Veljo Tormis (Veljo Tormis) |

Veljo Tormis

Kuita kuti nhaka yekare inonzwisisika uye isvike kumunhu wemazuva ano ndiro dambudziko guru rinotarisana nemunyori nhasi mubasa rake nengano. V. Tormis

Zita remunyori wekuEstonia V. Tormis hariparadzaniswe netsika dzemazuva ano dzechiEstonian choral. Uyu tenzi akatanhamara akaita mupiro wakapfuma mukusimudzira mimhanzi yekwaya yemazuva ano uye akavhura mikana mitsva yekutaura mairi. Kwakawanda kwekutsvagisa kwake uye kuyedza, kupenya kwaakawana uye kuwanikwa kwakaitwa pavhu rakaorera rekugadziriswa kwenziyo dzechiEstonian, dzaari mugadziri ane chiremera uye muunganidzi.

Tormis akagamuchira dzidzo yake yemimhanzi kutanga paTallinn Conservatory (1942-51), kwaakadzidza ogani (pamwe naE. Arro, A. Topman; S. Krull) uye kunyora na (V. Kappa), uyezve kuMoscow Conservatory ( 1951-56) mukirasi yekuumbwa (pamwe naV. Shebalin). Zvido zvekugadzira zvemuvambi weramangwana zvakaumbwa pasi pesimba remhepo yehupenyu hwemimhanzi yakamupoteredza kubva paudiki. Baba vaTormis vanobva kune varimi (Kuusalu, sabhabhu yeTallinn), akashanda semuimbi muchechi yemumusha muVigala (West Estonia). Nokudaro, Velho akanga ari pedyo nekuimba kuimba kwekwaya kubva pauduku, akatanga kutamba nhengo yacho mangwanani, achitora makorari. Midzi yedzinza remunyori wake inodzokera kutsika dzechiEstonian mimhanzi tsika, vanhu uye nyanzvi.

Nhasi Tormis ndiye munyori wenhamba huru yemabasa, zvese kwaya uye zviridzwa, anonyora mimhanzi yetiyeta uye sinema. Kunyange zvazvo, chokwadi, kugadzira mimhanzi yekwaya ndicho chinhu chikuru kwaari. Varume, vakadzi, vakavhengana, kwaya dzevana, vasina muperekedzi, pamwe chete nekuperekedza - dzimwe nguva zvisingawanzoitiki (semuenzaniso, madhiramu eshamanic kana tepi kurekodha) - mushoko, zvese zvingangoitika zvekurira nhasi, kubatanidza mazwi ezwi uye zviridzwa, vakawana. application mu studio yemuimbi. Tormis anosvika kumhando uye mafomu emimhanzi yekwaya aine pfungwa dzakavhurika, aine fungidziro isingawanzo uye ushingi, anofunga zvekare marudzi echinyakare ecantata, kutenderera kwekwaya, anoshandisa mhando nyowani dzezana ramakore re1980 nenzira yake. - nhetembo dzekwaya, mabharadhi ekwaya, zviitiko zvekwaya. Akagadzirawo mabasa mumhando dzepakutanga dzakasanganiswa: iyo cantata-ballet "Estonian Ballads" (1977), danho rekuumbwa kwenziyo dzekare dzerune "Vakadzi Ballads" (1965). Iyo opera Swan Flight (XNUMX) inotakura chitambi chesimba remimhanzi yekwaya.

Tormis munyori wenziyo akajeka uye muzivi. Ane muono wakajeka werunako muzvisikwa, mumunhu, mumweya wavanhu. Mabasa ake makuru epic uye epic-anoshamisa anotariswa kune makuru, epasi rose madingindira, kazhinji enhoroondo. Mavari, tenzi anosimuka kune huzivi generalizations, anowana ruzha rwakakodzera nyika yanhasi. Kutenderera kwekwaya yeEstonian Calendar Songs (1967) yakatsaurirwa kune isingaperi dingindira rekuwirirana kwezvisikwa uye hupenyu hwevanhu; Kubva pane zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo, iyo Ballad pamusoro peMaarjamaa (1969), iyo cantatas The Spell of Iron (inodzokorora tsika yechiperengo chevashaman vekare, ichipa munhu simba pamusoro pezvishandiso zvaakasika, 1972) uye Mazwi aLenin (1972), sa. uyewo Memories of the Denda » (1973).

