Theatre music |

theatre music — mimhanzi yekutamba mumadhirama. theatre, mukubatanidza nemamwe marudzi e-art-va anotora chikamu muchikuva. mufananidzo wemutambo. Mimhanzi inogona kupihwa nemunyori wemitambo, uye zvino zviri, sekutonga, zvinokurudzirwa nechirongwa uye hazvipfuuri marudzi emazuva ese (zviratidzo, fanfare, nziyo, march, kutamba). Muses. Zvikamu zvinounzwa mukuitwa pakukumbirwa kwemutungamiriri nemunyori zvinowanzova nehunhu hwakanyanya uye hunogona kunge husina chinangwa chekukurudzira. T.m. munyori wemitambo anoshanda. chinhu chehukuru hwesemantic uye yekugadzira kukosha; iye anokwanisa kugadzira mamiriro emanzwiro, kusimbisa DOS. pfungwa yemutambo (semuenzaniso, Beethoven's Victorious Symphony mumhanzi wemutambo Egmont naGoethe, mimhanzi yeMozart's Requiem muPushkin's Mozart naSalieri), tsanangura nguva nenzvimbo yechiito, ratidza hunhu, pesvedzero. iyo tempo uye rhythm yekuita, simbisa chikuru . culmination, kupa kubatana pakuita nerubatsiro rwekuburikidza nezwi. budiriro uye keynotes. Maererano nebasa remunyori wemitambo, mimhanzi inogona kuenderana nezviri kuitika pachikuva (makonzonendi emumhanzi) kana kuti kusiyana nawo. Siyanisa mimhanzi, inotorwa kunze kwenzvimbo yedariro. zviito (kupfuura, kupindira, misoro), uye intrastage. Mimhanzi inogona kunyorerwa kuridza kana kuumbwa nezvimedu zvezviridzwa zvagara zvichizivikanwa. Chiyero chenhamba chakasiyana - kubva kune zvimedu kusvika kune dzakawanda. cycles kana otd. manzwi makuru (anonzi accents) kune mahombe symphonies. episodes. T.m. inopinda muukama hwakaoma nemutambo wemutambo uye kutungamira: munyori anofanira kuenderana nezvinangwa zvake nemhando yemutambo, maitiro emunyori wemitambo, nguva inoitika chiitiko, uye chinangwa chemutungamiriri.

Nhoroondo ye t. m. inodzokera kumarudzi ekare zvikurusa emitambo yemitambo, yakagarwa nhaka kubva kumarudzidziso. zviito zvetsika zvekugadzira kwavo. hunhu. Kumabvazuva kwekare nekare. mutambo wakabatana izwi, mumhanzi, kutamba zvakaenzana. Mune chimwe chiGiriki. nhamo yakakura kubva mudithyramb, muses. hwaro hwaiva kwaya. kuimba pamwe chete kunoperekedzwa nezviridzwa: vachapinda. rwiyo rwekwaya (parod), pakati. nziyo (stasima), inopedzisa. kwaya (eksod), kwaya dzinoperekedza kutamba (emmeley), lyric. nhaurirano-chichemo chemutambi nekwaya (kommos). Classic muIndia. theatre yakatangirwa nemutambo wemimhanzi. mhando dzemibhedha theatre. mitambo: lila (mumhanzi-kutamba mutambo), katakali (pantomime), yakshagana (musanganiswa wekutamba, nhaurirano, kudzokorora, kuimba), nezvimwe. Gare gare ind. theatre yakachengeta mimhanzi uye kutamba. muzvarirwo. Munhoroondo ye whale theatre iyo inotungamira basa zvakare ndeye yakasanganiswa theatrical-muses. vamiririri; mubatanidzwa wemimhanzi uye mutambo unoitwa nenzira yakasarudzika mune imwe yemitambo inotungamira. mhando dzeMiddle Ages - zaju. Muzaju, chiitiko chacho chaive chakatarisana nemunhu mumwe chete, aiita mavara akati wandei muchiito chega chega. arias kunziyo dzakakosha dzakanyoreswa kune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Arias yerudzi urwu inguva dzehuwandu, huwandu hwemanzwiro. voltage. MuJapan, kubva kumhando dzekare dzemitambo. zvinomiririra zvinomira zvakanyanya bugaku (8th century) - predv. mitambo nemimhanzi yegagaku (ona mimhanzi yechiJapani). Basa rinokosha rinoridzwawo nemimhanzi mumitambo yemitambo noh (kubva muzana remakore rechi14 kusvika ku15), joruri (kubva muzana remakore rechi16), uye kabuki (kubva muzana remakore rechi17). Hapana mitambo inovakwa pahwaro hwedeclamatory-melodious ine mataurirwo akadhonzwa echinyorwa neizwi chairo. chitambi. Kwaya inotaura nezvechiito, inoitisa nhaurirano, inorondedzera, inoperekedza kutamba. Nhanganyaya inziyo dzekudzungaira (miyuki), pakupera kutamba kwekufungisisa (yugen) kunoitwa. In joruri - chiJapan chekare. puppet theatre - muimbi-munyori anoperekedza pantomime nechant, mumweya we nar. epic tale nekurondedzera kune kuperekedza shamisen. Munhandare yekabuki, chinyorwa chinoimbwawo, uye mutambo wacho unoperekedzwa nenar orchestra. zvishandiso. Mimhanzi yakanangana nekuita inonzi "degatari" mu kabuki uye inoitwa pachikuva; zvinonzwika (genza ongaku) ​​zvinofananidzira kurira uye zviitiko zvechisikigo (kurova kwezvigubhu kunoburitsa ruzha rwemvura kana kunaya kwemvura, kumwe kugogodza kunoratidza kuti kwaita chando, kurohwa kwemapuranga kunoreva kutaridzika kwe mwedzi, nezvimwewo), uye vaimbi - vaimbi vanoiswa kuseri kwechidzitiro chematanda e bamboo. Pakutanga uye pakupera kwemutambo, chigubhu chikuru (mimhanzi yemhemberero) inonzwika, kana chidzitiro chinosimudzwa uye chichideredzwa, bhodhi "ki" inoridzwa, mimhanzi inokosha inoridzwa panguva ye "seriage" - nzvimbo. anosimudzwa pachikuva. Mimhanzi inoita basa rinokosha mu kabuki. kuperekedza pantomime (dammari) uye kutamba.

