Isaac Osipovich Dunaevsky (Isaak Dunaevsky) |

Isaac Dunaevsky

… Ndakazvipira basa rangu kune vechidiki zvachose. Ndinogona kutaura ndisingawedzeredzi kuti pandinonyora rwiyo rutsva kana kuti chimwe chidimbu chemimhanzi, mupfungwa ndinogarotaura nezvepwere dzedu. I. Dunayevsky

Tanda guru raDunayevsky rakaratidzwa kusvika pamwero mukuru mumunda we "chiedza" marudzi. Akanga ari musiki werwiyo rutsva rweSoviet, mumhanzi wepakutanga wejazz, mumhanzi unosetsa, operetta. Muimbi akatsvaga kuzadza idzi mhando dziri padyo nepwere nerunako rwechokwadi, nyasha dzakajeka, uye kuravira kwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro.

Dunaevsky's creative heritage yakakura zvikuru. Ane 14 operettas, 3 ballets, 2 cantatas, 80 choir, 80 nziyo uye dzerudo, mimhanzi ye88 mitambo yemitambo uye 42 mafirimu, 43 nziyo dzemhando dzakasiyana uye 12 dzejazz orchestra, 17 melodeclamations, 52 symphonic uye 47 mabasa epiyano.

Dunayevsky akaberekerwa mumhuri yemushandi. Mimhanzi yaimuperekedza kubva achiri mudiki. Manheru emimhanzi akavandudzwa aiwanzoitirwa mumba maDunaevsky, uko, nekufema kwemhepo, Isaka mudiki aivepowo. Misi yeSvondo, aiwanzoteerera kuimba yevaimbi mubindu romuguta, uye paaidzokera kumba, aitora nenzeve papiyano nziyo dzemacha nenziyo dzaaiyeuka. Zororo rechokwadi remukomana raive kushanya kunhandare, uko mutambo weUkraine neRussia uye opera mauto akaitwa pakushanya.

Pazera remakore masere, Dunaevsky akatanga kudzidza kuridza violin. Kubudirira kwake kwaishamisa zvokuti kare muna 8 akazova mudzidzi weKharkov Musical College mukirasi yeviolin yaProfessor K. Gorsky, ipapo I. Ahron, nyanzvi yeviolinist, mudzidzisi uye munyori. Dunayevsky akadzidzawo naAhron kuKharkov Conservatory, kwaakapedza kudzidza muna 1910. Mumakore ake ekuchengetedza, Dunayevsky akanyora zvakawanda. Mudzidzisi wake wekunyora aiva S. Bogatyrev.

Kubva paudiki, achifarira kuwira murudo neimba yemitambo, Dunayevsky, pasina kuzeza, akauya kwairi mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory. “Sinelnikov Drama Theatre yakarangarirwa nenzira yakarurama sorudado rweKharkov,” uye mutungamiriri wayo wenyanzvi akanga ari “mumwe wevane mukurumbira zvikuru muimba yemitambo yokuRussia.”

Pakutanga, Dunaevsky akashanda seviolinist-anoperekedza mune imwe orchestra, zvino semutyairi uye, pakupedzisira, semukuru wechikamu chemimhanzi yeimba yemitambo. Panguva imwecheteyo, akanyora mimhanzi yemitambo yose mitsva.

Muna 1924, Dunaevsky akatamira kuMoscow, uko kwemakore anoverengeka akashanda semutungamiriri wemimhanzi yeHermitage siyana theatre. Panguva ino, anonyora operettas yake yekutanga: "Zvose kune zvedu uye zvenyu", "Grooms", "Mapanga", "Prime Minister's Career". Asi aya aingova nhanho dzokutanga. Mabasa echokwadi emunyori akaonekwa gare gare.

Gore ra1929 rakava chiitiko chinokosha muupenyu hwaDunayevsky. Nguva itsva, yekukura yebasa rake rokusika yakatanga, iyo yakamuunzira mukurumbira wakakodzera. Dunayevsky akakokwa nemutungamiriri wemimhanzi kuLeningrad Music Hall. "Nekukwezva kwake, ruzivo uye nyore, nehunyanzvi hwake hwepamusoro, akakunda rudo rwechokwadi rweboka rose rekusika," akayeuka muenzi N. Cherkasov.

