Edvard Grieg |

Edvard Grieg

… Ndakatora pfuma yakawanda yenziyo dzechivanhu kubva kunyika yangu uye kubva pane izvi, zvisati zvamboongororwa, kudzidza nezvemweya wevanhu vekuNorway, ndakaedza kugadzira art yenyika ... E. Grieg

E. Grieg ndiye munyori wekutanga wekuNorway ane basa rakapfuura miganhu yenyika yake ndokuva pfuma yetsika dzeEurope. Concerto yepiyano, mimhanzi yedhirama raG. Ibsen “Peer Gynt”, “Lyric Pieces” uye dzerudo ndiwo musimboti wemimhanzi wehafu yechipiri yezana ramakore re1890. Kusikwa kwekusika kwemunyori kwakaitika mumhepo yekukurumidza kutumbuka kwehupenyu hwemweya hweNorway, kufarira kwakawedzera munhoroondo yayo yekare, ngano, uye tsika yenhaka. Panguva ino yakaunza "boka renyeredzi" rose revanyori vane tarenda, vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana - A. Tidemann mukupenda, G. Ibsen, B. Bjornson, G. Wergeland naO. Vigne mumabhuku. "Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, Norway yakasangana nekukwira kwakadaro mumunda wezvinyorwa zvekuti hapana imwe nyika kunze kweRussia inogona kuzvirumbidza nayo," F. Engels akanyora muna XNUMX. "... Vanhu vekuNorwegi vanogadzira zvakawanda kupfuura vamwe, uye vanoisa chitambi chavo pamabhuku evamwe vanhu, uye kwete paGerman."

Grieg akaberekerwa muBergen, uko baba vake vakashanda semumiriri weBritish. Amai vake, mutambi wepiyano ane chipo, akatungamirira zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvaEdward, akaisa maari rudo rweMozart. Achitevera zano remutambi weviolin akakurumbira wokuNorway U. Bull, Grieg muna 1858 akapinda muLeipzig Conservatory. Kunyange zvazvo hurongwa hwekudzidzisa husina kugutsa zvakakwana jaya, iro rakakwevera kune mimhanzi yerudo yaR. Schumann, F. Chopin naR. Wagner, makore ekudzidza haana kupfuura pasina mutsara: akabatana netsika dzeEurope, akawedzera mimhanzi yake. horizons, uye nyanzvi yehunyanzvi tekinoroji. Kunzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu, Grieg akawana varairidzi vanonzwisisa vairemekedza tarenda rake (K. Reinecke mukuumbwa, E. Wenzel naI. Moscheles mupiyano, M. Hauptmann mudzidziso). Kubva muna 1863, Grieg ave achigara muCopenhagen, achivandudza unyanzvi hwake hwokunyora achitungamirirwa nemunyori anozivikanwa weDanish N. Gade. Pamwe chete neshamwari yake, munyori R. Nurdrok, Grieg akagadzira sangano remimhanzi reEuterpa muCopenhagen, chinangwa chayo chaiva chokuparadzira nekusimudzira basa revanyori vechidiki veScandinavian. Paaifamba achitenderera Norway neBull, Grieg akadzidza kunzwisisa uye kunzwa zvirinani ngano yenyika. Iyo yerudo inopandukira Piano Sonata muE Minor, Yekutanga Violin Sonata, Humoresques yePiano - iyi ndiyo mhedzisiro inovimbisa yenguva yekutanga yebasa remunyori.

