Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov |

Anatoly Orfenov

Russian tenor Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov akaberekwa muna 1908 mumhuri yemupristi mumusha weSushki, mudunhu reRyazan, kusiri kure neguta reKasimov, nzvimbo yekare yemachinda echiTatar. Mhuri iyi yaiva nevana vasere. Munhu wese akaimba. Asi Anatoly ndiye oga, pasinei nematambudziko ose, akazova muimbi wenyanzvi. “Taigara nemarambi eparafini,” muimbi wacho anoyeuka kudaro, “takanga tisina varaidzo ipi neipi, kamwe bedzi pagore, panguva yeKrisimisi, mitambo yevasina fundo yaipiwa. Takanga tine giramufoni yatakatanga pamazororo, uye ndakateerera zvinyorwa zveSobinov, Sobinov aiva muimbi wandaifarira, ndaida kudzidza kubva kwaari, ndaida kumutevedzera. Murume wechidiki angave akafungidzira here kuti mumakore mashomanana aizova nerombo rekuona Sobinov, kushanda naye pazvikamu zvake zvekutanga zveopera.

Baba vemhuri yacho vakafa muna 1920, uye muhurumende itsva, vana vomufundisi vaisagona kutarisira dzidzo yepamusorosoro.

Muna 1928, Orfenov akasvika muMoscow, uye nokumwe kurayira kwaMwari akakwanisa kupinda zvikoro zviviri zvehunyanzvi panguva imwe chete - mimhanzi yepedagogical neyemanheru (yava kunzi Ippolitov-Ivanov Academy). Akadzidza mazwi mukirasi yemudzidzisi ane tarenda Alexander Akimovich Pogorelsky, muteveri wechikoro cheItaly bel canto (Pogorelsky akanga ari mudzidzi waCamillo Everardi), uye Anatoly Orfenov akanga ane zvakakwana zveiyi stock yeruzivo rwenyanzvi kwehupenyu hwake hwose. Kuumbwa kwemuimbi wechidiki kwakaitika panguva yekuvandudzwa kwakanyanya kweiyo opera nhanho, apo kufamba kwestudio kwakapararira, kuchizvipikisa kune semi-official kutungamira kwenzvimbo dzemitambo. Zvisinei, mumatumbo eBolshoi akafanana naMariinsky maiva nekugadzirisa kwakajeka kwetsika dzekare. Zviziviso zvitsva zvechizvarwa chekutanga cheSoviet tenors, chinotungamirirwa naKozlovsky naLemeshev, zvakashandura zvakanyanya zvinyorwa zve "lyric tenor" basa, apo muSt. Petersburg, Pechkovsky akaita kuti tione mutsara we "dramatic tenor" nenzira itsva. Orfenov, uyo akapinda muhupenyu hwake hwekusika, kubva pamatanho ekutanga akakwanisa kuti arege kurasika pakati pemazita akadaro, nokuti gamba redu rakanga rakazvimiririra rakaoma, palette yezvinyorwa zvinoratidzira, saka "munhu ane chimiro chisingatauriki".