MuMiddle Ages. Zap. Europe, iripi theatre. nhaka yekare yakaregererwa, prof. drama rakagadzirwa. arr. maererano nemhosva yechechi. Muzana remakore rechi9-13. mumachechi echiKaturike, vafundisi vairidza pamberi peatari. mitambo yechitendero; muzana remakore rechi14-15. mutambo uyu wakakura ukava chakavanzika nenhaurirano dzaiitwa kunze kwetemberi panguva yenyika. mitauro. Munharaunda yenyika, mimhanzi yainzwika panguva yekuuya. mitambo, midungwe yemasikirini, nar. zvinomiririra. Kubva kuna prof. mimhanzi yeMiddle Ages yenyika. Zviitwa zvakachengetedza Adam de la Halle's "Mutambo waRobin naMarion", umo nhamba dzenziyo diki (virele, ballads, rondo) dzinochinjana, wok. nhaurirano, kutamba ne instr. escort.

MuRenaissance, Western-European. unyanzvi hwakatendeukira kune tsika dzekare. theatre; Nhamo, kusetsa, hufundisi zvakabudirira paivhu idzva. Kazhinji ivo vaiitirwa mitambo yakaisvonaka. mapindiro edimikira. uye mythological. zvemukati, zvinosanganisira wok. nhamba dzemadrigal style nemadhanzi (Chintio's play “Orbecchi” with music by A. della Viola, 1541; “Trojanki” by Dolce with music by C. Merulo, 1566; “Oedipus” by Giustiniani with music by A. Gabrieli, 1585 "Aminta" naTasso nemimhanzi yaC. Monteverdi, 1628). Munguva iyi, mimhanzi (recitatives, arias, kutamba) yaiwanzonzwika panguva yekuuya. masquerades, mafambiro emitambo (somuenzaniso, muItaly Canti, Trionfi). Muzana ramakore rechi 16 zvichibva pamaporigoni. madrigal style yakamuka yakakosha synthetic. rudzi - madrigal comedy.

Chirungu chakava chimwe chezvikamu zvakakosha munhoroondo yaT. m. theatre 16th century Thanks kuna W. Shakespeare nevamwe venguva yake - vanyori vemitambo F. Beaumont uye J. Fletcher – muchirungu. theatre yenguva yeElizabethan yakagadzira tsika dzakagadzikana dzezvinonzi. mimhanzi yechiitiko - diki plug-in muses. nhamba, dzakabatanidzwa mumutambo. Mitambo yaShakespeare yakazara nemashoko emunyori ayo anoraira kuitwa kwenziyo, mabharadhi, matambiro, midungwe, kukwazisa mafani, zviratidzo zvehondo, nezvimwe. Mimhanzi yakawanda uye zvikamu zvematambudziko ake anoita iyo inonyanya kukosha dramaturgy. basa (nziyo dzaOphelia naDesdemona, mafaro emariro muHamlet, Coriolanus, Henry VI, anotamba pabhora reCapulet muRomeo naJuliet). Zvigadzirwa zvenguva ino zvinoratidzwa nehuwandu hwemitambo yemhanzi. mhedzisiro, kusanganisira yakasarudzika sarudzo yezviridzwa zvinoenderana nechikuva. mamiriro ezvinhu: munhanganyaya nenhanganyaya, manyawi ainzwika apo vanhu vepamusoro-soro vakabuda, apo ngirozi, zvipoko, uye zvimwe zvisikwa zvisingaoneki. masimba - mabhosvo, muzviitiko zvehondo - ngoma, mumifananidzo yevafudzi - oboe, mumifananidzo yerudo - nyere, munzvimbo dzekuvhima - nyanga, mumariro - trombone, lyric. nziyo dzaiperekedzwa nembira. Mu "Globe" t-re, kunze kwemimhanzi yakapiwa nemunyori, pakanga pane sumo, mapindiro, kazhinji rugwaro rwacho rwaitaurirwa kumberi kwemimhanzi (melodrama). Mimhanzi yakaridzwa mumitambo yaShakespeare munguva yeupenyu hwemunyori haina kuchengetedzwa; zvinozivikanwa nenganonyorwa dzechiRungu chete. vanyori venguva yekudzorera (hafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechipiri). Panguva iyi, heroic yaitonga yemitambo. drama uye mask. Zviitwa mumhando yehugamba. mitambo yakazadzwa nenziyo; chirevo chemashoko chaingobatanidza miziyamu pamwe chete. zvinhu. Iyo mask yakatanga kuEngland mu con. Muzana ramakore rechi 17, mukati moKuchinja, rakapinda munzvimbo yemitambo yavose, richichengeta chimiro chinoshamisa chakasiyana. Muzana remakore rechi16 mumweya wemasiki, akawanda akagadzirwazve. Mitambo yaShakespeare ("The Tempest" nemimhanzi yaJ. Banister uye M. Locke, "The Fairy Queen" yakavakirwa pa "A Midsummer Night's Dream" uye "The Tempest" nemimhanzi yaG. Purcell). Chiitiko chakatanhamara muChirungu. T. m. yenguva ino ibasa raG. Purcell. Mazhinji emabasa ake ndeemunda weT. m., zvisinei, vazhinji vavo, nekuda kwekuzvimirira kwemuses. dramaturgy uye mhando yepamusoro-soro yemimhanzi yava kusvika kune opera (Muporofita, The Fairy Queen, The Tempest, uye mamwe mabasa anonzi semi-operas). Gare gare muChirungu ivhu rakagadzira mutsva wekugadzira. mhando - ballad opera. Vagadziri vayo J. Gay uye J. Pepusch akavaka dramaturgy yavo "Opera of the Beggars" (17) pakuchinjana kwezviitiko zvekukurukurirana nenziyo muNar. mweya. KuChirungu. drama inodhirowewawo naG. F.

