Cancer movement |

Racism movement, kudzoka, kana kudzosera kumashure, kufamba (lat. cankering, cankering, by retrograde motion; ital riverso, alla riversa, rivoltato, al rovescio zvinorevawo kudzokororwa kwedingindira, kupikisa; German Krebsgang - shellfish) - yakasarudzika mhando yekushandurwa kwenziyo, polyphonic. madingindira kana kuti mumhanzi wose. kuvakwa, kunosanganisira kuita kwerwiyo urwu (kuvaka) kubva kumagumo kusvika kumavambo. R. etc. zvakafanana neiyo yekare mutambo fomu yemazwi art - palindrome, asi, mukupesana nayo seCh. arr. chimiro chekuona, R. etc. inogona kunzwisiswa nenzeve. Complex tekinoroji R. etc. inowanikwa chete muna Prof. suit; fungidziro dzayo dzinopesvedzera hunhu hwemamusi. mifananidzo, asi mumienzaniso yakanakisa iyi nzira iri pasi pezvibodzwa zvepamusoro zvinoratidzira, uye zvimwe zvakawanda. vanyori vakatanhamara havana kuifuratira mubasa ravo. Muenzaniso wekutanga unozivikanwa weR. etc. iri mune chimwe chezvikamu zvenguva dzeParis School (Notre Dame). Gare gare R. etc. yaiwanzoshandiswa nenyanzvi dzepolyphony, uye mune dzimwe nguva, kukwezva kwairi kwaisarudzwa nerevo yerugwaro. R. etc. inowanzoonekwa seimba yeimba. chiratidzo chepfungwa dzekusingaperi, infinity (somuenzaniso, chikamu chetatu cheS. Scheidt mu“Tabulatura nova” nemashoko anobva mupisarema rechi30 “non confundar in aeternum” – “regai ndirege kunyadziswa nokusingaperi”) kana kuti akarishandisa semufananidzo (semuenzaniso, muPierre de la Rue's Missa Alleluia to ratidza mazwi anobva muEvangeri yaMako “vade retro Satanis” – “ibva kwandiri, Satani”). Imwe yemimhanzi yakakurumbira uye inoyevedza. ruzha rwemienzaniso - chikamu chetatu rondo naG. de Machaux "Kuguma kwangu ndiko kutanga kwangu, mavambo angu ndiwo magumo angu": pano, pane zvose, patani yakanyatsoenderana inoumbwa. fomu, apo chikamu chechipiri (kubva pachiyero 2) chinobva pachikamu chekutanga (pamwe nekugadzirisazve manzwi epamusoro). Iko kunowanzo shandiswa nzira yekufamba kwekudzoka nevekare vanopikisa (kunyanya, vanyori vechikoro cheDutch; ona, semuenzaniso, iyo isorhythmic motet "Balsamus et mundi" naDufay) inofanirwa kuongororwa se prof. tsvakiridzo pane dzakasiyana siyana zvehunyanzvi uye kutaura. Mikana yepolyphony panguva yekuumbwa kwenheyo dzehunyanzvi uhu (iyo canon mu35th Magnificat yePalestrina inogutsikana nehunyanzvi hwakakwana hwehunyanzvi, semuenzaniso). Composers con. 17th-18th mazana emakore akashandisawo R. kunyange zvazvo zvave zvishoma. Hongu, ini. C. Bach, sezviri pachena achida kusimbisa hutsanana hwebudiriro mu "Musical Offering" ye "royal theme", anosuma zvikamu zviviri zvisingaperi "Canon cancricans" yechikamu chekutanga pakutanga kwayo. Mune minuet kubva kuHaydn's sonata A-dur (Hob. XVI, No 26) chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvechimiro chakaoma chetatu-chikamu chiri maviri-chikamu chimwe nekushandiswa kwekufamba kwekudzoka, uye zvinonzwika zvinonzwika R. etc. haipesani nekunaka kwemimhanzi. Rakohodnaya kutevedzera mumatanho ekutanga ekuvandudzwa kweiyo 4th kufamba kweiyo symphony C-dur ("Jupiter") V. A.

Mukuita, zvinotevera zviitiko zvekushandisa R. d. vanosiyaniswa: 1) muna c.-l. nezwi rimwechete (sekutevedzera kutaurwa kwaWA ​​Mozart naL. Beethoven); 2) mumanzwi ose senzira yekugadzira chivakwa chinobva kune (yakafanana nemienzaniso yakapiwa kubva mumabasa aH. de Machaux naJ. Haydn); 3) canon canon (somuenzaniso, muJS Bach). Mukuwedzera, R.d. inogona kuumba misanganiswa yakaoma kunzwisisa nedzimwe nzira dzemelodic. theme shanduko. Saka, mienzaniso yegirazi-reverse canon inowanikwa muWA ​​Mozart (Mana canon emaviolin maviri, K.-V. Anh. 284 dd), J. Haydn.