Kutanga, muna 1933, akakwanisa kupinda mukwaya yeOpera Theatre-Studio achitungamirirwa naK. Mhuri yacho yaifarira zvechitendero zvikuru, ambuya vangu vaishora upenyu hupi nohupi hwokunyika, uye Anatoly akavanza amai vake kwenguva refu kuti aishanda muimba yemitambo. Apo akashuma ikoku, akashamiswa, kuti: “Neiko mukwaya?” Mushanduri mukuru wechikamu cheRussia Stanislavsky uye mukuru weRussia Sobinov, uyo akanga asisiri kuimba uye akanga ari nyanzvi yemashoko paStudio, akacherechedza jaya refu uye rakanaka kubva kuimba, akateerera kwete izwi iri chete, asiwo kune kushingaira nekuzvininipisa kwemuridzi wayo. Saka Orfenov akazova Lensky mumutambo wakakurumbira weStanislavsky; muna Kubvumbi 1935, tenzi pachake akamusuma kuita, pakati pevamwe vatambi vatsva. (Nguva dzakanyanya kusimba dzehunyanzvi hwekupedzisira dzicharamba dzichibatanidzwa nemufananidzo weLensky - yekutanga paBazi reBolshoi Theatre, uye ipapo padanho guru reBolshoi). Leonid Vitalievich akanyorera Konstantin Sergeevich kuti: "Ndakarayira Orfenov, ane inzwi rakanaka, kuti agadzirire Lensky nokukurumidza, kunze kwaErnesto kubva kuDon Pasquale. Uye gare gare: "Akandipa Orfen Lensky pano, uye zvakanaka kwazvo." Stanislavsky akazvipira nguva yakawanda uye kutarisa kune wekutanga, sezvinoratidzwa nezvinyorwa zvekudzokorora uye memoirs yemuiti wacho pachake: "Konstantin Sergeevich akataura neni kwemaawa. Nezvei? Nezve nhanho dzangu dzekutanga pachikuva, nezve kugara kwangu mune izvi kana basa iro, nezve mabasa uye zviito zvemuviri izvo zvaakaunza muchikamu chechikamu, nezve kuburitswa kwemisungo, nezve hutsika hwemutambi muhupenyu. uye pachikuva. Rakanga riri basa guru rokudzidzisa, uye ndinoonga mudzidzisi wangu nokuda kwaro nomwoyo wangu wose.”

Kushanda nevakuru vakuru veRussia art pakupedzisira kwakaumba hunhu hwenyanzvi. Orfenov akakurumidza kutora nzvimbo inotungamira muboka reStanislavsky Opera House. Vateereri vakatorwa mwoyo nehunhu, kutendeseka uye kureruka kwemaitiro ake pachikuva. Haana kumbove "inotapira inzwi-coder", ruzha haruna kumboshanda semagumo pacharo kune muimbi. Orfenov aigara achiuya kubva mumimhanzi uye shoko rakapfimbwa kwariri, mumubatanidzwa uyu akatsvaga mafundo anoshamisa emabasa ake. Kwemakore akawanda, Stanislavsky akarera pfungwa yekutamba Verdi's Rigoletto, uye muna 1937-38. vaiva nedzokororo sere. Nekudaro, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka (kusanganisira, pamwe, izvo izvo Bulgakov anonyora nezvayo nenzira inotyisa muTheatre Novel), basa rekugadzira rakamiswa, uye kuita kwakaburitswa mushure mekufa kwaStanislavsky vachitungamirwa naMeyerhold. , mutungamiriri mukuru weimba yemitambo panguva iyoyo. Kunakidza sei basa re "Rigoletto" rinogona kutongwa kubva mumirangariro yaAnatoly Orfenov "First Steps", iyo yakabudiswa mumagazini "Soviet Music" (1963, No. 1).

akaedza kuratidza pachikuva "hupenyu hwemweya wemunhu" ... Zvakanga zvakanyanya kukosha kwaari kuti aratidze kurwisana kwe "kunyadziswa uye kutukwa" - Gilda naRigoletto, pane kushamisa vateereri nemashoko gumi nemaviri epamusoro. vaimbi nekunaka kwenzvimbo… Akapa sarudzo mbiri dzemufananidzo weDuke. Odin ibhuku rinodadisa iro nekunze rakafanana naFrancis I, akafananidzirwa naV. Hugo mumutambo The King Amuses pachake. Mumwe wacho ijaya rakanaka, rinoyevedza, rinoda zvakaenzana nezve Countess Ceprano, ari nyore Gilda, uye Maddalena.

Mumufananidzo wekutanga, kana chidzitiro chasimudzwa, Duke akagara pavheranda rekumusoro reimba patafura, mukutaura kwekufananidzira kwaKonstantin Sergeevich, "akabatanidzwa" nevakadzi ... haina ruzivo rwechikuva, sei kumira pakati pechikuva uye kuimba iyo inonzi "aria ine magurovhosi," ndiko kuti, ballad yeDuke? KuStanislavsky, Duke akaimba bharadhi serwiyo rwekunwa. Konstantin Sergeevich akandipa nhevedzano yemabasa emuviri, kana, pamwe, zvingava zviri nani kutaura, zviito zvemuviri: kufamba-famba patafura, kurira magirazi nevakadzi. Akandikumbira kuti ndiwane nguva yekuchinjana maziso nemumwe nemumwe wavo panguva yekutamba. Neizvi, akadzivirira muimbi kubva ku "voids" mubasa racho. Pakanga pasina nguva yekufunga nezve "ruzha", nezveruzhinji.