MuSpain, nhanho yekutanga yekuvandudza nat. classical drama inobatanidzwa nemhando dzerappresentationes (zvinoitwa zvinoera), pamwe chete nemaeclogues (idyll yevafudzi) uye farce - yakasanganiswa yemitambo uye muses. prod. nekuitwa kwenziyo, kudzokororwa kwenhetembo, kutamba, tsika dzadzo dzakapfuuridzirwa mumazarzuelas. Zviitwa zvemutambi mukuru weSpanish zvakabatana nebasa mumhando idzi. mudetembi uye comp. X. del Encina (1468-1529). Mu 2nd floor. 16th-17th mazana emakore mumadhirama eLope de Vega naP. Calderon, kwaya uye divertissements ye ballet yakaitwa.

MuFrance, kudzokorora, kwaya, instr. zvikamu zvezviitiko zvechinyakare zvenhamo zvaJ. Racine naP. Corneille zvakanyorwa naM. Charpentier, JB Moreau nevamwe. Basa rakabatana raJB Molière naJB Lully, vakagadzira rudzi rwakavhenganiswa - comedy-ballet (" Kuroorana nekuzvidira", "Princess waElis", "Mr. de Pursonyak", "Georges Dandin", nezvimwewo). Nhaurirano dzenhaurirano dzinochinjana pano nedzekudzokorodza, arias, kutamba. kubuda (entrées) mutsika yeFrench. adv. ballet (ballet de cour) 1st floor. 17th century

Muzana remakore rechi18 muFrance, chigadzirwa chekutanga chakaonekwa. mumhando ye melodrama - lyric. dariro "Pygmalion" naRousseau, yakaitwa muna 1770 nemimhanzi yaO. Coignet; yakateverwa ne melodramas Ariadne auf Naxos (1774) uye Pygmalion (1779) naVenda, Sofonisba naNefe (1782), Semiramide naMozart (1778; isina kuchengetedzwa), Orpheus naFomin (1791), Matsi uye Mupemhi (1802) ) uye The Mystery (1807) naHolcroft.

Kusvikira pa2nd floor. Mumhanzi wezana ramakore rechi 18 weiyo theatre. mitambo yaiwanzova nekubatana kwakanyanya nezviri mumutambo uye yaigona kutamiswa zvakasununguka kubva pane chimwe chiitiko ichienda pane chimwe. Muimbi weGermany uye munyori wedzidziso I. Scheibe mu“Critischer Musicus” (1737-40), uye ipapo G. Lessing mu“Hamburg Dramaturgy” (1767-69) akaisa mberi zvinodikanwa zvitsva nokuda kwedariro. music. "Simphony yekutanga inofanira kunge yakabatana nemutambo wose, kupindira nekuguma kwekare uye kutanga kwechiito chinotevera ..., symphony yekupedzisira nekuguma kwemutambo ... Zvakakosha kuyeuka unhu hwe. protagonist uye pfungwa huru yemutambo uye kutungamirirwa navo pakuumba mimhanzi "(I. Sheibe). “Sezvo orchestra iri mumitambo Yedu neimwe nzira ichitsiva kwaya yekare, nyanzvi dzakataura kwenguva refu chishuwo chekuti mhando yemimhanzi … ienderane nezviri mumitambo, mutambo woga woga unoda mumhanzi wakasarudzika wega” (G. Kuderedza). T.m. Nenguva isipi yakaonekwa mumweya wezvitsva zvinodiwa, kusanganisira izvo zveViennese classics - WA Mozart (yemutambo "Tamos, King of Egypt" naGebler, 1779) naJ. Haydn (yemutambo "Alfred, kana Mambo-patriot” Bicknell, 1796); Zvakadaro, mhanzi yaL. Beethoven yaienda kuna Goethe's Egmont (1810) yakave nepesvedzero huru pane imwezve magumo enhandare, inova mhando yetiyetera iyo inowanzoburitsa zviri mukati menguva dzakakosha dzemutambo. Kukosha kwehukuru-hukuru, hwakakwana mufomu symphonies yakawedzera. episode (overture, intermissions, finale), iyo inogona kupatsanurwa kubva pakuita uye kuitwa pakupera. dariro (mimhanzi ye "Egmont" inosanganisirawo Goethe's "Songs of Clerchen", melodramas "Death of Clerchen", "Egmont's Dream").

T.m. 19th century. yakagadziridzwa munzira yakatsanangurwa naBeethoven, asi mumamiriro eiyo aesthetics yerudo. Pakati pezvigadzirwa 1st floor. Mumhanzi wezana ramakore rechi 19 naF. Schubert kuna “Rosamund” naG. von Chezy (1823), naC. Weber ku “Turandot” naGozzi rakashandurwa naF. Schiller (1809) uye “Preziosa” naWolf (1821), naF. .Mendelssohn ku“Ruy Blas” rakanyorwa naHugo , “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” rakanyorwa naShakespeare (1843), “Oedipus in Colon” ​​uye “Atalia” rakanyorwa naRacine (1845), R. Schumann kuna “Manfred” Byron (1848-51) . Basa rakakosha rinopihwa mimhanzi muGoethe's Faust. Munyori anonyora nhamba huru yewoks. uye instr. makamuri - makwaya, nziyo, kutamba, kufamba, mimhanzi yechiitiko muchechi uye Walpurgis Night, mauto. mimhanzi yenzvimbo yehondo. Zvizhinji zvinoreva. mimhanzi inoshanda, iyo pfungwa yeiyo inobatanidzwa neGoethe's Faust, ndeyeG. Berlioz ("Masere masere kubva? Faust", 1829, akazoshandurwa kuita oratorio "Kutongwa kweFaust"). Mienzaniso yakajeka yegenre-domestic nat. T.m. 19th century. - "Peer Gynt" naGrieg (kumutambo waG. Ibsen, 1874-75) uye "Arlesian" naBizet (kumutambo waA. Daudet, 1872).