Mumhanzi waTormis unoratidzwa nekufananidzira kwakajeka, kazhinji kutaridzika uye kufananidzira, izvo zvinogara zvichizadzwa ne psychologism. Nekudaro, mumakwaya ake, kunyanya mudiki, zvidhori zvepasi zvinoperekedzwa netsanangudzo yerwiyo, sezviri muAutumn Landscapes (1964), uye neimwe nzira, kutaura kwakanyanya kwezviitiko zvekuzviisa pasi kunosimudzwa nemufananidzo wezvakasikwa, semuHamlet's. Nziyo (1965).

Mutauro wemimhanzi wemabasa aTormis wakajeka wemazuva ano uye wepakutanga. Unyanzvi hwake hwehunyanzvi nehungwaru hunobvumira munyori kuti awedzere huwandu hwemanyorero ekwaya. Kwaya inodudzirwawo se polyphonic array, iyo inopihwa simba uye monumentality, uye zvinopesana - seinochinjika, mobile chiridzwa chekamuri sonority. Iro jira rekwaya rinogona kunge riri polyphonic, kana rinotakura mavara anowirirana, rinopenya risingafambi risingaperi kuwirirana, kana, ukuwo, rinoita serinofema, richipenya nekusiyana, kushanduka kwezvishoma uye density, pachena uye density. Tormis akaunzwa mairi maitiro ekunyora kubva kumimhanzi yemazuva ano yezviridzwa, sonorous (timbre-ruvara), pamwe nemamiriro ekunze.

Tormis anodzidza nechido zvikamu zvekare zvekare zvechiEstonian mimhanzi uye nhetembo ngano, basa revamwe vanhu veBaltic-Finnish: Vodi, Izhorians, Vepsians, Livs, Karelians, Finns, zvinoreva chiRussian, Bulgarian, Swedish, Udmurt uye mamwe masosi masosi, kudhirowa. zvinhu zvinobva kwavari zvemabasa avo. Pahwaro uhwu, ake "gumi nematatu eEstonian Lyrical Folk Songs" (1972), "Izhora Epic" (1975), "Northern Russian Epic" (1976), "Ingrian Manheru" (1979), kutenderera kwenziyo dzeEstonian neSweden "Mifananidzo. kubva Kare kweChitsuwa Vormsi” (1983), “Bulgarian Triptych” (1978), “Viennese Paths” (1983), “XVII Song of the Kalevala” (1985), gadziriro dzakawanda dzekwaya. Kunyudzwa mumatanho akafara engano hakungopfumise mutauro wemimhanzi waTormis chete nenzwi revhu, asi zvakare kunopa nzira dzekugadzirisa (zvinyorwa, harmonic, kuumbwa), uye kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana mapoinzi ekubatana nemaitiro emutauro wemazuva ano wemimhanzi.

Tormis anopa kukosha kwakakosha pakukwezva kwake kungano: “Ndinofarira nhaka yemimhanzi yenguva dzakasiyana, asi pamusoro pezvose, mitsara yekare iyo yakakosha zvakanyanya ... Zvakakosha kutaurira muteereri-muoni zvinongoitika zverudzi rwevanhu. Maonero enyika, mafungiro ezvikosheso zvepasi rose, izvo zvinoratidzwa pakutanga uye zvine hungwaru mungano” .

Mabasa eTormis anoitwa nevatungamiriri veEstonian ensembles, pakati pavo iyo Estonian uye Vanemuine Opera Dzimba. The Estonian State Academic Male Choir, the Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir, the Tallinn Chamber Choir, the Estonian Television and Radio Choir, akati wandei evadzidzi nepwere kwaya, pamwe chete nemakwaya anobva kuFinland, Sweden, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Germany.

Muimbi wekwaya G. Ernesaks, mukuru wechikoro chevanyori vekuEstonia, akati: “Nziyo dzaVeljo Tormis dzinoratidza mweya yevanhu vokuEstonia,” akataura zvainyatsorehwa nemashoko ake, achitaura nezvekwakabva kwakavanzika. Kukosha kwepamusoro pamweya kwehunyanzvi hwaTormis.

M. Katunyan