Imwe hunyanzvi hwaStanislavsky muchiitiko chekutanga yaive chiitiko chaDuke Rigoletto achirohwa neshamhu, mushure mekunge "atuka" Count Ceprano ... Chiitiko ichi hachina kundiitira zvakanaka, kurohwa kwakava "opera", kureva kuti Zvakanga zvakaoma kuzvitenda, uye pakudzidzira ndakamufarira.

Muchiito chechipiri panguva yemutambo, Gilda anovanza kuseri kwehwindo reimba yababa vake, uye basa rakagadzirirwa naStanislavsky kuDuke raiva rokumukwezva kubva ipapo, kana kuti kumuita kuti atarise kunze nepahwindo. Duke ane maruva emaruva akavanzwa pasi pejasi rake. Ruva rimwe panguva, anovapa kuna Gilda nepahwindo. (Mufananidzo wakakurumbira nepahwindo waisanganisirwa mune ese opera annals - A.Kh.). Muchiito chechitatu, Stanislavsky aida kuratidza Duke semurume wenguva uye mafungiro. Apo vatariri vanoudza Duke kuti "musikana ari mumuzinda wako" (chigadzirwa chacho chaiva mushanduro yechiRussia yakasiyana neyo inowanzogamuchirwa - A.Kh.), anoshandurwa zvachose, anoimba imwe aria, inenge isina kumboitwa. mudzimba dzemitambo. Iyi aria yakaoma zvikuru, uye kunyange pasina manotsi akakwirira kupfuura yechipiri octave mairi, yakanyanya kuoma mu tessitura.

NaStanislavsky, uyo asinganeti kurwisa operatic vampuca, Orfenov akaitawo zvikamu zveLykov muThe Tsar's Bride, Holy Fool muBoris Godunov, Almaviva muThe Barber yeSeville, uye Bakhshi muLev Stepanov's Darvaz Gorge. Uye angadai asina kumbosiya yemitambo kana Stanislavsky asina kufa. Mushure mekufa kwaKonstantin Sergeevich, kusangana neNemirovich-Danchenko Theatre kwakatanga (idzi dzaive mbiri dzemitambo yakasiyana zvachose, uye kushamisika kwekuguma kwaiva kwakabatana). Munguva ino "yainetsa", Orfenov, atova mugadziri akakodzera weRSFSR, akatora chikamu mune zvimwe zvenguva-yekuita zvigadzirwa zveNemirovich, akaimba Paris mu "Beautiful Elena" (kuita uku, nerufaro, kwakanyorwa paredhiyo muna 1948. ), asi achiri mumweya akanga ari Stanislav wechokwadi. Saka, kuchinja kwake muna 1942 kubva kuStanislavsky uye Nemirovich-Danchenko Theater kuenda kuBolshoi kwakafanorongwa nekuguma pachako. Kunyange zvazvo Sergei Yakovlevich Lemeshev mubhuku rake rinonzi "The Way to Art" achitaura maonero ekuti vaimbi vakatanhamara (saPechkovsky uye iye pachake) vakasiya Stanislavsky nekuda kwekunzwa kwekuoma uye netariro yekuvandudza unyanzvi hwezwi munzvimbo dzakafara. Munyaya yeOrfenov, sezviri pachena, izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi zvachose.