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19-20. mukuenda kuna T.m. maitiro matsva akatsanangurwa. Vatungamiriri vakatanhamara venguva ino (KS Stanislavsky, VE Meyerhold, G. Craig, O. Falkenberg, nezvimwewo) vakasiya mimhanzi ye conc. mhando, yaida mavara akakosha eruzha, zviridzwa zvisina kujairika, organic kubatanidzwa kwemuses. drama episode. Iyo theatre yemutungamiriri panguva ino yakaunza hupenyu hutsva hwemitambo. munyori, achifunga kwete chete zvakananga zvemutambo, asiwo maitiro ekugadzirwa uku. Muzana remakore rechi20 maitiro e2 anopindirana, achiunza mimhanzi pedyo nemutambo; yekutanga yavo inoratidzirwa nekusimbiswa kwebasa remimhanzi mumutambo. kuita (kuedzwa kwaK. Orff, B. Brecht, vazhinji vanyori vemimhanzi), yechipiri yakabatana neatricalization yemamusi. genres (stage cantatas by Orff, The Wedding by Stravinsky, theatrical oratorios by A. Honegger, etc.). Kutsvaga mafomu matsva ekubatanidza mimhanzi nedhirama kazhinji kunotungamira mukugadzirwa kweakakosha syntheses. mitambo yemitambo uye yemimhanzi ("Nyaya yeMurwi" naStravinsky "ngano inofanira kuverengwa, kuridzwa uye kutamba", "Oedipus Rex" yake opera-oratorio ine muverengi, "Clever Girl" naOrff inyanzvi. opera ine mifananidzo mikuru yekurukurirano), pamwe nekumutsidzirwa kwemhando dzekare dzekugadzira. theatre: yekare. ngwavaira ("Antigone" uye "Oedipus" naOrff nekuyedza kudzoreredza nesainzi nzira yekududza rugwaro mutheater yekare yechiGiriki), madrigal comedy ("Tale" naStravinsky, chikamu "Catulli Carmina" naOrff), pakati- zana remakore. zvakavanzika ("Kumuka kwaKristu" naOrff, "Joan weArc ari padanda" naHonegger), liturgical. madhirama (mienzaniso "Bako Chiito", "Mwanakomana Akarasika", chikamu "Rwizi rweCarlew" naBritten). Mhando ye melodrama inoramba ichikura, ichibatanidza ballet, pantomime, choral uye kuimba solo, melodeclamation (Emmanuel's Salamena, Roussel's The Birth of the World, Onegger's Amphion uye Semiramide, Stravinsky's Persephone).

Vazhinji vaimbi vane mukurumbira vezana ramakore rechi20 vanoshanda zvakanyanya mumhando yeT.m.: muFrance, aya mabasa akabatana. nhengo dze "Vatanhatu" (iyo sketch "The Newlyweds of the Eiffel Tower", 1921, maererano nemunyori wezvinyorwa J. Cocteau - "musanganiswa wenhamo yekare uye yemazuva ano konzati revue, choir uye mimhanzi horo nhamba"). mamwe maitiro akaungana (somuenzaniso, "The Queen Margot" Bourdet nemimhanzi naJ. Ibert, D. Millau, D. Lazarus, J. Auric, A. Roussel) uye yemitambo. prod. Honegger (mimhanzi ye“Dance of Death” yakanyorwa naC. Laronde, mitambo yeBhaibheri inoti “Judith” uye “Mambo Dhavhidhi”, “Antigone” naSophocles, zvichingodaro); theatre muGermany. Mumhanzi waOrff (pamwe nemabasa ataurwa pamusoro apa, komedhi yekuseka The Sly Ones, chinyorwa chine mutinhimira, chichiperekedzwa nemubatanidzwa wezviridzwa zvinoridzwa; mutambo wekugadzira A Midsummer Night's Dream naShakespeare), pamwe nemimhanzi munhandare. naB. Brecht. Muses. kugadzirwa kwemaitiro aBrecht ndiyo imwe yenzira huru yekugadzira mhedzisiro ye "kuparadzaniswa", yakagadzirirwa kuparadza kunyengera kwechokwadi chezviri kuitika pachikuva. Maererano neurongwa hwaBrecht, mimhanzi inofanira kuva nenhamba dzakasimba dzekurambidza, dzemhando yenziyo dzakareruka - zongs, ballads, choirs, dzine chimiro chakaiswa, chinyorwa chezwi chinoburitsa pfungwa yemunyori nenzira yakadzama. Vashandi veGermany vane mukurumbira vakashanda naBrecht. vaimbi - P. Hindemith (An Instructive Play), C. Weil (The Threepenny Opera, Mahagonny Opera sketch), X. Eisler (Amai, Roundheads uye Sharpheads, Galileo Galilei, Dreams Simone Machar" nevamwe), P. Dessau (" Amai Shingai nevana vavo”, “Murume Akanaka anobva kuSezuan”, nezvimwewo).