Nekutamira kuChristiania (zvino yava Oslo) muna 1866, nhanho itsva, ine zvibereko zvinoshamisa muupenyu hwemunyori yakatanga. Kusimbisa tsika dzemimhanzi yenyika, kubatanidza kuedza kwevaimbi veNorway, kudzidzisa vanhu - aya ndiwo mabasa makuru eGrieg muguta guru. Pakuita kwake, Academy of Music yakavhurwa muChristiania (1867). Muna 1871, Grieg akatanga nheyo yeMusical Society muguta guru, mumakonti ayo akaitisa mabasa aMozart, Schumann, Liszt naWagner, pamwe chete nevanyori vemazuva ano veScandinavian - J. Swensen, Nurdrok, Gade nevamwe. Grieg anoitawo semupiyano - mutambi wemabasa ake epiyano, pamwe chete mumusangano nemudzimai wake, muimbi ane chipo chekamuri, Nina Hagerup. Mabasa enguva ino - iyo Piano Concerto (1868), bhuku rekutanga re "Lyric Pieces" (1867), yechipiri Violin Sonata (1867) - inopupurira kupinda kwemunyori muzera rekukura. Zvisinei, mabasa makuru ekugadzira uye ekudzidzisa aGrieg muguta guru akawana hunyengeri, mafungiro asina kunaka kune unyanzvi. Kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu eshanje nokusanzwisisana, aida kutsigirwa nevanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana. Naizvozvo, chimwe chiitiko chisingakanganwiki muupenyu hwake chaiva musangano naLiszt, wakaitika muna 1870 muRoma. Mashoko okuonekana omuimbi mukuru, kuongorora kwake kwokushingaira kwePiano Concerto akadzorera kuzvivimba kwaGrieg: “Rambai muchienda nomweya mumwe chete, ndinokuudzai izvi. Iwe une data reizvi, uye usazvirega iwe uchityisidzirwa! – mashoko aya aiita sechikomborero kuna Grieg. Ruzivo rwehupenyu hwese, iyo Grieg akagamuchira kubva muna 1874, yakaita kuti zvibvirire kudzikamisa konzati yake uye mabasa ekudzidzisa muguta guru, uye kuenda kuEurope kazhinji. Muna 1877 Grieg akabva Christiania. Achiramba kupihwa kweshamwari kuti vagare muCopenhagen neLeipzig, akada hupenyu hwega uye hwekugadzira muHardanger, imwe yenzvimbo dzemukati meNorway.

Kubva 1880, Grieg akagara muBergen nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza paimba "Trollhaugen" ("Troll Hill"). Kudzokera kunyika yake kwaiva nemigumisiro inobatsira pamamiriro ekusika emunyori. Dambudziko rekupera kwema70s. yapfuura, Grieg akasanganazve nekuwedzera kwesimba. Mukunyarara kweTrollhaugen, maviri orchestral suites "Peer Gynt", iyo tambo quartet muG minor, iyo suite "Kubva panguva yeHolberg", zvinyorwa zvitsva zve "Lyric Pieces", zverudo uye kutenderera kwezwi zvakagadzirwa. Kusvikira makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, mabasa edzidzo aGrieg akaenderera mberi (achitungamirira makonti eBergen musical society Harmony, achironga mutambo wekutanga weNorwegian music muna 1898). Basa remunyori akasimbisa rakatsiviwa nenzendo (Germany, Austria, England, France); vakabatsira mukupararira kwemimhanzi yeNorway muEurope, vakaunza hukama hutsva, vanozivana nevanyori vakuru vemazuva ano - I. Brahms, C. Saint-Saens, M. Reger, F. Busoni, nevamwe.

Muna 1888 Grieg akasangana naP. Tchaikovsky muLeipzig. Ushamwari hwavo hwenguva refu hwakanga hwakavakirwa, mumashoko aTchaikovsky, “paukama hwomukati husingapokane hwemiviri miviri yemimhanzi.” Pamwe chete naTchaikovsky, Grieg akapiwa chiremba chekuremekedza kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge (1893). Tchaikovsky's overture "Hamlet" yakatsaurirwa kuna Grieg. Basa remunyori rakapedzwa neMapisarema mana kuOld Norwegian Melodies yebaritone nekwaya yakasanganiswa cappella (1906). Mufananidzo wekumusha mukubatana kwezvisikwa, tsika dzemweya, ngano, yekare uye yemazuva ano yaiva pakati pebasa raGrieg, achitungamirira tsvakurudzo dzake dzose. “Ndinowanzombundikira mupfungwa yose yeNorway, uye ichi kwandiri chimwe chinhu chepamusoro-soro. Hapana mudzimu mukuru unogona kudiwa nesimba rakafanana nerezvakasikwa! Kunyanya kudzika uye nehunyanzvi hwakakwana hwekuita kweiyo epic chifananidzo chenyika yaamai chaive 2 orchestral masutu "Peer Gynt", umo Grieg akapa dudziro yake yerangano yaIbsen. Achisiya kunze kwetsananguro yaPer semunhu anofarira, anozvimiririra uye anopandukira, Grieg akagadzira nhetembo ine rwiyo rwekuNorway, akaimba runako rwechimiro chayo ("Mangwanani"), akapenda mifananidzo isinganzwisisike yengano ("Mubako regomo. mambo"). Zvinorehwa nezviratidzo zvekusingaperi zvekumusha zvakawanikwa nemifananidzo yaamai vaPer - yekare Oze - nemwenga wake Solveig ("Rufu rwaOze" uye "Solveig's Lullaby").

