyisa pakati pe "Brahmins" nevaWagnerian. Chete chido chinopfuurira, chakarerwa nekushingaira, chakabatsira Bruckner kurarama mukurwisana kwehupenyu.

Mamiriro acho akawedzera kuoma nokuti Bruckner akashanda mundima imwe chete iyo Brahms akawana mukurumbira. Nekusagadzikana kusingawanzo, akanyora imwe symphony mushure meimwe: kubva kune Yechipiri kusvika kune yepfumbamwe, ndiko kuti, akasika mabasa ake akanakisa kweanenge makore makumi maviri muVienna. (Pakazara, Bruckner akanyora anopfuura makumi matatu emabasa muVienna (kunyanya mune yakakura fomu).. Kukwikwidza kwakadaro kwekugadzira neBrahms kwakakonzera kurwiswa kwakanyanya kwaari kubva kumatunhu ane simba enharaunda yemimhanzi yeViennese. (Brahms naBruckner vainzvenga misangano yavo pachavo, vaibata basa romumwe nomumwe noruvengo. Brahms akadana nziyo dzaBruckner kuti “nyoka huru” nokuda kwehurefu hwadzo hukuru, uye akati chero waltz yakaitwa naJohann Strauss yaidiwa zvikuru kwaari kupfuura mabhuku aBrahms esymphonic (kunyangwe aitaura. netsitsi nezve koniti yake yekutanga piyano).

Hazvishamisi kuti vatungamiri venguva iyoyo vakaramba kubatanidza mabhuku aBruckner muzvirongwa zvavo zvekonzati, kunyanya pashure pokunge akundikana zvinofadza zveThird Symphony yake muna 1877. Somugumisiro, kwemakore akawanda munyori wacho akanga atova kure nemuimbi wechidiki aifanira kumirira kusvikira apedza. aigona kunzwa mumhanzi wake muruzha rweokestra. Saka, Yekutanga Symphony yakaitwa muVienna makore makumi maviri nemashanu chete mushure mekupedzwa kwayo nemunyori, Yechipiri yakamirira makore makumi maviri nemaviri ekuita kwayo, Yetatu (mushure mekukundikana) - gumi nematatu, Yechina - gumi nematanhatu, Yechishanu - makumi maviri nematatu, reChitanhatu - makore gumi nemasere. Kuchinja kwekupedzisira kwaBruckner kwakauya muna 1884 maererano nekuita kweSeventh Symphony pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaArthur Nikisch - kubwinya kunosvika kumunyori wemakore makumi matanhatu.

Makumi gumi ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwaBruckner akaratidzirwa nekuwedzera kufarira basa rake. (Zvisinei, nguva yekunyatsozivikanwa kwaBruckner haisati yasvika. Zvakakosha, somuenzaniso, kuti muhupenyu hwake hwose hwakareba akanzwa makumi maviri neshanu chete kuita kwemabasa ake makuru.). Asi kuchembera kwava kusvika, kukurumidza kwebasa kunoderera. Kubva pakutanga kwe90s, hutano hwave huchiderera - dropsy iri kuwedzera. Bruckner anofa Gumiguru 11, 1896.

M. Druskin

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