Alfred Schnittke: regai mimhanzi yefirimu iuye pakutanga

Mimhanzi nhasi inopinda munzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu hwedu. Panzvimbo pezvo, tinogona kutaura kuti hakuna nzvimbo yakadaro umo nziyo dzisinganzwiki. Sezvingatarisirwa, izvi zvinoshanda zvizere kune cinematography. Kare ndiwo mazuva apo mafirimu airatidzwa mumabhaisikopo chete uye mutambi wepiyano aitsigira zvaiitika pachikirini nekuridza kwake.

Mafirimu akanyarara akatsiviwa nemafirimu ane ruzha, takabva tadzidza nezve stereo ruzha, uye ipapo mifananidzo ye3D yakave yakajairika. Uye nguva yose iyi, mimhanzi mumafirimu yaigara iripo uye yaiva chinhu chinodiwa.

Asi vafambi vemafirimu, vakanyura muchirongwa chemufirimu, havawanzofunga nezvemubvunzo uyu:. Uye kune mubvunzo unonyanya kufadza: kana kune mafirimu akawanda, zuro, nhasi uye mangwana, saka tingawana kupi mimhanzi yakawanda zvokuti inokwana madhirama, njodzi nemakwikwi, uye mamwe mafirimu ose. ?

 Pamusoro pebasa revanyori vemafirimu

Kune mafirimu akawanda semumhanzi, uye haugone kupokana nazvo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mimhanzi inofanirwa kuumbwa, kuitwa uye kurekodhwa muruzha rwechero firimu. Asi mainjiniya asati atanga kurekodha ruzha, mumwe munhu anofanirwa kuumba mimhanzi. Uye izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinoitwa nevanyori vemafirimu.

Zvakadaro, iwe unofanirwa kuedza kusarudza pamhando dzemimhanzi yemufirimu:

• kuenzanisira, kusimbisa zviitiko, zviito, uye muchidimbu - zviri nyore;
• yatozivikanwa, yakambonzwa, kazhinji yekare (zvichida yakakurumbira);
• Mimhanzi yakanyatsonyorerwa imwe firimu inogona kusanganisira nguva dzemifananidzo, madingindira ezviridzwa zvemunhu nenhamba, nziyo, nezvimwe.

Asi izvo mhando dzese idzi dzakafanana ndezvekuti mimhanzi mumafirimu haisati yatora nzvimbo yakakosha.

Idzi nharo dzaidiwa kuratidza nekusimbisa kuoma uye kumwe kutsamira kwehunyanzvi hwemunyori wefirimu.

Uye ipapo chiyero chetarenda remunyori uye nyanzvi inova pachena Alfreda Schnittke, uyo akakwanisa kutaura zvinonzwika, kutanga kuburikidza nebasa rake semunyori wefirimu.

 Sei Schnittka aida mimhanzi yefirimu?

Kune rumwe rutivi, mhinduro iri nyore: zvidzidzo pachikoro chekuchengetedza uye chikoro chinopedzwa (1958-61), basa rekudzidzisa harisati rave nekugadzira. Asi hapana aikurumidza kutumira uye kuita mimhanzi yemunyori wechidiki Alfred Schnittke.

Ipapo kwasara chinhu chimwe chete: nyora mimhanzi yemafirimu uye gadzira yako mutauro uye chimiro. Nenzira yakanaka, pane nguva dzose kudiwa kwemimhanzi yefirimu.

Gare gare, munyori wacho pachake aizotaura kuti kutanga kubva pakutanga 60s "aizomanikidzwa kunyora mimhanzi yefirimu kwemakore makumi maviri." Iri ndiro basa rekutanga remunyori kuti "awane chingwa chake chemazuva ese" uye mukana wakanakisa wekutsvaga nekuyedza.

Schnittke ndomumwe wevanyori vakakwanisa kudarika miganhu yemhando yefirimu uye panguva imwechete kugadzira kwete chete "yakashandiswa" mimhanzi. Chikonzero cheizvi inyanzvi yatenzi uye kugona kukuru kwebasa.

Kubva 1961 kusvika 1998 (gore rekufa), mimhanzi yakanyorerwa anopfuura 80 mafirimu uye katuni. Mhando dzemafirimu ane mimhanzi yaSchnittke akasiyana zvakanyanya: kubva panjodzi huru kuenda kucomedy, farce uye mafirimu nezvemitambo. Chimiro uye mutauro wemimhanzi weSchnittke mumabasa ake emufirimu akasiyana zvakanyanya uye akasiyana.

Saka zvinozoitika kuti mimhanzi yefirimu yaAlfred Schnittke ndiyo kiyi yekunzwisisa mimhanzi yake, yakagadzirwa mumhando dzakakomba dzedzidzo.