Iwo masutu airatidza mavambo emutauro weGrigovian, uyo wakaburitsa mataurirwo echiNorwegian folklore, kugona kwemumhanzi wakadzikama uye wakatambanuka, umo mufananidzo weepic wakasiyana-siyana unoonekwa mukuenzanisa kwemifananidzo mipfupi yeorchestral. Tsika dzeSchumann's chirongwa madiki anogadzirwa neLyric Pieces yepiyano. Sketches yenzvimbo dzekuchamhembe ("Muchirimo", "Nocturne", "Kumba", "The Bells"), mhando nemitambo yemhando ("Lullaby", "Waltz", "Butterfly", "Brook"), murimi wekuNorway. matambiro ("Halling", "Springdance", "Gangar"), anonakidza mavara engano dzechivanhu ("Procession of the Dwarves", "Kobold") uye chaizvo mitambo yenziyo ("Arietta", "Melody", "Elegy") - nyika huru yemifananidzo inotorwa mumadhayari evanyori venziyo idzi.

Piano diki, rudo uye rwiyo zvinoumba hwaro hwebasa remunyori. Maparera echokwadi emashoko aGrigov, anotambanudza kubva pakufungisisa kwechiedza, kufungidzira kwefilosofi kune chido chekuda, rwiyo, dzaive dzerudo "The Swan" (Art. Ibsen), "Dream" (Art. F. Bogenshtedt), "Ndinokuda" ( Art. G. X Andersen). Kufanana nevanyori vakawanda verudo, Grieg anobatanidza madiki ezwi muzvikamu - "Pamusoro peRocks neFjords", "Norway", "Musikana anobva kuMakomo", nezvimwewo. Zvizhinji zverudo zvinoshandisa zvinyorwa zvevanyori veScandinavian. Kubatana nemabhuku enyika, iyo heroic Scandinavia epic yakaratidzwawo muzwi uye zvechiridzwa mabasa evanoimba, kwaya uye orchestra zvichibva pane zvinyorwa zveB. Bjornson: "Pamasuwo emonastery", "Dzokera kunyika yekwavo", "Olaf". Trygvason” (p.50).

Zvishandiso zvezviridzwa zvemafomu makuru ecyclic zvinoratidzira zvakakosha zvakanyanya mukushanduka kwemunyori. Koniti yepiyano, iyo yakazarura nguva yekugadzira kubudirira, yakanga iri chimwe chezviitiko zvinokosha munhoroondo yemhando munzira kubva kumakonsati aL. Beethoven kuenda kuP. Tchaikovsky naS. Rachmaninov. Iyo symphonic hupamhi hwebudiriro, iyo orchestral chiyero cheruzha inoratidzira iyo String Quartet muG minor.

Kunzwa kwakadzama kwechimiro cheviolin, chiridzwa chakanyanya kufarirwa muvanhu vekuNorway uye mimhanzi yehunyanzvi, inowanikwa mumatatu sonatas eviolin nepiyano - muchiedza-idyllic Kutanga; ine simba, ine ruvara rwenyika rwechipiri neyechitatu, yakamira pakati pemabasa emunyori anoshamisa, pamwe chete nepiyano Ballade muchimiro chekusiyana kwenziyo dzechiNorwegian, iyo Sonata yeCello nePiano. Mukutenderera kwese uku, misimboti ye sonata dramaturgy inopindirana nemisimboti ye suite, kutenderera kwezvidiki (zvichibva pakuchinjana kwemahara, "ketani" yezvikamu zvakasiyana zvinotora shanduko yekumwe kamwe mukufungidzira, inotaura izvo zvinoumba "rukova rwezvinoshamisa. ", mumashoko aB. Asafiev).

