Luigi Dallapiccola |

Luigi Dallapiccola

L. Dallapiccola ndomumwe wevakatanga mutambo wemazuva ano wokuItaly. Kubva kumakirasi enguva yebel canto, V. Bellini, G. Verdi, G. Pucci, akagara nhaka yemanzwiro ezwi rezwi uye panguva imwechete akashandisa nzira dzakaoma dzemazuva ano dzekutaura. Dallapiccola ndiye aive muimbi wekutanga wekuItaly kushandisa nzira yedodecaphony. Munyori wemaopera matatu, Dallapiccola akanyora mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana: mimhanzi yekwaya, orchestra, inzwi uye orchestra, kana piano.

Dallapikkola akaberekerwa muIstria (nharaunda iyi panguva iyoyo yaiva yeAustria-Hungary, yava chikamu cheYugoslavia). Mukati meHondo Yenyika Yokutanga, apo hurumende yeAustria yakavhara chikoro chababa vake (mudzidzisi wechiGiriki), mhuri yakatamira kuGraz. Ikoko Dallapiccola akashanyira imba yeopera kokutanga, mitambo yaR. Wagner yakamuorora zvikuru. Amai vakambocherechedza kuti apo mukomana akateerera Wagner, kunzwa kwenzara kwakanyura maari. Mushure mekuteerera opera The Flying Dutchman, Luigi ane makore gumi nematatu akasarudza kuve muimbi. Pakupera kwehondo (apo Istria yakaendeswa kuItaly), mhuri yakadzokera kunyika yavo. Dallapiccola akapedza kudzidza kubva kuFlorence Conservatory mupiyano (1924) uye kuumbwa (1931). Kuwana maitiro ako, nzira yako mumhanzi yakanga isingagoneki pakarepo. Makore akawanda mukutanga 20's. Dallapiccola, uyo akazviwanira horizons itsva (C. Debussy's impressionism uye mimhanzi yekare yeItaly), akanga akabatikana kunzwisisa uye haana kunyora zvachose. Mumabasa akagadzirwa mukupera kwe20's. (pakukumbira kwemunyori, havana kuitwa), rudzi rweneoclassicism uye kunyange simba remunyori wezana remakore re1942 rinonzwika. C. Monteverdi (zvakazoitika, muna XNUMX, Dallapiccola akaita hurongwa hweMonteverdi's opera The Return of Ulysses).

Pakati pe30s. (zvichida kwete pasina simba remusangano naA. Berg, munyori mukuru wekutaura) Dallapikkola akatendeukira kune dodecaphone technique. Achishandisa nzira iyi yekunyora, munyori wekuItaly haasiye nzira dzakajaira dzekutaura semutinhimira une mutinhimira. Kuverenga kwakasimba kunosanganiswa nekurudziro. Dallapiaccola akayeuka kuti rimwe zuva, achifamba mumigwagwa yeFlorence, akadhirowa rwiyo rwake rwekutanga rwedodecaphone, rwakava hwaro hwe "Korasi kubva kuMichelangelo". Kutevera Berg naA. Schoenberg, Dallapikkola anoshandisa dodecaphony kuratidza kushushikana kwemoyo kwakawedzera uye senzira yekuratidzira. Zvadaro, munyori wenziyo achati: “Nzira yangu semuimbi, kubvira muna 1935-36, pandakazopedzisira ndaona hutsinye hwekare hwefascism, uhwo hwaitsvaga kudzipa chimurenga cheSpain, hunopikisana nazvo. Yangu dodecaphonic kuyedza zvakare ndeye ino nguva. Pashure pezvose, panguva iyoyo, mimhanzi “yehurumende” nenyanzvi dzayo dzepfungwa dzakaimba tariro yenhema. Ndakanga ndisingagoni kurega kutaura ndichipikisa nhema idzi.

Panguva imwecheteyo, basa rekudzidzisa reDallapikkola rinotanga. Kweanopfuura makore 30 (1934-67) akadzidzisa piyano uye makirasi ekunyora paFlorence Conservatory. Kuita makonti (kusanganisira muduti nemutambi weviolinist S. Materaassi), Dallapiccola akakurudzira mimhanzi yemazuva ano - ndiye akatanga kuzivisa vanhu veItaly kune basa raO. Messiaen, mukuru wemazuva ano munyori wechiFrench.

Mukurumbira wakauya kuDallapikkola nekugadzirwa kwe opera yake yekutanga "Night Flight" muna 1940, yakanyorwa kubva mubhuku raA. Saint-Exupery. Kanopfuura kamwe chete munyori akatendeukira kudingindira rekuratidzira kupikisa mhirizhonga kumunhu. Cantata “Nziyo dzeVasungwa” (1941) inoshandisa magwaro emunyengetero waMary Stuart asati aurayiwa, mharidzo yokupedzisira yaJ. Savonarola nezvimedu zvegwaro romuzivi wekare Boethius, akatongerwa rufu. Chishuvo cherusununguko chakaiswawo mu opera The Prisoner (1948), apo pakashandiswa zvirongwa zvenyaya pfupi yaV. Lil-Adan uye novel The Legend of Ulenspiegel naC. de Coster.

Kuparara kwefascism kwakabvumira Dallapiccola kuti ave nesimba rakawanda paupenyu hwemimhanzi: mumakore ekutanga mushure mehondo, akashanda semutsoropodzi wemimhanzi wepepanhau Il Mondo uye munyori weSosaiti yeItaly Contemporary Music. Zita remunyori rave rine chiremera uye kunze kwenyika. Akakokwa kuzodzidzisa muUSA: kuBerkshire Music Center (Tanglewood, Massachusetts, 1951-52), kuQueens College (New York, 1956-57), uye zvakare kuAustria - kumakosi ezhizha eMozarteum (Salzburg). )

Kubva kuma50s. Dallapiccola inoomesa maitiro ake, ayo akaratidzirwawo mubasa rinokosha zvikuru remakore aya - opera Ulysses (Odysseus), yakaitwa muna 1968 muBerlin. Achiyeuka uduku hwake, munyori wenziyo akanyora kuti vatambi vose vari munhetembo yaHomer (nokutenda basa rababa vake) “vakanga vakaita sehama dzepedyo dzemhuri yedu. Taivaziva uye taitaura nezvavo seshamwari.” Dallapikkola kunyange kare (mumakore makumi mana) akanyora mabasa akawanda ezwi uye ensemble yezviridzwa kumashoko ekare vanyori vechiGiriki: Sappho, Alkey, Anacreon. Asi chinhu chikuru kwaari chaiva opera. Muma40s. tsvagiridzo yake “Izwi nemimhanzi muopera. Notes paContemporary Opera” nevamwe. "Opera inoratidzika kwandiri senzira yakanyatsokodzera yekutaura pfungwa dzangu ... inondinakidza," munyori pachake akataura maitiro ake kumhando yaanofarira.

K. Zenkin