Pakati pevamwe vanyori veT.m. 19 - 1st floor. Zana remakore rechi20 - J. Sibelius (“Mambo wevaKristu” raPauro, “Pelléas and Mélisande” rakanyorwa naMaeterlinck, “The Tempest” rakanyorwa naShakespeare), K. Debussy (chakavanzika G. D'Annunzio “The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian”) uye R. Strauss (mimhanzi yemutambo waMolière "Mutengesi mumukurumbira" mune imwe nzvimbo yakasununguka yakagadziriswa naG. von Hofmannsthal). Mune 50s - 70s. Muzana remakore rechi20 O. Messiaen akatendeukira kuimba yemitambo (mimhanzi yemutambo "Oedipus" yemafungu eMartenot, 1942), E. Carter (mimhanzi yenhamo yaSophocles "Philoctetes", "The Merchant of Venice" naShakespeare), V. Lutoslavsky ("Macbeth" uye "The Merry Wives of Windsor" Shakespeare, "Sid" Corneille - S. Wyspiansky, "Bloody Wedding" uye "The Wonderful Shoemaker" F. Garcia Lorca, nezvimwewo), vanyori vemagetsi uye kongiri mimhanzi, kusanganisira A. Coge ("Nguva yechando uye inzwi risina munhu" J. Tardieu), A. Thirier ("Scheherazade"), F. Arthuis ("Ruzha rwakakomberedza unhu hunorwisana naJ. Vautier"), nezvimwewo.

Russian T. m. ine nhoroondo refu. Kare, mitambo yenhaurirano yairidzwa nemabhufu yaiperekedzwa ne“nziyo dzemadhimoni”, vachiridza mbira, dhomra, uye nyanga. MuNar. mutambo wakakura kubva mumitambo yebuffoon ("Ataman", "Mavrukh", "Comedy nezve Tsar Maximilian", nezvimwewo), yakanzwika muchiRussian. rwiyo uye instr. music. Mhando yemimhanzi yeOrthodox yakatanga muchechi. zviito zvekunamata - "Kushambidza tsoka", "Chitofu chiito", nezvimwewo (zana remakore rechi15). Mumakore 17-18. hupfumi hwekugadzira mimhanzi hwakasiyana hunonzi. mutambo wechikoro (playwrights - S. Polotsky, F. Prokopovich, D. Rostovsky) nearias, makwaya muchechi. style, piping yenyika, kuchema, instr. nhamba. Comedy Choromina (yakavambwa muna 1672) yakanga ine ochestra huru ine violin, violas, nyere, clarinets, mabhosvo, uye ogani. Kubva panguva yaPetro Mukuru, mhemberero dzakapararira. mitambo yemitambo (prologues, cantatas) zvichienderana nekuchinjana kwemadhirama. mapikicha, nhaurirano, monologues ane arias, kwaya, ballet. Vakuru vekuRussia (OA Kozlovsky, VA Pashkevich) uye vanyori vekuItaly vakabatanidzwa mukugadzira kwavo. Kusvikira muzana remakore rechi19 muRussia pakanga pasina kupatsanurwa mune opera uye mutambo. troupes; zvimwe nekuda kweichi chikonzero panguva ichaenderera mberi. nguva, mhando dzakasanganiswa dzakakunda pano (opera-ballet, vaudeville, komedhi nekwaya, mutambo wemimhanzi, mutambo we "mumhanzi", melodrama, nezvimwewo). Means. basa munhoroondo yeRussia. T.m. akaridza njodzi nemadhirama "pamimhanzi", iyo yakanyanya kugadzirira chiRussia. classical opera muzana remakore rechi19 Mumumhanzi weOA Kozlovsky, EI Fomin, SI Davydov kune njodzi dzekare. uye mythological. nyaya uye Russian. madhirama ekuda nyika naVA Ozerov, Ya. mitambo yezana remakore rechi19 high heroic drama. matambudziko, kuumbwa kwekwaya huru kwakaitika. uye instr. mafomu (makwaya, overtures, intermissions, ballets); mune mamwe maitiro akadai sema operatic mafomu sekudzokorora, aria, rwiyo rwakashandiswa. Russian features. nat. masitayera anonyanya kujeka mumakwaya (semuenzaniso, muNatalya the Boyar's Daughter naSN Glinka nemimhanzi naAN Titov); symp. Zvikamu zvinopindirana netsika dzeViennese classic. chikoro uye rudo rwekutanga.

Mu 1st floor. 19th century AN Verstovsky, akagadzira approx. 15 AMD prod. (semuenzaniso, mimhanzi yePushkin's Gypsies yakaitwa naVA Karatygin, 1832, yeBeaumarchais's The Marriage of Figaro, 1829) uye yakagadzira akati wandei akatarwa cantatas mutsika dzezana ramakore rechi 18. (semuenzaniso, "A Singer in the Camp of Russian Warriors" kumazwi akanyorwa naVA Zhukovsky, 1827), AA Alyabyev (mumhanzi wemashiripiti ekuita zverudo zveAA Shakhovsky zvichibva paShakespeare's The Tempest, 1827; "Rusalka" naPushkin, 1838. ; iyo melodrama "Musungwa weCaucasus" yakavakirwa parugwaro rwenhetembo yaPushkin yezita rimwe chete, 1828), AE Varlamov (semuenzaniso, mimhanzi yeShakespeare's Hamlet, 1837). Asi kunyanya mu 1st floor. Mimhanzi yezana remakore rechi19 yakasarudzwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvagara zvichizivikanwa. vanyori vakasiyana uye yakashandiswa mumitambo kusvika pamwero wakaganhurirwa. Nguva itsva muchiRussia. theatre muzana remakore rechi19 yakavhura MI Glinka nemimhanzi yemutambo naNV Kukolnik "Prince Kholmsky", yakanyorwa nguva pfupi "Ivan Susanin" (1840). Mukupfuura nepakati, izvo zvekufananidzira zvenguva huru dzemutambo, gadzira symphony. misimboti yepost-Beethoven tm Kune zvakare 3 madiki mabasa naGlinka emadhirama. theatre - aria yemuranda ane kwaya yemutambo "Moldavian Gypsy" naBakhturin (1836), orc. sumo uye kwaya yeMyatlev's "Tarantella" (1841), vaviri veChirungu vemutambo "Akatengwa Shot" naVoikov (1854).