The suite genre inotonga Grieg's symphonic work. Mukuwedzera kune masutu "Peer Gynt", munyori akanyora chikwata chetambo orchestra "Kubva Panguva yeHolberg" (nenzira yezvikwata zvekare zveBach neHandel); "Symphonic dances" pamadingindira eNorwegian, suite kubva mumhanzi kuenda kudhirama raB. Bjornson "Sigurd Jorsalfar", zvichingodaro.

Basa raGrieg rakakurumidza kuwana nzira kune vateereri vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana, vatova muma70s. yezana remakore rapfuura, yakava inofarirwa uye yakapinda zvakadzama muhupenyu hwemimhanzi hweRussia. "Grieg akakwanisa kuhwina mwoyo yeRussia nekukurumidza," akanyora Tchaikovsky. "Mumhanzi wake, wakazadzwa nerunako rwekunyangadza, kuratidza runako rwechiNorwegian hunhu, dzimwe nguva hunoshamisa uye hwakakura, dzimwe nguva grey, hunyoro, hurombo, asi hunogara huchifadza mweya wemunhu wekuchamhembe, pane chimwe chinhu chiri padyo nesu, mudiwa, pakarepo tichiwana mumwoyo yedu mhinduro youshamwari, yokunzwira tsitsi.

I. Okhalova

• Hupenyu uye basa raGrieg →
• Piano yaGrieg inoshanda →
• Chamber-instrumental kusika kweGrieg →
• Romance nenziyo dzaGrieg →
• Zvimiro zvemumhanzi wevanhu vekuNorwegian uye pesvedzero yayo pamaitiro aGrieg →

Hupenyu uye nzira yekugadzira

Edvard Hagerup Grieg akaberekwa musi waChikumi 15, 1843. Madzitateguru ake ndiScots (nezita rekuti Greig). Asi sekuru vangu vakagarawo muNorway, vakashanda somumiririri weBritain muguta reBergen; nzvimbo imwe cheteyo yakanga yakabatwa nababa vomunyori. Mhuri iyi yaiita zvemimhanzi. Amai - muimbi akanaka wepiyano - vakadzidzisa vana mumhanzi ivo pachavo. Gare gare, kuwedzera kuna Edward, mukoma wake mukuru John akawana dzidzo yeunyanzvi hwemimhanzi (akapedza kudzidza kuLeipzig Conservatory mukirasi ye cello naFriedrich Grützmacher naKarl Davydov).

Bergen, uko Grieg akaberekerwa uye akapedza makore ake echidiki, aive nemukurumbira nekuda kwetsika dzayo dzehunyanzvi, kunyanya mumunda wemitambo: Henrik Ibsen naBjornstjerne Bjornson vakatanga mabasa avo pano; Ole Bull akaberekerwa muBergen uye akagara kwenguva yakareba. Ndiye akatanga kukwevera ngwariro kutarenda yaEdward yakaisvonaka yemimhanzi (mukomana akaumbwa kubva pazera ramakore gumi namaviri) ndokurayira vabereki vake kuti vamupe kuLeipzig Conservatory, iyo yakaitika muna 1858. Nenguva pfupi, Grieg akagara muLeipzig kusvikira 1862 . (Muna 1860, Grieg akarwara nechirwere chakakomba chaikanganisa hutano hwake: akarasikirwa nebapu rimwe chete.).