J. Haydn. Mirror canon.

Maererano nekuwedzera kufarira mumhanzi wekutanga muzana remakore rechi20. pane kufarira kutsva muhunyanzvi hweR. d. Mukuita kwevanyori, kune mienzaniso miviri iri nyore (semuenzaniso, Kutevedzera EK Golubev, muunganidzwa "Polyphonic Pieces", chinyorwa 1, M., 1968), uye zvakanyanya kuoma (semuenzaniso, muNo. 8 kubva kuShchedrin's "Polyphonic". Notebook”, reprise ndiyo mutsauko wekutanga 14-bar kuvaka; mune matatu-izwi fugue muF, symmetrical kuvaka kubva kubhawa 31 inoumbwa kubva kuP. Hindemith's neoclassical mune yakajairika kutenderera piyano "Ludus tonalis" ) , dzimwe nguva inosvika pakuoma (mune op imwechete. Hindemith, yekutanga prelude cycle uye postlude inoguma iyo inomiririra yekutanga uye yakabva kusanganiswa kwegirazi-cracker counterpoint; muNo18 kubva kuSchoenberg's Lunar Pierrot, matanho gumi ekutanga ndiwo musanganiswa wekutanga mu chimiro chekanoni kaviri, zvino - a rakokhodny derivative, yakaoma nekuvakwa kwefugue muchikamu chefp.). Kushandiswa kwemimhanzi ine mutinhimira mumhanzi weserial kwakasiyana zvakanyanya. Inogona kunge iri muchimiro cheiyo nhevedzano pachayo (semuenzaniso, mune fec-agd-as-des-es-ges-bh akatevedzana ari pasi peBerg's Lyric Suite, iyo yechipiri hafu ishanduko yakashandurwa yekutanga); iyo apo neapo shanduko yezvose zviri zviviri zvakatevedzana (ona Dodecaphony) uye zvikamu zvese zvebasa chinhu chinowanzo kuumbwa mumhanzi wedodecaphonic. Musiyano wekupedzisira we symphony op. 10 Webern (ona muenzaniso uri pasi apa).

Inzwi repamusoro remusoro (clarinet) ndeye 12-sound series, iyo yechipiri hafu iyo inoshandurwa shanduro ye2; chimiro che 1st variation is rakohodny (ona chiyero 1 mairi) kanoni kaviri mukutenderera; R.d. inowanikwa mune zvese zvakasiyana-siyana zvekupedzisira kwesymphony. Mamiriro ekushandiswa kwekuumbwa kwe rhythmic anotariswa nechinangwa chekusika chemunyori; mashandisirwo emumhanzi mutinhimira mukati meiyo serial mimhanzi inogona kunge yakasiyana zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, mukupedzisira kweKaraev's 7rd symphony, apo chimiro chemutsara chinoenderana nehunhu hweAzerbaijani nar. frets, kuvakwa kwekutanga kunodzokororwa (ona nhamba 3) muchimiro che rakokhodny derivative compound.

Mu "Polyphonic Symphony" est. nemunyori A. Pärt, matanho makumi mana ekutanga kubva pakodhi yechikamu chekutanga (nhamba 40) ndiwo kanoni inoenda crescendo, kozoti kanoni muR. d. diminuendo; magadzirirwo akasimba eruzha mune iyi nyaya inonzwisiswa nemuteereri serudzi rwekupedzisa, kunzwisisa, zvine musoro kujekeswa kwemumhanzi wekare wakanyanyisa. zviito. R. d. inowanikwa mukupedzisira Op. IF Stravinsky; semuenzaniso, muRicercar II kubva kuCantata kusvika kuzvinyorwa zveChirungu. vadetembi, chikamu chetenor chakaomeswa nemacanons chinodanwa "Cantus cancri-zans" uye chine mana akasiyana eakateedzana. Mu "Canticum sacrum" kufamba kwechishanu kwakasiyana kwekutanga, uye kushandiswa kwakadaro kweR. (sezvakawanda muchiratidzo chemumhanzi weOp ino.) inoenderana nemaitiro evaimbova contrapuntalists. Contrapuntal formations inokonzerwa nekushandiswa kweR. d., yemazuva ano. dzidziso yepolyphony inozvisiyanisa. mhando yakaoma counterpoint.

References: Riemann H., Handbuch der Musikgeschichte, Vol. 2, Chikamu 1, Lpz., 1907, 1920; Feininger LKJ, Iyo yekutanga nhoroondo yecanon kusvika Josquin des Prez, Emsdetten, 1937.

VP Frayonov