Kusagutsikana kwekusika mukutanga kwe40s kwakamumanikidza "kupedza nzara yake" "padivi", uye mumwaka we1940/41 Orfenov akashanda nesimba neHurumende Opera Ensemble yeUSSR pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaIS Kozlovsky. Akanyanya "European" in spirit tenor wenguva yeSoviet akabva akabatikana nepfungwa dzekuridza opera mukuitwa kwekonzati (nhasi pfungwa idzi dzakawana chimiro chinoshanda kwazvo kuMadokero nenzira yeinonzi semi-staged. , "Semi-performances" pasina nzvimbo uye zvipfeko, asi nekudyidzana kwekuita) uye semutungamiriri, akagadzira zvigadzirwa zveWerther, Orpheus, Pagliatsev, Mozart naSalieri, Arkas' Katerina uye Lysenko's Natalka-Poltavka. "Takarota kuwana chimiro chitsva chekuita kweopera, hwaro hwacho hwaizova hwakanaka, uye kwete chishamiso," Ivan Semenovich anoyeuka zvakawanda gare gare. Pamitambo yekutanga, Kozlovsky pachake akaimba zvikamu zvikuru, asi mune ramangwana aida rubatsiro. Saka Anatoly Orfenov akaimba chikamu chinofadza cheWerther kanomwe, pamwe chete naMozart naBeppo muPagliacci (Harlequin's serenade yaifanira kuvharwa ka2-3). Mitambo yakaitwa muGreat Hall yeConservatory, Imba yeSainzi, Central House of Artists uye Campus. Maiwe, kuvepo kweiyo ensemble kwaive kwenguva pfupi.

Mauto 1942. MaGermany arikuuya. Kubhomba. Kuzvidya mwoyo. Vashandi vakuru veBolshoi Theatre vakadzingwa kuKuibyshev. Uye muMoscow nhasi vari kutamba chiito chekutanga, mangwana vari kutamba opera kusvika kumagumo. Munguva yakadaro yekuzvidya mwoyo Orfenov akatanga kukokwa kuBolshoi: kutanga kwekanguva, zvishoma gare gare, sechikamu cheboka. Anozvininipisa, achizvida, kubva panguva yaStanislavsky akakwanisa kuona zvose zvakanakisisa kubva kune shamwari dzake pachikuva. Uye pakanga pane mumwe munhu aizviziva - iyo yose yegoridhe arsenal yezwi reRussia panguva iyoyo yakanga iri kushanda, inotungamirirwa naObukhova, Barsova, Maksakova, Reizen, Pirogov naKhanaev. Mumakore ake 13 ekushanda paBolshoi, Orfenov akawana mukana wekushanda nevakuru vana: Samuil Samosud, Ariy Pazovsky, Nikolai Golovanov naAlexander Melik-Pashaev. Zvinosuruvarisa, asi nguva yanhasi haigoni kuzvitutumadza noukuru norunako rwakadaro.

Pamwe chete nevamwe vake vaviri vepedyo vaaishanda navo, vaimbi venziyo Solomon Khromchenko naPavel Chekin, Orfenov akatora mutsara we "yechipiri echelon" mutafura yemitambo yezvikamu pakarepo mushure meKozlovsky naLemeshev. Vaviri ava vaikwikwidzana vakanakidzwa nerudo rwekunyanyisa rwechokwadi rwakazara, rwakaganhurana nekunamata zvidhori. Zvakakwana kuyeuka hondo dzinotyisa dzemitambo pakati pemauto e "Kazlovites" ne "Lemeshists" kufungidzira kuti zvakanga zvakaoma sei kuti tisarasika uye, uyezve, kutora nzvimbo yakakodzera mumamiriro ezvinhu aya kune chero muimbi mutsva weimwe yakafanana. basa. Uye chokwadi chokuti unyanzvi hweOrfenov hwakanga huri pedyo nemweya kune vakatendeseka, "Yesenin" kutanga kweunyanzvi hwaLemeshev haadi uchapupu hunokosha, uyewo kuti iye nerukudzo akakunda muedzo wekuenzanisa kusingadzivisiki nemifananidzo yezvidhori. Hongu, mapremiere aisawanzo kupihwa, uye mitambo nekuvapo kwaStalin yakaitwa kunyange kashoma. Asi iwe unogamuchirwa nguva dzose kuimba nekutsiva (dhayari yemuimbi izere nezvinyorwa "Panzvimbo yeKozlovsky", "Panzvimbo yeLemeshev. Yakashumwa na4 o'clock masikati"; akanga ari Lemeshev Orfenov aiwanzoita inshuwarisi). Orfenov's diaries, umo munyori akanyora zvinyorwa pamusoro pechimwe nechimwe chezviito zvake, angave asina kukosha hukuru hwekunyora, asi ibhuku rinokosha renguva - tine mukana kwete kungonzwa kuti zvinorevei kuva "muchipiri." row” uye panguva imwe cheteyo kugamuchira kugutsikana kunofadza kubva pabasa rake, asi, zvinonyanya kukosha, kuratidza hupenyu hweBolshoi Theatre kubva 1942 kusvika 1955, kwete mune parade-yepamutemo maonero, asi kubva pakuona kwekushanda kwakajairika. mazuva. Vakanyora nezvekutanga muPravda uye vakavapa mibairo yaStalin, asi yaive yechipiri kana yechitatu vatambi vakatsigira kushanda kwakajairwa kwemitambo munguva yepamberi. Yakanga ichingova mushandi akavimbika uye asinganeti weBolshoi uyo aiva Anatoly Ivanovich Orfenov.