Grieg, pasina mufaro, akazoyeuka makore edzidzo yezvekuchengetedza, nzira dzekudzidzisa dzechikoro, kuchengetedza kwevadzidzisi vake, kuparadzaniswa kwavo kubva muupenyu. Nematoni ekuseka kwakanaka, akatsanangura makore aya, pamwe nehuduku hwake, mune chinyorwa che autobiographical chine musoro unoti "Kubudirira Kwangu Kwekutanga". Munyori muduku akawana simba roku“rasa joko remarara ose asina madikanwa ayo kurerwa kwake kuduku kumusha nokunze kwaakanga aita,” uko kwakatyisidzira kumupinza munzira isina kururama. "Musimba iri mune ruponeso rwangu, mufaro wangu," Grieg akanyora. “Uye pandakanzwisisa simba iri, pandakangozviziva pachangu, ndakaziva zvandaizoda kudaidza kuti rangu. chete kubudirira…”. Zvisinei, kugara kwake muLeipzig kwakamupa zvakawanda: mararamiro emimhanzi muguta iri akanga akakwirira. Uye kana zvisiri mukati memadziro ekuchengetedza, ipapo kunze kwayo, Grieg akabatana nemimhanzi yevanyori vemazuva ano, pakati pavo aikoshesa zvikuru Schumann naChopin.

Grieg akaramba achivandudza semunyori munzvimbo yemimhanzi yenguva iyoyo Scandinavia - Copenhagen. Munyori weDanish anozivikanwa zvikuru, anoyemura Mendelssohn, Nils Gade (1817-1890) akava mutungamiriri wayo. Asi kunyange zvidzidzo izvi hazvina kugutsa Grieg: akanga achitsvaga nzira itsva mune unyanzvi. Kusangana naRikard Nurdrok kwakabatsira kuvawana - "sokunge chidzitiro chawa kubva mumaziso angu," akadaro. Vaimbi vechidiki vakapika kuti vachapa zvese zvavo mukusimudzira nyika Norwegian kutanga mumimhanzi, vakazivisa kurwisana kusina tsitsi nerudo rwakapfava "Scandinavism", iyo yakagadzirisa mukana wekuburitsa kutanga uku. Kutsvaga kwekugadzira kwaGrieg kwakatsigirwa neushamwari naOle Bull - panguva yekufamba kwavo pamwe chete muNorway, akatanga shamwari yake yechidiki mune zvakavanzika zvehunyanzvi hwemagariro.

Zvishuvo zvitsva zvepfungwa hazvina kunonoka kukanganisa basa remunyori. Mupiyano "Humoresques" op. 6 uye sonata op. 7, uyewo mune violin sonata op. 8 uye Overture "Muna Autumn" op. 11, maficha ega ega echimiro chaGrieg atove kuratidzwa zvakajeka. Akavavandudza zvakanyanya munguva inotevera yehupenyu hwake yakabatana naChristiania (zvino Oslo).

Kubva muna 1866 kusvika muna 1874, nguva iyi yakaoma zvikuru yemimhanzi, kuita uye kuumba basa rakaenderera mberi.

Kudzoka kuCopenhagen, pamwe naNurdrok, Grieg akaronga sangano reEuterpe, iro rakazvigadzirira chinangwa chekusimudzira mabasa evaimbi vaduku. Achidzokera kunyika yake, muguta guru reNorway, Christiania, Grieg akapa mabasa ake emimhanzi nemagariro evanhu vakawanda. Sezvo ari mukuru wePhilharmonic Society, akatsvaka, pamwe chete nevekare, kuisa muvateereri kufarira uye rudo rwemabasa aSchumann, Liszt, Wagner, vane mazita akanga asati azivikanwa muNorway, pamwe chete nemimhanzi ye. Norwegian vanyori. Grieg akaitawo semupiyano achiita mabasa ake, kazhinji achibatsirana nemudzimai wake, muimbi wekamuri Nina Hagerup. Zviitwa zvake zvekuimba nedzidzo zvaifambirana nebasa rakasimba semunyori. Pakanga pari mukati memakore aya paakanyora yakakurumbira piyano concerto op. 16, Violin Yechipiri Sonata, op. 13 (imwe yenziyo dzake dzinonyanya kudiwa) uye anotanga kuburitsa akateedzana ezvinyorwa zvezvimedu zvezwi, pamwe nepiyano madiki, zvese zviri zviviri lyrical uye folk kutamba.

