Herbert von Karajan (Herbert von Karajan) |

Herbert von Karajan

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Mumwe wevatsoropodzi vakakurumbira vemimhanzi akambodana Karayan "Chief Conductor of Europe". Uye zita iri nderechokwadi zvakapetwa kaviri - sekutaura, zvese muchimiro uye mumukati. Chokwadi: mumakore gumi nehafu apfuura, Karajan akatungamira akawanda epamusoro eEuropean orchestras: anga ari mutungamiriri mukuru weLondon, Vienna neBerlin Philharmonic, Vienna Opera uye La Scala muMilan, mitambo yemimhanzi muBayreuth, Salzburg. naLucerne, Sosaiti yeShamwari dzeMumhanzi muVienna ... Karayan akabata akawanda ezvinzvimbo panguva imwe chete, asingakwanisi kubhururuka nendege yake yemitambo kubva kune rimwe guta kuenda kune rimwe kuti aite kudzokorora, konzati, kuita, kurekodha pamarekodhi. . Asi akakwanisa kuita izvi zvose uye, uyezve, achiri akanyanya kutenderera pasirese.

Nekudaro, tsananguro ye "mukuru conductor weEurope" ine chirevo chakadzama. Kwemakore akati wandei ikozvino, Karajan akasiya akawanda ezvaakatumira, achitarisa kutungamira Berlin Philharmonic uye Salzburg Spring Festival, iyo iye pachake akaronga kubva 1967 uye kwaakaronga maopera aWagner uye makuru ekirasi. Asi kunyange iye zvino hapana mutungamiriri mukondinendi yedu, uye zvichida munyika yose (pamwe chete kunze kweL. Bernstein), uyo aigona kukwikwidzana naye mukuzivikanwa uye chiremera (kana tichireva vatungamiri vezera rake) .

Karajan inowanzofananidzwa neToscanini, uye kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekufanana kwakadaro: makondakita maviri akafanana nechiyero chetarenda ravo, kufara kwemaonero avo emimhanzi, uye mukurumbira wavo mukuru. Asi, zvichida, kufanana kwavo kukuru kunogona kunzi kunoshamisa, dzimwe nguva kusinganzwisisi kukwanisa kutora zvachose kutarisa kwevaimbi uye neruzhinji, kutumira kwavari mafungu asingaoneki anogadzirwa nemimhanzi. (Izvi zvinonzwika kunyangwe mumarekodhi pazvinyorwa.)

Kune vateereri, Karayan inyanzvi ine hunyanzvi inovapa nguva dzezviitiko zvepamusoro. Kwavari, Karajan mutyairi anodzora chikamu chese chakasiyana-siyana cheunyanzvi hwemimhanzi - kubva kumabasa aMozart naHaydn kusvika kumumhanzi wemazuva ano weStravinsky naShostakovich. Kwavari, Karayan muimbi anoita nehunyanzvi hwakaenzana padanho rekonzati uye muimba yeopera, uko Karayan semutyairi anowanzo kutsigirwa naKarayan semutungamiriri wedanho.

Karajan yakanyatsojeka mukuburitsa mweya uye mavara echero mamakisi. Asi chero ipi zvayo yemitambo yake inoratidzwa nechisimbiso chakadzama chemunhu oga, iyo yakasimba zvokuti inotungamira kwete chete orchestra, asiwo soloists. Aine majesitireti, asina kana chero chinhu, anowanzo kunyima, "zvakaoma", anoisa pasi nhengo yega yega yeorchestra kune yake isingachinjiki kuda kwake, anobata muteereri nehunhu hwake hwemukati, anomuratidza huzivi hwakadzama hweakakura emimhanzi canvases. Uye panguva dzakadai, chimiro chake chidiki chinoita sechihombe!

Mazhinji ema opera akaitwa naKarajan muVienna, Milan nemamwe maguta. Kuverenga repertoire yemuitisi zvinoreva kurangarira zvese zvakanaka zviri mumabhuku emimhanzi.

Zvakawanda zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro pekududzira kwaKarajan kwemabasa ega. Mazhinji e symphonies, symphonic nhetembo uye zvimedu zveorchestra nevanyori veakasiyana uye vanhu zvakaitwa mumakonzati ake, akanyorwa naye pamarekodhi. Ngatingotaura mazita mashoma. Beethoven, Brahms, Bruckner, Mozart, Wagner, Verdi, Bizet, R. Strauss, Puccini - ava ndivo vanyori mukududzirwa kwemimhanzi yavo tarenda remuimbi rinoratidzwa zvizere. Ngatiyeukei, semuenzaniso, makonzati aKarajan munyika yedu mumakore ekuma60 kana kuti Verdi's Requiem, iyo yakaitwa naKarajan muMoscow nevaimbi veDa Scala theatre muMilan yakaita fungidziro isingadzimiki kune vese vakamunzwa.

Takaedza kutora mufananidzo weKarayan - nzira yaanozivikanwa nayo pasi rose. Zvechokwadi, ichi chingori chinyorwa, mutsara wemutsara: mufananidzo wekondakita unozadza nemavara akajeka paunoteerera makonti ake kana zvinyorwa. Zvasara kwatiri kuti tiyeuke matangiro enzira yekugadzira yemuimbi ...

Karajan akaberekerwa muSalzburg, mwanakomana wachiremba. Kugona kwake uye kuda mimhanzi kwakazviratidza kare zvekuti pazera remakore mashanu airidza pachena semupiyano. Ipapo Karajan akadzidza paSalzburg Mozarteum, uye mukuru wechikoro ichi chemimhanzi, B. Paumgartner, akamupa zano rokuitisa. (Kusvikira kuzuva rino, Karajan achiri muimbi wepiyano akanakisisa, achiridza piyano apo neapo nezvidimbu zveharpsichord.) Kubvira muna 1927, muimbi wechiduku uyu ave achishanda somuperekedzi, kutanga muguta reAustria reUlm, ipapo muAachen, kwaanova mumwe wevatambi. vatungamiri vakuru vaduku muGermany. Pakupera kwemakumi matatu, muimbi akatamira kuBerlin uye pasina nguva akatora chinzvimbo chemutungamiriri weBerlin Opera.

Mushure mehondo, mukurumbira waKarajan munguva pfupi yapfuura wakapfuura miganhu yeGermany - vakabva vatanga kumudaidza, "mukuru mukuru weEurope" ...

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969