Ichokwadi, akawanawo Mubairo wake waStalin - weVasek muSmetana's The Bartered Bride. Kwakanga kuri kuita kwengano kwakaitwa naBoris Pokrovsky naKirill Kondrashin mushanduro yechiRussian naSergei Mikhalkov. Kugadzirwa kwacho kwakaitwa muna 1948 mukukudza makore makumi matatu eCzechoslovak Republic, asi yakava imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa makomedhi neveruzhinji uye akagara mune repertoire kwemakore mazhinji. Vazhinji vakazviona vanoona mufananidzo unotyisa waVashek seyepamusoro muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira biography. "Vashek aive nehuwandu hwehunhu hunoratidza hungwaru hwechokwadi hwekusika hwemunyori wemufananidzo wedariro - mutambi. Vashek Orfenova chifananidzo chakaitwa nehungwaru uye nehungwaru. Kukanganisa chaiko kwehunhu (kukakama, kupusa) kwakapfekedzwa pachikuva muhembe dzerudo rwemunhu, kuseka uye runako ”(BA Pokrovsky).

Orfenov aionekwa senyanzvi muWestern European repertoire, iyo yainyanya kuitwa paBazi, saka aiwanzoimba ipapo, muchivakwa cheSolodovnikovsky Theatre paBolshaya Dmitrovka (paive neMamontov Opera neZimin Opera. kutanga kwezana remakore rechi19-20, uye iye zvino anoshanda "Moscow Operetta"). Ane nyasha uye anoyevedza, kunyangwe nekuipa kwehasha dzake, aive Duke wake muRigoletto. The gallant Count Almaviva aipenya nekunatsa uye neuchenjeri muThe Barber yeSeville (mune opera iyi, yakaoma kune chero tenor, Orfenov akaisa rudzi rwezvinyorwa zvake - akaiimba ka107). Basa raAlfred muLa Traviata rakavakirwa pamisiyano: murume wechidiki anotya murudo akashanduka kuita murume ane godo akapofumadzwa nekutsamwa uye kutsamwa, uye pakupera kwe opera akaonekwa semunhu ane rudo rwakadzama uye anopfidza. Repertoire yeFrance yakamiririrwa naFaust naAubert's comic opera Fra Diavolo (chikamu chemusoro muchiitiko ichi chaive chekupedzisira basa muatheater yeLemeshev, sekunge Orfenov - rwiyo rwerwiyo rweamorous carabinieri Lorenzo). Akaimba Don Ottavio yaMozart muna Don Giovanni naBeethoven's Jacquino mune yakakurumbira dhizaini yaFidelio naGalina Vishnevskaya.

Iyo gallery yeRussia mifananidzo yeOrfenov yakavhurwa zvakakodzera naLensky. Inzwi remuimbi, iro raive rakapfava, rakajeka timbre, kupfava uye elasticity yeruzha, zvainyatsoenderana nemufananidzo wechidiki gamba renziyo. Lensky yake yakasiyaniswa neyakaoma yakaoma yehutete, kusachengeteka kubva kumadutu enyika. Chimwe chiitiko chikuru chaiva chifananidzo chebenzi dzvene mu "Boris Godunov". Muchiitiko ichi chinokosha chakaitwa naBaratov-Golovanov-Fyodorovsky, Anatoly Ivanovich akaimba pamberi paStalin kekutanga muupenyu hwake muna 1947. Chimwe chezviitiko "zvinoshamisa" zvehupenyu hwekugadzira zvinobatanidzwawo nekugadzirwa uku - rimwe zuva, panguva yeRigoletto. , Orfenov akaudzwa kuti pamagumo e opera aifanira kusvika kubva kubazi padanho guru (5 maminitsi kufamba) uye kuimba Mutsvene Fool. Yakanga iri nekuita uku kuti muna Gumiguru 9, 1968, boka reBolshoi Theatre rakapemberera makore makumi matanhatu emugadziri uye makore makumi matatu nemashanu echiitiko chake chekusika. Gennady Rozhdestvensky, uyo akaitisa manheru iwayo, akanyora mu“bhuku rebasa” kuti: “Upenyu hurefu hwounyanzvi!” Uye mutambi webasa raBoris, Alexander Vedernikov, akacherechedza: Orfenov ane pfuma inokosha zvikuru kune mhizha - pfungwa yekuenzanisa. Benzi Rake Dzvene chiratidzo chehana dzevanhu, seyaifungwa nomunyori.”