Basa guru uye rine zvibereko raGrieg muChristiania, zvisinei, harina kugamuchira kuzivikanwa kwakakodzera kune veruzhinji. Aive nevabatsiri vanoshamisa muhondo yake yekuda nyika yedemocracy yeunyanzvi hwenyika - chekutanga, munyori Svensen uye munyori Bjornson (aive akabatana nevekupedzisira kwemakore mazhinji ehushamwari), asiwo vavengi vazhinji - vashingairi vekare, uyo akafukidza makore ake ekugara muChristiania nemanomano avo. Naizvozvo, betsero youshamwari iyo Liszt akamupa yakarovererwa zvikurukuru mundangariro yaGrieg.

Liszt, atora chinzvimbo cheabbot, akararama mumakore aya muRoma. Akanga asingazivi Grieg pachake, asi pakupera kwa1868, ajairana neFirst Violin Sonata, akabatwa nekutsva kwemimhanzi, akatumira tsamba inofadza kumunyori. Tsamba iyi yakaita basa guru mubiography yaGrieg: Tsigiro yetsika yaLiszt yakasimbisa chimiro chake chepfungwa nehunyanzvi. Muna 1870, vakasangana pachavo. Shamwari inokudzwa uye ine rupo yezvose zvine tarenda mumhanzi wemazuva ano, ainyanya kutsigira noushamwari avo vakaziva national kutanga mukusika, Liszt akatambira noushamwari konsati yepiyano yaGrieg ichangopedzwa. Akamuudza kuti: “Ramba uchienda, une data rese reizvi, uye - usazvirega uchityisidzirwa! ..”.

Achiudza mhuri yake nezvemusangano naLiszt, Grieg akawedzera kuti: “Mashoko aya anokosha zvikuru kwandiri. Zvakaita sechikomborero. Uye kanopfuura kamwechete, munguva dzekuora mwoyo uye kutsamwa, ndichayeuka mazwi ake, uye zviyeuchidzo zveawa ino zvichanditsigira nesimba remashiripiti mumazuva ekuedzwa.

Grieg akaenda kuItaly pamari yehurumende yaakagamuchira. Makore mashomanana gare gare, pamwe chete naSwensen, akagamuchira penjeni yeupenyu hwose kubva kuhurumende, iyo yakamusunungura pakudiwa kwokuwana basa rechigarire. Muna 1873, Grieg akasiya Christiania, uye gore rakatevera akagara muBergen yake. Iyo inotevera, yekupedzisira, yakareba nguva yehupenyu hwake inotanga, inoratidzwa nekubudirira kukuru kwekusika, kuzivikanwa neveruzhinji kumba nekune dzimwe nyika. Iyi nguva inotanga nekugadzirwa kwemimhanzi yemutambo waIbsen "Peer Gynt" (1874-1875). Yaiva mimhanzi iyi yakaita kuti zita raGrieg rikurumbire muEurope. Pamwe chete nemimhanzi yePeer Gynt, inoyevedza piyano ballad op. 24, tambo quartet op. 27, suite "Kubva panguva yeHolberg" op. 40, nhevedzano yemabhuku ezvinyorwa zvepiyano zvidimbu uye mazwi ezwi, apo munyori anowedzera kutendeukira kune zvinyorwa zvevadetembi vekuNorway, nemamwe mabasa. Mimhanzi yaGrieg iri kuwana mukurumbira mukuru, ichipinda munhandare yemakonti uye hupenyu hwepamba; mabasa ake anodhindwa neimwe yedzimba dzinozivikanwa kwazvo dzekuGermany dzekuburitsa, nhamba dzenzendo dzekonzati dziri kuwedzera. Mukucherechedza kugona kwake kwehunyanzvi, Grieg akasarudzwa senhengo yeacademies akati wandei: Swedish muna 1872, Leiden (muHolland) muna 1883, French muna 1890, uye pamwe chete naTchaikovsky muna 1893 - chiremba weCambridge University.