Rus. T.m. 2nd floor. 19th yezana kusvika pamwero mukuru wakabatana neiyo dramaturgy yeAN Ostrovsky. Connoisseur uye muunganidzi weRussia. nar. nziyo, Ostrovsky aiwanzoshandisa nzira yekufananidza kuburikidza nerwiyo. Mitambo yake yainzwika yechiRussia yekare. nziyo, epic chant, mifananidzo, petty-bourgeois romance, fekitori nejeri nziyo, nezvimwe. - Mumhanzi waPI Tchaikovsky weThe Snow Maiden (19), wakagadzirirwa kuita kweBolshoi Theatre, umo opera, ballet uye mutambo waizobatanidzwa. troupes. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwanda kwemimhanzi. Zvikamu uye hupfumi hwazvo, zvichiunza mutambo wacho pedyo neopera (sumo, nguva, symphonic episode yechiitiko musango, kwaya, melodrama, nziyo). Chirongwa che "spring fairy tale" chaida kubatanidzwa kwenziyo dzechinyakare (dzinomira, kutamba kwakatenderera, nziyo dzekutamba).

Tsika dzeMI Glinka dzakapfuuridzirwa naMA Balakirev mumimhanzi yeShakespeare's King Lear (1859-1861, overture, intermissions, midungwe, nziyo, melodramas), Tchaikovsky - yeShakespeare's Hamlet (1891) nevamwe. (mumhanzi we "Hamlet" une chirongwa chakajairwa chekuwedzera mutsika yerwiyo-chinoshamisa symphonism uye 16 nhamba - melodramas, nziyo dzaOphelia, the gravedigger, kufora kwemariro, fanfare).

Kubva kune mamwe mabasa echiRussia. vanyori vezana ramakore re19th ballad yaAS Dargomyzhsky kubva mumhanzi kuenda ku "Catherine Howard" naDumas père (1848) nenziyo dzake mbiri kubva mumhanzi kuenda ku "The Schism in England" naCalderon (1866), ed. nhamba kubva kumimhanzi ye AN Serov kusvika ku "Rufu rwaIvan the Terrible" naAK Tolstoy (1867) uye "Nero" naGendre (1869), boka revanhu (chiitiko mutemberi) naMP Mussorgsky kubva panjodzi ye Sophocles "Oedipus Rex" (1858-61), mimhanzi naEF Napravnik yemitambo. nhetembo naAK Tolstoy "Tsar Boris" (1898), mimhanzi naVas. S. Kalinnikov kune imwechete kugadzirwa. Tolstoy (1898).

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19-20. mu T.m. kwave kune shanduko huru. KS Stanislavsky aive mumwe wekutanga kupa zano, muzita rekuvimbika kwekuita, kuti isu tizvivhare isu chete kumamisiti anoratidzwa nemunyori wemitambo. nhamba, dzakafambisa okhestra seri kwechikuva, dzakarayira kuti munyori wacho “ajairane” nepfungwa yomutungamiriri. Mimhanzi yemitambo yekutanga yerudzi urwu yaive yaAS Arensky (kupindira, melodramas, kwaya kuShakespeare's The Tempest paMaly T-re, yakaitwa naAP Lensky, 1905), AK Glazunov (Lermontov's Masquerade) mune post naVE Meyerhold, 1917, kunze kwekutamba, pantomimes, rudo rwaNina, Glazunov's symphonic episodes, Glinka's Waltz-Fantasy uye rudo rwake The Venetian Night inoshandiswa. Pakutanga. 20th century The Death of Ivan the Terrible by Tolstoy and The Snow Maiden by Ostrovsky with music by AT Grechaninov, Shakespeare's Twelth Night with music by AN Koreshchenko, Macbeth by Shakespeare and The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish with music by NN Cherepnin. Kubatana kwechisarudzo chemutungamiriri uye mimhanzi. mitambo yeMoscow Art Theatre ine mimhanzi naIA Sats (mimhanzi yeHamsun's "Drama of Life" uye Andreev's "Anatem", Maeterlinck's "The Blue Bird", Shakespeare's "Hamlet" mumashure. Chirungu chinotungamirirwa naG. Craig, nezvimwewo) zvakasiyana pakugadzira.

Kana iyo Moscow Art Theatre yakaganhurira basa remimhanzi nekuda kwekuvimbika kwekuita, saka vatungamiriri vakaita saA. Ya. Tairov, KA Mardzhanishvili, PP Komissarzhevsky, VE Meyerhold, EB Vakhtangov akadzivirira pfungwa yesynthetic theatre. Meyerhold akafunga zvibodzwa zvemukuru wemutambo wacho sechinyorwa chakavakwa maererano nemitemo yemimhanzi. Aifunga kuti mimhanzi inofanira kuberekwa kubva mukuita uye panguva imwechete kuiumba, aitsvaga contrapuntal. fusion yemimhanzi uye zvirongwa zvedariro (inosanganisira DD Shostakovich, V. Ya. Shebalin nevamwe mubasa). Mukugadzirwa kweKufa kweTentagil naMaeterlinck paStudio Theatre paPovarskaya (1905, yakagadzirwa neIA Sats), Meyerhold akaedza kumisa basa rose pamimhanzi; "Nhamo kune pfungwa" (1928) yakabva pamutambo "Nhamo kubva kuWit" naGriboedov, akaronga nemimhanzi naJS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, J. Field, F. Schubert; mune post. Mutambo waAM Fayko unoti “Teacher Bubus” mumhanzi (ungaita 40 fp. yemitambo yaF. Chopin naF. Liszt) wainzwika nguva dzose, semubhaisikopo isina ruzha.