MuLeningrad Music Hall, L. Utyosov aigara achiita jazz yake. Saka pakanga pane musangano wevaimbi vaviri vanoshamisa, izvo zvakashanduka kuva ushamwari hwenguva refu. Dunaevsky akabva afarira jazz ndokutanga kunyora mimhanzi yeUtyosov ensemble. Akagadzira rhapsodies panziyo dzakakurumbira dzevanyori veSoviet, paRussia, Ukrainian, chiJudha madingindira, jazz fantasy pamadingindira enziyo dzake, nezvimwe.

Dunayevsky uye Utyosov kazhinji vaishanda pamwe chete. "Ndaida misangano iyi," Utyosov akanyora. - "Ndainyanya kufarira muDunaevsky nekukwanisa kuzvipira zvachose kumumhanzi, ndisingaone zvakatipoteredza."

Mukutanga 30s. Dunayevsky anotendeukira kumimhanzi yemufirimu. Anova musiki wemhando itsva - mumhanzi wemafirimu emumhanzi. Nguva itsva, yakajeka mukuvandudzwa kweSoviet mass song, iyo yakapinda muupenyu kubva mufirimu yefirimu, inobatanidzwawo nezita rake.

Muna 1934, firimu "Merry Fellows" rakaonekwa pazvikwangwani zvenyika nemimhanzi yaDunaevsky. Iyi firimu yakagamuchirwa nechido neruzhinji rwevateereri. "March of the Merry Guys" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach) chaizvoizvo akafamba munyika yose, akatenderera pasi rose uye akava imwe yenziyo dzekutanga dzevechidiki dzenguva yedu. Uye iyo yakakurumbira "Kakhovka" kubva mufirimu "Three Comrades" (1935, art. M. Svetlova)! Yakaimbwa nechido nevechiduku mukati memakore okuvaka kune rugare. Yakanga yakakurumbira zvakare panguva yeGreat Patriotic War. The Song of the Motherland kubva mufirimu Circus (1936, art by V. Lebedev-Kumach) akawanawo mukurumbira pasi rose. Dunayevsky akanyorawo mimhanzi yakawanda inoshamisa yemamwe mafirimu: "Vana veCaptain Grant", "Vanotsvaga Mufaro", "Goalkeeper", "Rich Bride", "Volga-Volga", "Bright Path", "Kuban Cossacks".

Achifadzwa nebasa remubhaisikopo, achigadzira nziyo dzakakurumbira, Dunaevsky haana kutendeukira kune operetta kwemakore akati wandei. Akadzokera kumhando yake yaanofarira mukupera kwema30s. atova tenzi akura.

Munguva yeGreat Patriotic War, Dunayevsky akatungamirira rwiyo uye kutamba pamwe chete kweCentral House of Culture yeVashandi veRailway. Kwose kwaiitwa boka iri - mudunhu reVolga, kuCentral Asia, kuFar East, muUrals uye kuSiberia, vachiisa simba muvashandi vepamberi, kuvimba mukukunda kweSoviet Army pamusoro pemuvengi. Panguva imwecheteyo, Dunayevsky akanyora nziyo dzakashinga, dzakakasharara dzakawana mukurumbira kumberi.

Pakupedzisira, hondo yokupedzisira yakarira. Nyika yakanga ichipodza maronda ayo. Uye kuMadokero, kunhuwa kwepfuti zvakare.

Mukati memakore aya, kurwira rugare kwakava vavariro huru yevanhu vose vane chido chakanaka. Dunayevsky, kufanana nemamwe maartist akawanda, aibatanidzwa mukurwira rugare. Musi waAugust 29, 1947, operetta yake "Mhepo Yemahara" yakaitwa nekubudirira kukuru paMoscow Operetta Theatre. Dingindira rekurwira runyararo rinowanikwawo mugwaro refirimu rine mimhanzi naDunaevsky "Tiri kune rugare" (1951). Rumbo rune nziyo dzinoshamisa kubva mufirimu iri, "Fly, doves," rwakawana mukurumbira pasi rose. Yakava chiratidzo cheVI World Youth Festival muMoscow.