Nokufamba kwenguva, Grieg anowedzera kunzvenga hupenyu hwemheremhere yeguta guru. Nezvekushanya, anofanirwa kushanyira Berlin, Vienna, Paris, London, Prague, Warsaw, ari kuNorway anogara ari ega, kunyanya kunze kweguta (kutanga muLufthus, ipapo pedyo neBergen panzvimbo yake, inonzi Troldhaugen, iyo kuti, “Chikomo cheTroll”); anoshandisa yakawanda yenguva yake kugadzira. Uye zvakadaro, Grieg haaregi basa remimhanzi uye rekugarisana nevamwe. Saka, mukati memakore 1880-1882, akatungamira Harmony konzati nzanga muBergen, uye muna 1898 akabatawo yekutanga Norwegian music festival (yemakonsati matanhatu) ipapo. Asi nekufamba kwemakore, izvi zvaifanira kusiiwa: hutano hwake hwakaipa, zvirwere zvemapapu zvakawedzera. Grieg akafa pana September 4, 1907. Rufu rwake rwakarangarirwa muNorway sokuchema kworudzi.

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Kunzwa kwekunzwira tsitsi kwakadzama kunomutsa kutaridzika kwaEdvard Grieg - muimbi uye munhu. Anoteerera uye munyoro mukubata nevanhu, mubasa rake aizivikanwa nekutendeseka uye kuvimbika, uye, asingatori chikamu chakananga muupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika, aigara achiita semutongi ane chokwadi. Zvaanofarira vanhu vokwake zvakanga zviri pamusoro pake. Ndicho chikonzero, mumakore apo maitiro akaonekwa kune dzimwe nyika, akabatwa nemasimba akaipa, Grieg akaita semumwe wevakakurumbira. musoro artists. "Ini ndinopokana nemhando dzese dze"isms," akadaro, achikakavadzana nevaWagnerian.

Muzvinyorwa zvake zvishoma, Grieg anoratidza akawanda ane chinangwa chekunaka kutonga. Anokotama pamberi penyanzvi yeMozart, asi panguva imwe cheteyo anotenda kuti paakasangana naWagner, "iyi nyanzvi yepasi rose, iyo mweya wayo wakagara wakasiyana kune chero philistinism, ingadai yakafara semwana pane zvose zvitsva zvinokunda mumunda we. drama uye orchestra.” JS Bach kwaari ndiye "dombo rekona" remazuva ano art. MuSchumann, anoonga pamusoro pese "inodziya, yakadzika pamwoyo toni" yemimhanzi. Uye Grieg anozviona senhengo yechikoro cheSchumannian. Chimiro chekuora mwoyo uye kurota masikati chinomuita kuti ave nehukama nemimhanzi yeGermany. “Zvisinei, tinoda kujeka uye kupfupika,” anodaro Grieg, “kunyange kutaura kwedu kwokukurukurirana kwakajeka uye kwakarurama. Tinoedza kuita izvi zvakajeka uye nemazvo muhunyanzvi hwedu. " Anowana mazwi mazhinji emutsa eBrahms, uye anotanga chinyorwa chake mukurangarira Verdi nemashoko: "Mukuru wekupedzisira asiya ...".

Hukama hwakanaka kwazvo hwakabatanidza Grieg naTchaikovsky. Kuzivana kwavo kwomunhu oga kwakaitika muna 1888 uye kwakachinja kuva kunzwa kworudo rukuru, kwakatsanangurwa, mumashoko aTchaikovsky, “neukama hwomukati husingapanikirwi hwezvimiro zviviri zvenziyo.” “Ndinodada kuti ndawana ushamwari hwenyu,” akanyora kudaro kuna Grieg. Uye iyewo, akarota mumwe musangano "chero kwawaiva: muRussia, Norway kana kumwewo!" Tchaikovsky akaratidza manzwiro ake ekuremekedza Grieg nekupa iyo overture-fantasy Hamlet kwaari. Akapa tsananguro inoshamisa yebasa raGrieg mune yake Autobiographical Tsanangudzo yeRwendo Kune Kunze kwenyika muna 1888.