Iyo peculiarity yemimhanzi dhizaini yehuwandu hwekuita 20 - kutanga. 30s yakabatana nemhando yekuyedza yezvisarudzo zvedhairekitori. Saka, semuenzaniso, muna 1921, Tairov akaronga "Romeo naJuliet" yaShakespeare muKamerny T-re muchimiro che "rudo-runotyisa sketch" ine grotesque buffoonery, yakasimbisa theatre, ichibvisa pfungwa. ruzivo; maererano neizvi, mumhanzi weAN Aleksandrov wekuita pakanga pasina mazwi. mutsara, mhepo yekomedhi yemasiki yakakunda. Dr. muenzaniso werudzi urwu imhanzi yaShostakovich yeShakespeare's Hamlet muT-re im. Evg. Vakhtangov mune post. NP Akimova (1932): mutungamiriri akashandura mutambo "nemukurumbira wekusuwa uye usinganzwisisike" kuita wekufara, unofara, une tariro. kuita, umo parody uye zvinotyisa zvakakunda, pakanga pasina Phantom (Akimov akabvisa chimiro ichi), uye pachinzvimbo cheanopenga Ophelia pakanga paine akadhakwa Ophelia. Shostakovich akasika nhamba yenhamba dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu - kubva pazvidimbu zvipfupi zvakapindirana mumashoko kusvika kune makuru e symphonies. episodes. Mazhinji acho mitambo yeparody (cancan, gallop yaOphelia naPolonius, tango yeArgentina, philistine waltz), asi kunewo mamwe anosiririsa. zvikamu ("Musical Pantomime", "Requiem", "Funeral March"). Muna 60-1929 Shostakovich akanyora mimhanzi yezvizhinji zvemitambo yeLeningrad. t-ra yevechidiki vanoshanda - "Shot" Bezymensky, "Rule, Britannia!" Piotrovsky, zvakasiyana-siyana uye circus kuita "Panguva Yakaurayiwa" naVoevodin naRyss muLeningrad. horo yemimhanzi, pakurudziro yaMeyerhold, kuMayakovsky's Bedbug, gare gare kuThe Human Comedy naBalzac yeT-ra im. Evg. Vakhtangov (31), yemutambo Sarute, Spain! Afinogenov nokuda Leningrad. t-ra im. Pushkin (1934). Mumhanzi waShakespeare's "King Lear" (yakatumirwa naGM Kozintsev, Leningrad. Bolshoy drama. tr., 1936), Shostakovich anosiya parody yemhando dzemazuva ese dziri mumabasa ake ekutanga, uye anoburitsa mumimhanzi zvinoreva huzivi hwenjodzi mu. mweya wematambudziko chiratidzo chake. kusika kwemakore aya, kunogadzira mutsara we-cross-cutting symphony. kuvandudzwa mukati meimwe neimwe yemacores matatu. zvimiro zvekufananidzira zvenjodzi (Lear - Jester - Cordelia). Kusiyana netsika, Shostakovich akagumisa kushanda kwete nemariro, asi nedingindira reCordelia.

Mumakore makumi matatu. mana theatre. zvibodzwa zvakagadzirwa naSS Prokofiev - "Egyptian Nights" yekutamba kwaTairov muChamber Theatre (30), "Hamlet" yeTheatre-Studio yeSE Radlov muLeningrad (1935), "Eugene Onegin" uye "Boris Godunov. » Pushkin yeChamber Chamber (yekupedzisira zvigadzirwa zviviri hazvina kuitwa). Mimhanzi ye "Egyptian Nights" (chikuva chakavakirwa panjodzi "Kesari naCleopatra" naB. Shaw, "Antony naCleopatra" naShakespeare uye nhetembo "Egyptian Nights" naPushkin) inosanganisira sumo, kupindira, pantomimes, kudzokorora. ne orchestra, kutamba nenziyo dzine kwaya. Pakuronga kuita uku, munyori akashandisa dec. symphonic nzira. uye operatic dramaturgy - a system of leitmotifs, musimboti wekuzvimiririra uye kushorwa kwekuparara. mativi eizwi (Rome - Egypt, Anthony - Cleopatra). Kwemakore akawanda akashanda pamwe neyemitambo Yu. A. Shaporin. Mumakore 1938-20. nhamba huru yemitambo nemimhanzi yake yakaitwa muLeningrad. t-rah (Big Drama, Academic t-re yemutambo); iyo inonyanya kunakidza yadzo ndeye "Muchato weFigaro" naBeaumarchais (mutungamiri uye muimbi AN Benois, 30), "Ntata" naZamyatin (mushure meNS Leskov; dir. HP Monakhov, muimbi BM Kustodiev, 1926), "Sir John Falstaff " yakavakirwa pa "The Merry Wives of Windsor" naShakespeare (dir. NP Akimov, 1926), pamwe chete nenhamba yemamwe mitambo naShakespeare, inotamba naMoliere, AS Pushkin, G. Ibsen, B. Shaw, mazizi. vanyori vemitambo KA Trenev, VN Bill-Belo-Tserkovsky. Muma1927s. Shaporin akanyora mimhanzi yemitambo yeMoscow. Kutengeserana kudiki "Ivan the Terrible" naAK Tolstoy (40) uye "Twelfth Night" naShakespeare (1944). Pakati pemitambo. mabasa ekuma1945s. nzanga huru. Mumhanzi waTN Khrennikov wekomedhi yaShakespeare Much Ado About Nothing (30) yaive neresonance.

