Nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwebhatani accordion

Bayan chimbo chiridzwa chetsanga, asi panguva imwe chete chiri chiridzwa chemumhanzi wekhibhodi. Ichiri "pwere" uye inogara ichishanduka. Kubva pakusikwa kwayo kusvika nhasi, bhatani accordion rakaita nhamba huru yekuchinja uye kuvandudzwa.

Nheyo yekugadzirwa kwezwi, iyo inoshandiswa muchiridzwa, yave ichizivikanwa kwemakore anopfuura zviuru zvitatu. Rurimi rwesimbi runotenderera murukova rwemhepo rwakashandiswa muchiChinese, Japanese uye Lao zviridzwa. Kunyanya, iyi nzira yekuburitsa manzwi emimhanzi yakashandiswa muchiChinese folk chiridzwa - sheng.

Nhoroondo yebhatani accordion yakatanga kubva panguva apo kekutanga rurimi rwesimbi runoburitsa ruzha rwakamanikidzwa kuzununguka kubva kumhepo yakanangana kwete kubva kumapapu emuimbi, asi kubva kune yakasarudzika fur. (zvakangofanana nekushandiswa mukugadzira blacksmithing). Iyi nheyo yekuzvarwa kwezwi yakagadzira hwaro hwechigadzirwa chechiridzwa chemimhanzi.

Ndiani akagadzira bhatani accordion?

Ndiani akagadzira bhatani accordion? Vazhinji vatenzi vane tarenda vakatora chikamu mukugadzirwa kwebhatani accordion nenzira yatinoziva nayo. Asi pamavambo pakanga paine vatenzi vaviri vachishanda vakazvimirira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe: mugadziri weogani weGerman Friedrich Buschmann uye tenzi weCzech František Kirchner.

Kirchner kumashure muna 1787 akaronga zano rekugadzira chiridzwa chemimhanzi, icho chaive chakavakirwa pamusimboti wekufamba kwesimbi yesimbi mukoramu yemhepo yakamanikidzwa uchishandisa yakakosha fur room. Akasikawo yekutanga prototypes.

Bushman, kune rumwe rutivi, akashandisa rurimi runotenderera seforogo yekugadzira kurongedza nhengo. Aingoridza manzwi chaiwo chete achibatsirwa nemapapu, izvo zvainetsa kushandisa pabasa. Kufambisa basa rekugadzirisa, Bushman akagadzira nzira yaishandisa mabhero akakosha ane mutoro.

Pakavhurwa michina, mutoro wakasimuka ndokusvina kamuri yemvere nehuremu hwayo, izvo zvakabvumira mweya wakamanikidzwa kuzunguza rurimi rwesimbi rwuri mubhokisi rakakosha resonator kwenguva yakati rebei. Mushure mezvo, Bushman akawedzera mamwe mazwi kune dhizaini yake, aidaidzwa nekuchinjana. Akashandisa nzira iyi chete nechinangwa chekugadzirisa nhengo.

Muna 1829, mugadziri wenhengo yeViennese Cyril Demian akatora pfungwa yekugadzira chiridzwa chine tsanga nekamuri yemvere. Akagadzira chiridzwa chemumhanzi chakavakirwa paBushman mechanism, yaive nemakiyibhodhi maviri akazvimirira uye fure pakati pawo. Pamakiyi manomwe ekhibhodi yekurudyi, unogona kuridza rwiyo, uye pamakiyi ekuruboshwe - bass. Demian akatumidza chiridzwa chake kuti accordion, akaisa patent yezvakagadzirwa, uye mugore iroro akatanga kuwanda-kugadzira uye kuvatengesa.

Yokutanga accordions muRussia

Panguva imwecheteyo, chiridzwa chakafanana chakaonekwa muRussia. Muzhizha ra1830, Ivan Sizov, nyanzvi yezvombo mupurovhinzi yeTula, akawana chiridzwa chinoshamisa pamutambo - accordion. Pakudzokera kumba, akaiparadzanisa ndokuona kuti kuvakwa kweharmonica kwakanga kuri nyore zvikuru. Akabva agadzira chiridzwa chakafanana iye ndokuchitumidza kuti accordion.

Kungofanana naDemian, Ivan Sizov haana kuzvidzora pakuita kopi imwe yechiridzwa, uye chaizvoizvo makore mashomanana gare gare kugadzirwa kwefekitari yeaccordion kwakatangwa muTula. Uyezve, kusikwa uye kuvandudzwa kwechiridzwa chakawana chimiro chakakurumbira. Tula yakagara yakakurumbira kune mhizha dzayo, uye Tula accordion ichiri kuonekwa seyero yehutano nhasi.

Ko bhatani accordion rakaonekwa riini chaizvo?

"Zvakanaka, bhatani accordion riripi?" – unobvunza. Iwo maaccordion ekutanga ndiwo anotungamira akananga bhatani accordion. Chinhu chikuru cheiyo accordion ndechekuti yakagadziridzwa diatonically uye inogona kungoridza mune imwe hombe kana diki kiyi. Izvi zvakakwana pakuronga mhemberero dzevanhu, michato uye kumwe kuvaraidza.

Muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, iyo accordion yakaramba iri chiridzwa chevanhu. Sezvo isati yanyanya kuoma mukugadzirisa, pamwe chete nefekitari samples yeaccordion, mhizha dzega dzakaitawo.

Muna September 1907, nyanzvi yeSt. Petersburg Pyotr Sterligov akagadzira accordion yakanga ine chromatic scale yakazara. Sterligov akadana accordion yake accordion, achikudza Boyan, ane mukurumbira muimbi-munyori wenziyo weRussia yekare.

Yakanga iri kubva muna 1907 iyo nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano bhatani accordion yakatanga muRussia. Chiridzwa ichi chinobva chasiyana-siyana zvekuti chinobvumira muimbi kuti atambe pachiri nziyo dzechinyakare uye marongero adzo, pamwe nekurongwa kwemakodhiyoni emitambo yechinyakare.

Parizvino, vanyori vane hunyanzvi vanonyora nziyo dzepakutanga dze bayan, uye vatambi veaccordion havasi vakaderera kune vaimbi vezvimwe hunyanzvi maererano nedanho rehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi muchiridzwa. Mumakore zana chete, chikoro chokutanga chokuridza chiridzwa chacho chakaumbwa.

Nguva yose iyi, bhatani accordion, kufanana neaccordion, ichiri kudiwa nevanhu: muchato usingawanzoitiki kana imwe mhemberero, kunyanya kumaruwa, inoita pasina chiridzwa ichi. Nokudaro, bhatani accordion rakakodzera rakagamuchira zita reRussia folk instrument.

Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa mabasa eiyo accordion ndeye "Ferapontov Monastery" naVl. Zolotarev. Tinokukoka kuti uiteerere yakaitwa naSergei Naiko. Mumhanzi uyu wakakomba, asi une mweya.

Munyori ndiDmitry Bayanov