"Mumhanzi wake, wakazadzwa nekunyangadza kunonakidza, kuratidza runako rwechiNorwegian hunhu, dzimwe nguva hukuru hwakakura uye hwakakura, dzimwe nguva grey, hunyoro, hurombo, asi hunogara huchifadza mweya wemunhu wekuchamhembe, pane chimwe chinhu chiri padyo nesu, mudiwa, pakarepo inowanikwa mumoyo yedu inodziya, inonzwira tsitsi mhinduro ... Zvakawanda sei kudziya uye chido mumitsara yake inonzwika, - Tchaikovsky akanyora zvakare, - yakawanda sei kiyi yekukunda hupenyu mukuwirirana kwake, mavambo uye hunhu hunoyemurika muhungwaru hwake, piquant. modulations uye mune rhythm, sezvimwe zvese, zvinogara zvichinakidza, zvitsva, zvepakutanga! Kana isu tikawedzera kune zvese izvi zvisingawanzo hunhu huzere nyore, mutorwa kune chero hunyanzvi uye kunyepedzera ... saka hazvishamise kuti munhu wese anoda Grieg, kuti anozivikanwa kwese kwese! ..».

M. Druskin

Zvinyorwa:

Piano inoshanda vanenge 150 chete Many Little Pieces (p. 1, yakabudiswa 1862); 70 iri mu10 "Lyric Notebooks" (yakabudiswa kubva ku1870s kusvika 1901) Mabasa makuru anosanganisira: Sonata e-moll op. 7 (1865) Ballad muchimiro chekusiyana op. 24 (1875)

Papiyano maoko mana Symphonic Pieces op. gumi nemana emitambo yekuNorway op. 35 Waltzes-Caprices (2 zvidimbu) op. 37 Old Norse Romance ine Variations op. 50 (kune orchestral edition) 4 Mozart sonatas yepiyano 2 maoko mana (F-dur, c-moll, C-dur, G-dur)

Nziyo neRomances pamwe chete - nekuburitswa kwakaburitswa - pamusoro pe140

Chamber instrumental works Yekutanga Violin Sonata muF-dur op. 8 (1866) Yechipiri Violin Sonata G-dur op. 13 (1871) Yechitatu violin sonata mu c-moll, op. 45 (1886) Cello sonata a-moll op. 36 (1883) String quartet g-moll op. 27 (1877-1878)

Symphonic inoshanda "MuAutumn", overture op. 11 (1865-1866) Piano Concerto a-moll op. 16 (1868) 2 nziyo dzemhando yepamusoro (dzinobva panziyo dzako) dzetambo orchestra, op. 34 "Kubva panguva yeHolberg", suite (5 zvidimbu) yetambo orchestra, op. 40 (1884) 2 masutu (9 zvidimbu) kubva mumhanzi kuenda kumutambo waG. Ibsen "Peer Gynt" op. 46 ne55 (kunopera 80s) 2 nziyo (zvakavakirwa panziyo dzako) yetambo orchestra, op. 53 3 zvidimbu zveochestra kubva ku "Sigurd Iorsalfar" op. 56 (1892) 2 nziyo dzeNorwegian dzetambo orchestra, op. 63 Madhanzi eSymphonic kuenda kuNorwegian motif, op. 64

Vocal uye symphonic inoshanda theatre music "Pamasuwo eimba yemamongi" yemanzwi echikadzi - ega uye kwaya - uye orchestra, op. 20 (1870) "Kuuya Kumba" kwemanzwi echirume - ega nekwaya - uye orchestra, op. 31 (1872, 2nd edition - 1881) Kusurukirwa kwebaritone, tambo orchestra uye nyanga mbiri op. 32 (1878) Mimhanzi yeIbsen's Peer Gynt, op. 23 (1874-1875) "Bergliot" yekuzivisa ne orchestra op. 42 (1870-1871) Zviratidziro kubva kuna Olaf Trygvason zvevanoimba vari voga, kwaya uye orchestra, op. 50 (1889)

Choir Album yekuimba kwechirume (12 choirs) op. makumi matatu neina mapisarema kunziyo dzekare dzeNorway dzekwaya yakasanganiswa cappella ine baritone kana bass op. 4 (74)

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakadhindwa ndizvo zvikuru: "Wagnerian performances in Bayreuth" (1876), "Robert Schumann" (1893), "Mozart" (1896), "Verdi" (1901), chinyorwa chehupenyu "Kubudirira kwangu kwekutanga" ( 1905)