Mumunda weT.m. kune zvigadzirwa zvakawanda. yakagadzirwa neAI Khachaturian; vanokudziridza tsika dze conc. symp. T.m. (anosvika makumi maviri emitambo; pakati pavo - mimhanzi yemitambo yaG. Sundukyan naA. Paronyan, Shakespeare's Macbeth naMambo Lear, Lermontov's Masquerade).

Mumitambo inobva pamitambo yemazizi. vanyori vemitambo pamadingindira emazuva ano. hupenyu, pamwe chete mune zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. mitambo yakaumba rudzi rwakasiyana rwemimhanzi. dhizaini, zvichibva pakushandiswa kwemazizi. mass, est. nziyo uye nziyo dzinosetsa, ditties ("The Cook" naSofronov nemimhanzi yaVA Mokrosov, "The Long Road" naArbuzov nemimhanzi yaVP Solovyov-Sedogo, "The Naked King" naSchwartz uye "Twelfth Night" naShakespeare nemimhanzi. na ES Kolmanovsky nevamwe); mune mamwe maitiro, kunyanya mukuumbwa kweMosk. t-ra mutambo uye komedhi paTaganka (inotungamirirwa naYu. P. Lyubimov), yaisanganisira nziyo dzechimurenga. uye makore ehondo, nziyo dzevechidiki ("mazuva gumi akazunungusa nyika", "The Fallen and the Living", etc.). Mune akati wandei emazuva ano zvigadzirwa zvinooneka zvinokwevera kune zvemumhanzi, semuenzaniso. mumutambo weLeningrad. t-ra im. Leningrad City Council (mutungamiri IP Vladimirov) "The Taming of the Shrew" nemimhanzi naGI Gladkov, apo vatambi vanoita estr. nziyo (dzakafanana mukushanda nenziyo dziri mutheater yaB. Brecht), kana The Chosen One of Fate inotungamirirwa naS. Yu. Yursky (yakanyorwa naS. Rosenzweig). Pamusoro pebasa rinoshanda remimhanzi mune dramaturgy yezvigadzirwa zvemitambo zviri kusvika kune rudzi rwekugadzira. Meyerhold Theatre ("Pugachev" nemimhanzi naYM Butsko uye kunyanya "The Master and Margarita" by MA Bulgakov nemimhanzi naEV Denisov muMoscow Theatre yeDrama uye Comedy paTaganka, mutungamiriri Yu. P. Lyubimov). Imwe yeakanyanya kukosha. mabasa - mimhanzi naGV Sviridov yemutambo naAK Tolstoy "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich" (10, Moscow. Maly Tr).

B. 70s. 20 c. munharaunda ye T.m. много работали Yu. M. Butsko, VA Gavrilin, GI Gladkov, SA Gubaidulina, EV Denisov, KA Karaev, AP Petrov, NI Peiko, NN Sidelnikov, SM Slonimsky, ML Tariverdiev, AG Schnittke, RK Shchedrin, A. Ya. Eshpai et al.

References: Tairov A., inotungamirirwa naZaptsky, M., 1921; Dasmanov V., Mumhanzi uye ruzha dhizaini mutambo, M., 1929; Satz NI, Mimhanzi mutheater yevana, mubhuku rake: Our way. Moscow Children's Theater…, Moscow, 1932; Lacis A., Revolutionary Theatre yeGermany, Moscow, 1935; Ignatov S., Spanish theatre yeXVI-XVII mazana emakore, M.-L., 1939; Begak E., Mumhanzi wekuumbwa kwemutambo, M., 1952; Glumov A., Mimhanzi munhandare yemitambo yeRussia, Moscow, 1955; Druskin M., Mimhanzi yemitambo, muunganidzwa: Essays panhoroondo yemimhanzi yeRussia, L., 1956; Bersenev I., Mimhanzi mukuita kunoshamisa, mubhuku rake: Collected articles, M., 1961; Brecht B., Theatre, vol. 5, M., 1965; B. Izrailevsky, Mimhanzi muKuitwa kweMoscow Art Theatre, (Moscow, 1965); Rappoport, L., Arthur Onegger, L., 1967; Meyerhold W., Chinyorwa. Tsamba.., ch. 2, M., 1968; Sats I., Kubva muzvinyorwa, M., 1968; Weisbord M., FG Lorca - muimbi, M., 1970; Milyutin P., Mumhanzi wekuumbwa kwekuita kunoshamisa, L., 1975; Mimhanzi muDramatic Theatre, Sat. st., L., 1976; Konen W., Purcell uye Opera, M., 1978; Tarshis N., Mimhanzi yekuita, L., 1978; Barclay Squire W., Purcell's dramatic music, 'SIMG', Jahrg. 5, 1903-04; Pedrell F., La musique indigine dans le thûvtre espagnol du XVII siîcle, tam je; Waldthausen E. von, Die Funktion der Musik im klassischen deutschen Schauspiel, Hdlb., 1921 (Diss.); Kre11 M., Das deutsche Theater der Gegenwart, Münch. — Lpz., 1923; Wdtz R., Schauspielmusik zu Goethes «Faust», Lpz., 1924 (Diss.); Aber A., ​​Die Musik im Schauspiel, Lpz., 1926; Riemer O., Musik und Schauspiel, Z., 1946; Gassner J., Kugadzira mutambo, NY, 1953; Manifold JS, Mumhanzi mumutambo weChirungu kubva kuShakespeare kuenda kuPurcell, L., 1956; Settle R., Mimhanzi munhandare, L., 1957; Sternfeld FW, Musio munjodzi yaShakespeare, L., 1963; Cowling JH, Mimhanzi paShakespearean nhanho, NY, 1964.

TB Baranova