Quarter tone system |

Quarter-tone system, quarter-tone mimhanzi

German Vierteltonmusik, Chirungu. mimhanzi yekota-toni, mimhanzi yechiFrench en quarts de ton, ital. musica a quarti di tono

Rudzi rwakajairika rwemicrochromatics, ruzha (interval) system, chiyero chayo chine manzwi akarongwa mukota toni. Octave kuna Ch. inosanganisira 24 nhanho dzekurira (sezvinotsanangurwa naMV Matyushin, "The system of double chromatism"). To specific. Ch. s nguva, kuwedzera kune nyore kota-toni, inosanganisira derivative (composite) micro-intervals - 3/4 tones, 5/4 tones, 7/4 tones, nezvimwewo. Painocherechedza microtones yeCh. mavara anokosha anoshandiswa (ona tafura).

Panewo makiyi akakosha:

("high kiyi") - kuita kwechimwe chezvikamu zvechidimbu 1/4 toni yakakwirira,

("low key") - 1/4 toni yakaderera. Mhando dzakajairika dzekududzira chis ndeidzi: melismatic (microtones sechishongedzo chemelodic, kuimba kwenheyo huru), yakatsikwa (microtones seyakazvimirira uye yakaenzana matanho ehurongwa), sonoristic (microtones sechikamu chetimbre-sound complexes inoshandiswa se. madiki madiki akazvimiririra; ona Sonorism).

Elements Ch. yakatanga kuva mimhanzi. tsika uye dzaizivikanwa ne theoretically mukare seenharmonic microintervals. genus (ona Enarmonics). Matoni ekota aidudzirwa munziyo yekutanga. merismaticly. (Kuona muenzaniso wechiGiriki chekare "enbrmona", ona chinyorwa Melodiya) Intervals Ch. anoshandiswa mumimhanzi yechinyakare yezviverengeka zveEast. vanhu (maArabu, maTurkey, maIran).

MuMiddle Ages, zvinhu zveCh. dzimwe nguva inowanikwa se echo yekare. enarmonics. Kuedza kuendesa chiGiriki frets (uye genera) mumazuva ano. tsika yacho yakaunzwa nevamwe vaimbi vomuzana remakore rechi16 nerechi17. pakushandiswa kwekota toni (mukududzira kwe melismatic, ona tafura, pamwe neiyo yakatsikwa, ona muenzaniso mukoramu 524). Evha yezana ramakore rechi20 yakaratidzirwa nefungu idzva rekufarira muCh. uye kune microchromatics mune zvese (pakati pekutanga pane zviedzo zveAJ Gruss). Muna 1892 bhuku rakanyorwa naGA Behrens-Zenegalden nezve Ch. (yakadudzirwa nechekare mupfungwa itsva, se 24-nhanho system), umo chimbo chinopindirana ("achromatisches Klavier") chakarongwawo, muna 1898 J. Fulds akagadzira quartet yechina-toni tambo. Mumakore ekuma1900-1910. ku Ch. Vanyori R. Stein, W. Möllendorff, IA Vyshnegradsky, C. Ives, uye vamwe vakashandisa. Czech munyori uye theorist A. Khaba. Panguva imwecheteyo, yekutanga inoshanda nezveCh. muRussia (MV Matyushin, AS Lurie). Kuma20s. Muzana remakore rechi20 Ch. s. akadzidza nekugadzira mazizi. vanyori uye theorists (zvinyorwa naGM Rimsky-Korsakov, AA Kenel, NA Malakhovskii; zvinyorwa zvinyorwa naGM Rimsky-Korsakov, VM Belyaev, AM Avraamov nevamwe.). Kusiyana kwekushandisa Ch. yakagamuchirwa mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri 2-1939: muhurongwa hwemazuva ano. chromatic tonality (45 semitones inoumba rudzi rwe "diatonic" maererano nekota-toni), mune izvo zvinonzi. atonality yemahara, ine chekuita neseriality, kunyanya mukududzirwa kwesonoristic kweCh. P. Boulez, M. Kagel, S. Bussotti, A. Zimmerman, uye vanyori vakati wandei veSoviet vakataura naye. Muenzaniso Ch. (ruzha rune ruvara rwezviridzwa zvetambo zvine ratidziro yekugomera kunyoro):

EV Denisov. Trio yeviolin, cello uye pianoforte, 1st kufamba, mabara 28-29.

References: Matyushin MV, Nhungamiro yekudzidza kwekota toni yeviolin, ..., 1915; Lurie A., Kumumhanzi wechromatism yakakwirira, muSat.: "Sagittarius", P., 1915; Belyaev VM, Quarter-tone music, "Hupenyu hweArt", 1925, No 18; Rimsky-Korsakov GM, Kururamiswa kwekota-tone musical system, "De musica", Sat. 1, L., 1925; Kapelyush BN, Zvinyorwa zveMV Matyushin naEG Guro, mubhuku: Yearbook of the Manuscript Department of the Pushkin House for 1974, L., 1976; Vicentino N., L antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica, Roma, 1555, facsimile. ed., Kassel, 1959; Behrens-Senegalden GA, Die Vierteltöne in der Musik, B., 1892; Wellek A., Viertelton und Fortschritt, “NZfM”, 1925, Jahrg. 92; Wyschnegradsky I., Quartertonal music…, “Pro Musica Quarterly”, 1927; yake pachake, Manuel d harmonie a quarts de ton, P., (1932); Haba A., Flügel und Klavier der Vierteltonmusik, “Die Musik”, 1928, Jahrg. 21, H. 3; vake, Mein Weg zur Viertel- und Sechstelton-Musik, Düsseldorf, 1971; Schneider S., Mikrotöne in der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts, Bonn, 1975; Gojowy D., Neue sowjetische Musik der 20-en Jahre, (Laaber), 1980; Ludvová J., Anton Joseph Gruss (1816-1893) uye jeho ctvrttуny, "Hudebnin veda", 1980, Nha 2.

Yu. N. Kholopov