Orfenov akaonekwa ka70 mumufananidzo weSinodal muDhimoni, opera iyo yava isingawanzoitiki, uye panguva iyoyo imwe yezvinyorwa zvakanyanya. Kukunda kwakakomba kwemuimbi kwaivewo mapato akadai seMuenzi weIndia muSadko uye Tsar Berendey muSnegurochka. Uye zvakasiyana, maererano nemuimbi pachake, Bayan mu "Ruslan naLyudmila", Vladimir Igorevich mu "Prince Igor" naGritsko mu "Sorochinsky Fair" havana kusiya mutsara wakajeka (muimbi akafunga nezvebasa remukomana muMussorgsky opera. pakutanga "akakuvara", sezvo panguva yekutanga kushanda mukuita uku, kubuda ropa kwakaitika mumusungo). Mutambi wechiRussia ega akasiya muimbi asina hanya aive Lykov muThe Tsar's Bride - anonyora mudhayari yake: "Ini handidi Lykov." Sezviri pachena, kutora chikamu mumitambo yeSoviet haina kumutsa kufarira kwemuimbi, zvisinei, akapotsa asina kutora chikamu mazviri kuBolshoi, kunze kwekabalevsky yezuva rimwe opera "Under Moscow" (mudiki Muscovite Vasily), opera yevana vaKrasev " Morozko" (Sekuru) uye Muradeli's opera "The Great Friendship".

Pamwe chete nevanhu nenyika, gamba redu harina kupukunyuka mafungu enhoroondo. Musi waNovember 7, 1947, mutambo mukuru weOpera yaVano Muradeli The Great Friendship yakaitwa paBolshoi Theatre, umo Anatoly Orfenov akaita rwiyo rwemufudzi Dzhemal. Zvakazoitika, munhu wese anoziva - chirevo chakashata cheCentral Committee yeCPSU. Sei chaizvo iyi isingakuvadzi zvachose "rwiyo" opera yakashanda sechiratidzo chekutanga kutambudzwa kutsva kwe "formalists" Shostakovich uye Prokofiev chimwe chirahwe che dialectics. Iyo dialectic yekuguma kwaOrfenov haishamisi: aive mutsigiri mukuru wezvemagariro evanhu, mutevedzeri weRegional Council of People's Deputies, uye panguva imwecheteyo, hupenyu hwake hwese akachengeta kutenda muna Mwari mutsvene, akaenda kuchechi pachena uye akaramba. kupinda muBato reCommunist. Zvinoshamisa kuti haana kudyarwa.

Mushure mekufa kwaStalin, kucheneswa kwakanaka kwakarongwa muimba yemitambo - shanduko yekugadzira yakatanga. Uye Anatoly Orfenov aiva mumwe wekutanga akapiwa kunzwisisa kuti yakanga yava nguva yepenjeni yevakuru, kunyange muna 1955 muiti wacho aiva nemakore 47 chete. Akabva akumbira kusiya basa. Ndiyo yaiva pfuma yake inokosha - kubva pakarepo kubva kwaakanga asina kugamuchirwa.