Nezvemafirimu akanakisa ane mimhanzi yaSchnittke

Ehe, ese anofanirwa kutariswa, asi zvakaoma kutaura nezvawo ese, saka zvakakodzera kuti titaure mashoma:

• "Commissar" (dir. A. Askoldov) yakarambidzwa kwemakore anopfuura 20 nekuda kwezvikonzero zvepfungwa, asi vataridzi vachiri kuona firimu;
• "Belorussky Station" - rwiyo rwakagadzirirwa kunyanya firimu naB. Okudzhava, iyo inonzwikawo nenzira yekufamba (iyo orchestration nemamwe mimhanzi ndeye A. Schnittka);
• "Mutambo, mutambo, mutambo" (dir. E. Klimov);
• "Sekuru Vanya" (dir. A. Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky);
• "Agony" (dir. E. Klimov) - mutambi mukuru ndiG. Rasputin;
• "The White Steamer" - zvichibva pane nyaya naCh. Aitmatov;
• "Tale yekuti Tsar Peter Akaroora Sei Blackamoor" (dir. A. Mitta) - yakabva pamabasa aA. Pushkin pamusoro peTsar Peter;
• "Matambudziko Maduku" (dir. M. Schweitzer) - kubva pamabasa aA. Pushkin;
• “Nyaya Yekudzungaira” (dir. A. Mitta);
• "Mweya Yakafa" (dir. M. Schweitzer) - kunze kwemimhanzi yefirimu, kunewo "Gogol Suite" yeTaganka Theater performance "Revision Tale";
• "Tenzi naMargarita" (dir. Yu. Kara) - kuguma kwefirimu uye nzira yevateereri yakanga yakaoma uye yakakakavadzana, asi shanduro yefirimu inogona kuwanikwa paIndaneti nhasi.

Iwo mazita anopa pfungwa yemadingindira uye zvirongwa. Vaverengi vakawanda vane njere vanozoteerera mazita evatungamiri, vazhinji vavo vanozivikanwa uye vakakosha.

Uye kunewo mimhanzi yemakatuni, semuenzaniso "Glass Harmonica," uko, kuburikidza nemhando yevana uye mimhanzi naA. Schnittke, mutungamiriri A. Khrzhanovsky anotanga hurukuro pamusoro pehunyanzvi hweunyanzvi hwemhando yepamusoro.

Asi chinhu chakanakisisa chekutaura pamusoro pemimhanzi yefirimu yaA. Schnittke ishamwari dzake: vatungamiri, vaimbi vanoita, vanyori.

 Pakutanga kwenyika mumhanzi waSchnittke uye polystylistics

Izvi zvinowanzobatanidzwa nerudzi, tsika dzemhuri, uye pfungwa yekuva weimwe tsika yemweya.

Mabviro aSchnittke echiGerman, echiJudha neRussia akabatanidzwa kuita chimwe. Zvakaoma, hazvina kujairika, hazvina kujairika, asi panguva imwe chete zviri nyore uye zvine tarenda, muimbi ane hunyanzvi hwekugadzira anogona sei "kuisanganisa" pamwechete.

Izwi iri rinoshandurwa se: maererano nemimhanzi yaSchnittke, izvi zvinoreva kuti maitiro akasiyana-siyana, marudzi uye mafambiro anoratidzwa uye anoratidzwa: classics, avant-garde, chorales yekare uye nziyo dzemweya, mazuva ose waltzes, polkas, marches, nziyo, gitare. mimhanzi, jazz, nezvimwe.

Munyori akashandisa maitiro e polystylistics uye collage, pamwe chete nemhando ye "instrumental theatre" (unhu uye tsanangudzo yakajeka yetimbres). Yakanyatso kudzikama uye inonzwisisika dramaturgy inopa kutungamira uye kuronga kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusiyanisa pakati pechokwadi nevekukurudzira, uye pakupedzisira kumisa yakakwira yakanaka yakanaka.

Nezve chikuru uye chakakosha

             Ngatigadzirirei mazano:

• kuburikidza nefirimu yechiitiko, firimu rekufananidzira, mimhanzi yaAlfred Schnittke inoita kuti ufunge pamusoro pezvakakosha, chinhu chikuru muupenyu hwemunhu, nzanga, nyika, vanhu vose;
• Schnittke akambotaura kuti mimhanzi "kuchema kunonzwika kwenguva." Uye hazvina basa zvachose nechikonzero chipi ichi zvakataurwa. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti Tenzi anzwisise, anotsanangura uye anoshandura "kupopota, kuchema, mazwi uye kuzevezera" kwevanhu venguva yake mumanzwi emimhanzi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vemazuva ano nevazukuru vachanzwa zvainzwika mumweya yedu;
• Schnittke anotaura nemuteereri wake mumutauro wemimhanzi pamusoro pezvinhu zvinokosha. Asi munhu anofanira kudzidza kunzwisisa mutauro uyu, ipapo ndipo panobva pasvika kunzwisisa pfungwa dzemunyori;
• Mimhanzi yefirimu yeSchnittke inogona kubatsira mukunzwisisa, nokuti kune kutevedzana kwevhidhiyo, nokuti kuteerera nekuona panguva imwe chete iri nyore zvishoma.

Uye zvino - musangano nemimhanzi yaAlfred Schnittke, nyanzvi yehafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi2. Hapana anovimbisa kuti zvichava nyore, asi zvakakosha kuwana munhu mukati mako kuti anzwisise zvinofanira kuva zvakakosha muupenyu.