Basa rekupedzisira raDunaevsky, operetta White Acacia (1955), muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo weSoviet lyrical operetta. Nechido chakadini munyori akanyora "nziyo yake yeshan", yaasina kumbofanira "kuimba"! Rufu rwakamuwisira pasi ari pakati pebasa rake. Munyori K. Molchanov akapedza operetta maererano nemifananidzo yakasiiwa naDunayevsky.

Kutanga kwe "White Acacia" kwakaitika munaNovember 15, 1955 muMoscow. Yakaitwa neOdessa Theatre yeMusical Comedy. "Uye zvinosuruvarisa kufunga," akanyora kudaro mutungamiriri mukuru weimba yemitambo I. Grinshpun, "kuti Isaak Osipovich haana kuona White Acacia pachikuva, aisagona kuva chapupu chemufaro waakapa vatambi nevateereri. … Asi akange ari nyanzvi yemufaro wemunhu!

M. Komissarskaya

Zvinyorwa:

ballet – Rest of a Faun (1924), vana ballet Murzilka (1924), Guta (1924), Ballet Suite (1929); operetta – Zvose zvedu nedzako (1924, post. 1927, Moscow Theater of Musical Buffoonery), Bridegrooms (1926, post. 1927, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Straw Hat (1927, Musical Theatre yakatumidzwa zita reVI Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow; 2nd edition 1938, Moscow Operetta Theater), Knives (1928, Moscow Satire Theater), Premiere Career (1929, Tashkent Operetta Theatre), Polar Growths (1929, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Million Torments (1932, ibid. ), Golden Valley (1938, ibid.; 2nd edition 1955, ibid.), Migwagwa inoenda kuMufaro (1941, Leningrad Theatre yeMusical Comedy), Mhepo Yemahara (1947, Moscow Operetta Theatre), Mwanakomana weClown (zita rekutanga . - The Flying Clown, 1960, ibid ), White Acacia (chiridzwa chakaitwa naG. Cherny, isa nhamba yeballet “Palmushka” uye rwiyo rwaLarisa muchiito chechitatu zvakanyorwa naKB Molchanov pamadingindira eDunaevsky; 3, ibid.); cantatas - Tichauya (1945), Leningrad, isu tinemi (1945); mimhanzi yemafirimu - Chekutanga platoon (1933), Kaviri-akaberekwa (1934), Merry vakomana (1934), Magetsi magetsi (1934), Macomrades matatu (1935), Iyo nzira yechikepe (1935), Mwanasikana weMotherland (1936), Hama. (1936), Circus (1936), Musikana Ari Kukurumidza PaZuva (1936), Vana vaCaptain Grant (1936), Vanotsvaka Mufaro (1936), Mhepo Yakanaka (naBM Bogdanov-Berezovsky, 1936), Beethoven Concerto. (1937), Rich Bride (1937), Volga-Volga (1938), Bright way (1940), My love (1940), New house (1946), Spring (1947), Kuban Cossacks (1949), Stadium (1949) , konzati yaMashenka (1949), Isu tiri venyika (1951), Winged Defense (1953), Mutsivi (1954), Jolly Stars (1954), Muedzo weKuvimbika (1954); nziyo, kusanganisira. Far Path (lyrics by EA Dolmatovsky, 1938), Heroes of Khasan (lyrics by VI Lebedev-Kumach, 1939), Pamuvengi, for the Motherland, mberi (lyrics by Lebedev-Kumach, 1941), My Moscow (lyrics and Lisyansky and S. Agranyan, 1942), Military March of the Railway Workers (lyrics by SA Vasiliev, 1944), ndakabva Berlin (lyrics by LI Oshanin, 1945), Song about Moscow (lyrics by B. Vinnikov, 1946) , Ways -roads (lyrics by S. Ya. Alymov, 1947), ini ndiri amai vakwegura vanobva kuRouen (lyrics by G. Rublev, 1949), Rwiyo rwevechidiki (lyrics by ML Matusovsky, 1951), School waltz (lyrics. Matusovsky , 1952), Waltz Evening (lyrics by Matusovsky, 1953), Moscow Lights (lyrics by Matusovsky, 1954) nevamwe; mimhanzi yemitambo yemadhirama, zvirongwa zveredhiyo; mumhanzi wepop, kusanganisira. theatre jazz wongororo Mumhanzi Store (1932), nezvimwe.