Kushanda pamwe chete neRadio kwakatanga naOrfenov kumashure kwe40s - inzwi rake rakazove rinoshamisa "radiogenic" uye rakakwana zvakanaka pakurekodha. Panguva iyoyo yakanga isiri nguva yakanyatsojeka yenyika, apo manyepo ehudzvinyiriri akanga azara, apo mhepo yakazadzwa nekutaura kwokudya nyama kwomupomeri mukuru pamatare edzimhosva, kutepfenyura kwemimhanzi kwakanga kusina kuganhurirwa kufora kwevanofarira uye nziyo pamusoro paStalin. , asi akasimudzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Yairira kwemaawa akawanda pazuva, zvose pakurekodha uye kutepfenyura kubva kumastudio nehoro dzemakonzati. The 50s yakapinda munhoroondo yeRadio sezuva guru re opera - yaiva mukati memakore aya iyo yegoridhe opera stock yeredhiyo fund yakanyorwa. Mukuwedzera kune zvibodzwa zvinonyatsozivikanwa, vazhinji vakakanganwa uye vasingawanzoiti mabasa ekuvhiya vakazvarwa patsva, seRimsky-Korsakov's Pan Voyevoda, Tchaikovsky's Voyevoda uye Oprichnik. Mukutaura kwekukosha kweunyanzvi, boka rezwi reRadio, kana rakaderera kune Bolshoi Theatre, raingova zvishoma. Mazita aZara Dolukhanova, Natalia Rozhdestvenskaya, Deborah Pantofel-Nechetskaya, Nadezhda Kazantseva, Georgy Vinogradov, Vladimir Bunchikov aiva pamiromo yevanhu vose. Mamiriro ekugadzira uye evanhu paRadio yemakore iwayo aive akasiyana. Huwandu hwepamusoro hwehunyanzvi, kuravira kwakanaka, kugona kudzokorora, kugona uye kungwara kwevashandi, pfungwa yesangano revanhu uye kubatsirana kunoramba kuchifadza makore mazhinji gare gare, kana zvese izvi zvapera. Zviitiko paRadio, apo Orfenov akanga asiri muimbi chete, asiwo mutungamiriri wemhizha weboka rezwi, akave akabudirira zvikuru. Pamusoro pezvakawanda zvakarekodhwa, umo Anatoly Ivanovich airatidza hunhu hwakanakisa hwezwi rake, akatanga kudzidzira mitambo yeruzhinji yemaopera neRadio muImba yeColumns yeImba yeMubatanidzwa. Nehurombo, nhasi iyi yakapfuma muunganidzwa wemimhanzi yakarekodhwa yave isiri nzvimbo uye inonyepa kufa - nguva yekunwa yakaisa pamberi zvakasiyana zvachose zvemimhanzi pamberi.

Anatoly Orfenov aizivikanwawo semutambi wekamuri. Ainyanya kubudirira mumutauro weRussia. Marekodhi emakore akasiyana anoratidza chimiro chemuimbi chemvura uye, panguva imwecheteyo, kugona kuendesa mutambo wakavanzika we subtext. Basa raOrfenov mumhando yekamuri rinosiyaniswa netsika uye kuravira kwakanaka. Pende remugadziri wenzira dzekuratidzira akapfuma - kubva kunenge ethereal mezza voce uye transparent cantilena kusvika kumagumo anoratidza. Mune zvinyorwa zve1947-1952. Iyo stylistic yepakutanga yemunyori wega wega inonyatso kuburitswa. Kunatsiridza kwehunyanzvi hwekudanana kwaGlinka kunoenderana nekureruka kwechokwadi kwerudo rwaGurilev (iyo yakakurumbira Bell, yakapihwa pane iyi disc, inogona kushanda seyero yekuitwa kwemumhanzi wekamuri yepamberi yeGlinka era). PaDargomyzhsky, Orfenov ainyanya kufarira zverudo "Chii chiri muzita rangu kwauri" uye "Ndakafa nemufaro", iyo yaakadudzira sezvinyengeri zvepfungwa zvidhori. Mune zverudo zveRimsky-Korsakov, muimbi akatanga manzwiro ekutanga nekudzika kwenjere. Rachmaninov's monologue "Usiku mubindu rangu" inonzwika uye inoshamisa. Chinonyanya kufarirwa ndezvakarekodhwa zverudo naTaneyev naTcherepnin, vane mimhanzi isinganyanyi kunzwika mumakonzati.

Taneyev's romance lyrics anoratidzirwa ne impressionistic moods uye mavara. Muimbi akakwanisa kutora mumadiki ake shanduko dzakajeka mumumvuri muchimiro chegamba renziyo. Mifungo nemanzwiro zvinowedzerwa nekunzwika kwemhepo yeusiku yechirimo kana chamupupuri chinotyisa zvishoma chebhora (sezviri murudo runozivikanwa runobva panhetembo naY. Polonsky "Mask"). Achifunga nezveunyanzvi hwekamuri yeTcherepnin, Academician Boris Asafiev akakwevera pfungwa kune pesvedzero yechikoro cheRimsky-Korsakov uye French impressionism ("kukwevera pakubata zvinoonekwa zvechisikigo, kumhepo, kuruvara, kune nuances yechiedza nemumvuri") . Mune zverudo zvakavakirwa panhetembo dzaTyutchev, aya maficha anonzwisiswa mune yakanakisa ruvara rwekuwirirana uye magadzirirwo, mune yakanaka ruzivo, kunyanya muchikamu chepiyano. Zvakarekodhwa zverudo rwechiRussia zvakaitwa naOrfenov pamwe chete nemuimbi wepiyano David Gaklin muenzaniso wakanakisa wechamber ensemble kugadzira mimhanzi.

Muna 1950, Anatoly Orfenov akatanga kudzidzisa ari Gnessin Institute. Aiva mudzidzisi ane hanya uye ainzwisisa. Haana kumbomanikidzira, haana kumanikidzira kutevedzera, asi nguva dzose paakabva kune mumwe munhu uye mano emudzidzi mumwe nomumwe. Kunyange zvazvo pasina mumwe wavo akazova muimbi mukuru uye asina kuita basa renyika, asi vangani purofesa Orfenov akakwanisa kugadzirisa manzwi - aiwanzopiwa vasina tariro kana avo vasina kutorwa mumakirasi avo nevamwe, vadzidzisi vane chido. . Pakati pevadzidzi vake vakanga vasiri tenisi chete, asiwo mabhesi (tenor Yuri Speransky, akashanda mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana yeU.SR, zvino anotungamira dhipatimendi rekudzidzira opera paGnessin Academy). Paiva nemazwi mashoma echikadzi, uye pakati pavo paiva nemwanasikana mukuru Lyudmila, akazova soloist weBolshoi Theater Choir. Chiremera chaOrfenov semudzidzisi pakupedzisira chakava chepasirese. Basa rake renguva refu (anoda kusvika makore gumi) basa rekudzidzisa kune dzimwe nyika rakatanga muChina uye rakaenderera mberi kuCairo neBratislava conservatories.

Muna 1963, kudzoka kwekutanga kuBolshoi Theatre kwakaitika, uko Anatoly Ivanovich aitungamirira boka re opera kwemakore matanhatu - aya ndiwo makore apo La Scala akatanga kuuya, uye Bolshoi vakashanyira muMilan, apo nyeredzi dzemangwana (Obraztsova, Atlantov , Nesterenko, Mazurok, Kasrashvili, Sinyavskaya, Piavko). Zvinoenderana nekuyeukwa kwevazhinji maartist, pakanga pasina boka rakanaka kudaro. Orfenov aigara achiziva kutora nzvimbo ye "golden mean" pakati pevatungamiri nevaimbi, vakatsigira vaimbi, kunyanya vechidiki, nezano rakanaka. Pakutanga kwe6s uye 60s, simba muBolshoi Theatre rakachinja zvakare, uye dhipatimendi rose, rinotungamirirwa naChulaki naAnastasiev, rakasiya. Muna 70, apo Anatoly Ivanovich akadzoka kubva kuCzechoslovakia, akabva anzi Bolshoi. Muna 1980, akasiya basa nekuda kwekurwara. Akafa muna 1985. Akavigwa pamakuva eVagankovsky.

Tine inzwi rake. Paiva nemadhayari, zvinyorwa uye mabhuku (pakati payo "Sobinov's creative nzira", uyewo muunganidzwa wemifananidzo yekugadzira yevaduku soloists veBolshoi "Vechidiki, tariro, kubudirira"). Zviyeuchidzo zvinodziya zvemazuva ano neshamwari zvinoramba zviripo, zvichipupurira kuti Anatoly Orfenov aiva murume ane Mwari mumweya wake.

Andrey Khripin